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{{Short description|Main-belt Asteroid}} |
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⚫ | |||
{{Infobox planet |
{{Infobox planet |
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| minorplanet = yes |
| minorplanet = yes |
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| background = #D6D6D6 |
| background = #D6D6D6 |
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| image = 182Elsa (Lightcurve Inversion).png |
| image = 182Elsa (Lightcurve Inversion).png |
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| |
| image_scale = |
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| caption = [[Lightcurve]]-based 3D-model of ''Elsa'' |
| caption = [[Lightcurve]]-based 3D-model of ''Elsa'' |
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| discovery_ref = |
| discovery_ref = <ref name="MPC-object" /> |
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| discoverer = [[Johann Palisa|J. Palisa]] |
| discoverer = [[Johann Palisa|J. Palisa]] |
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| discovery_site = [[Austrian Naval Observatory|Austrian Naval Obs.]] |
| discovery_site = [[Austrian Naval Observatory|Austrian Naval Obs.]] |
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| discovered = 7 February 1878 |
| discovered = 7 February 1878 |
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| mpc_name = (182) Elsa |
| mpc_name = (182) Elsa |
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| alt_names = 1948 XS |
| alt_names = A878 CC; 1948 XS;<br/>1950 HY |
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| pronounced = {{IPAc-en|'|ɛ|l|z|ə}} |
| pronounced = {{IPAc-en|'|ɛ|l|z|ə}} |
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| named_after = uncertain; various suggestions |
| named_after = uncertain; various suggestions<ref name="springer" /> |
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| mp_category = [[main-belt]] |
| mp_category = [[main-belt]]<ref name="MPC-object" /><ref name="jpldata" />{{·}}{{small|([[Kirkwood gap|inner]])}}<br />{{nowrap|[[Massalia family|Massalia]]<ref name="Ferret" />{{·}}[[Background asteroid|background]]<ref name="AstDys-object" />}} |
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| orbit_ref = |
| orbit_ref = <ref name="jpldata" /> |
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| epoch = |
| epoch = 27 April 2019 ([[Julian day|JD]] 2458600.5) |
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| uncertainty = 0 |
| uncertainty = 0 |
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| observation_arc = 114. |
| observation_arc = 114.68 [[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]] (41,886d) |
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| aphelion = 2. |
| aphelion = 2.8656 [[Astronomical unit|AU]] |
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| perihelion = 1. |
| perihelion = 1.9657AU |
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| semimajor = 2. |
| semimajor = 2.4156AU |
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| eccentricity = 0. |
| eccentricity = 0.1863 |
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| period = 3. |
| period = 3.75 yr (1,371d) |
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| mean_anomaly = |
| mean_anomaly = {{val|282.09|ul=°}} |
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| mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0. |
| mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.2625|sup=ms}} / day |
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| inclination = 2. |
| inclination = 2.0054° |
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| asc_node = 107. |
| asc_node = 107.18° |
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| arg_peri = 310. |
| arg_peri = 310.85° |
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| mean_diameter = |
| mean_diameter = {{val|43.68|4.1|ul=km}}<ref name="SIMPS" /><br />{{val|44.000|4.279|u=km}}<ref name="WISE" /><br />{{val|44|0.1|u=km}}<ref name="Magri-2007" /><br />{{val|45.15|0.62|u=km}}<ref name="AKARI" /><br />{{val|45.72|7.82|u=km}}<ref name="Nugent-2016" /> |
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| rotation = |
| rotation = {{val|80.088|0.002|ul=h}}<ref name="Pilcher-2009e" /> |
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| albedo = |
| albedo = {{val|0.2083|0.045}}<ref name="SIMPS" /><br />{{val|0.209|0.007}}<ref name="AKARI" /><br />{{val|0.21|0.08}}<ref name="Nugent-2016" /><br />{{val|0.2106|0.0603}}<ref name="WISE" /> |
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| spectral_type = [[Tholen classification|Tholen]] {{=}} [[S-type asteroid|S]] |
| spectral_type = [[Tholen classification|Tholen]] {{=}} [[S-type asteroid|S]]<ref name="jpldata" /><br />[[SMASS classification|SMASS]] {{=}} [[S-type asteroid|S]]<ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="lcdb" /><br />[[Asteroid color indices|B–V]] {{=}} 0.862<ref name="jpldata" /><br />[[Asteroid color indices|U–B]] {{=}} 0.425<ref name="jpldata" /> |
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| abs_magnitude = |
| abs_magnitude = 9.12<ref name="MPC-object" /><ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="SIMPS" /><ref name="WISE" /><ref name="AKARI" /><ref name="lcdb" /><br />9.14<ref name="Nugent-2016" /><br />{{val|9.26|0.09}}<ref name="Harris-1980b" /><br />{{val|9.3|0.1}}<ref name="Harris-1992" /> |
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}} |
}} |
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''' |
'''Elsa''' ({{IPAc-en|'|ɛ|l|z|ə}}; [[minor planet designation]]: '''182 Elsa''') is a Massalia or background [[asteroid]] from the inner regions of the [[asteroid belt]], approximately {{convert|44|km|mi|abbr=off|sigfig=2|sp=us}} in diameter. It was discovered on 7 February 1878, by Austrian astronomer [[Johann Palisa]] at the [[Austrian Naval Observatory]] in today's Croatia.<ref name="MPC-object"/> The [[S-type asteroid]] has a very long [[rotation period]] of 80 hours and likely an elongated shape.<ref name="lcdb" /> The origin of its name is uncertain.<ref name="springer" /> |
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== Orbit and classification == |
== Orbit and classification == |
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''Elsa'' is a member of the [[Massalia family]] ({{small|[[FIN tbl#404|404]]}}),<ref name="Ferret" /> a very large inner belt [[asteroid family]] consisting of [[S-type asteroid|stony asteroids]].<ref name="Nesvorny-2014" /> In a different [[Hierarchical Clustering Method (asteroids)|HCM]]-study, however, it has been found to be a non-[[Asteroid family|family]] asteroid from the main belt's [[Background asteroid|background population]].<ref name="AstDys-object" /> |
''Elsa'' is a member of the [[Massalia family]] ({{small|[[FIN tbl#404|404]]}}),<ref name="Ferret" /> a very large inner belt [[asteroid family]] consisting of [[S-type asteroid|stony asteroids]].<ref name="Nesvorny-2014" /> In a different [[Hierarchical Clustering Method (asteroids)|HCM]]-study, however, it has been found to be a non-[[Asteroid family|family]] asteroid from the main belt's [[Background asteroid|background population]].<ref name="AstDys-object" /> |
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It orbits the Sun in the [[Kirkwood gap|inner]] main-belt at a distance of 2.0–2.9 [[Astronomical unit|AU]] once every 3 years and 9 months (1, |
It orbits the Sun in the [[Kirkwood gap|inner]] main-belt at a distance of 2.0–2.9 [[Astronomical unit|AU]] once every 3 years and 9 months (1,371 days; [[semi-major axis]] of 2.42 AU). Its orbit has an [[orbital eccentricity|eccentricity]] of 0.19 and an [[orbital inclination|inclination]] of 2[[Degree (angle)|°]] with respect to the [[ecliptic]].<ref name="jpldata" /> |
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⚫ | |||
⚫ | The origin of this [[minor planet]]'s name is uncertain.<ref name="springer" /> Originally, the asteroid was named "Elsbeth" – the Austrian variant of "Elisabeth" – and only later changed into a more lyrical "Elsa" with the consent of the discoverer, [[Johann Palisa]].<ref name="springer" /> It may have been named after the character in the legend of [[Lohengrin]] perpetuated by [[Richard Wagner]]'s [[Lohengrin (opera)|opera of the same name]].{{citation needed|date=May 2018}} It may also refer to the [[Empress Elisabeth of Austria]] (1854–1898), or to a relative of Admiral Bourgignon, who requested the naming, as he was the military superior of the discoverer at the Naval Observatory at Pola. Finally, the name "Elsbeth" just might have been chosen generically as it is one of the most common feminine Christian names.<ref name="springer" /> |
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== Physical characteristics == |
== Physical characteristics == |
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=== Rotation period === |
=== Rotation period === |
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The asteroid is a relatively [[List of slow rotators (minor planets)|slow rotator]].<ref name="lcdb" />In 1980, its [[rotation period]] was estimated to be about 3.3 Earth days.<ref name="Harris-1980b" /> In 2008, a collaborative effort from three different sites under the lead of [[Frederick Pilcher]] was used to build a complete [[lightcurve]] for the asteroid, which showed a period of {{val|80.088|0.002}} hours with a brightness variation of {{val|0.30|0.03}} in [[Magnitude (astronomy)|magnitude]]. A possible [[natural satellite|companion]] has been proposed to explain the slow rotation.<ref name="Pilcher-2009e" /> Other period determinations gave similar results between 80.166 and 80.23 hours with an outlier by the [[Palomar Transient Factory]].<ref name="Chang-2014a" /><ref name="Durech-2009" /><ref name="Gandolfi-2009" />{{efn|name=lcdb-Durech-2011}} |
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Elsa has very amplified lightcurve indicating an elongated or irregular body. It was one of five minor planets included in the 1993 study, [[Transition Comets -- UV Search for OH Emissions in Asteroids]], which was research involving amateur astronomers who were permitted to make use of the Hubble Space Telescope. |
Elsa has very amplified lightcurve indicating an elongated or irregular body. It was one of five minor planets included in the 1993 study, [[Transition Comets -- UV Search for OH Emissions in Asteroids]], which was research involving amateur astronomers who were permitted to make use of the Hubble Space Telescope. |
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According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite [[IRAS]], the Japanese [[Akari (satellite)|Akari satellite]] and the [[NEOWISE]] mission of NASA's [[Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer]], ''Elsa'' measures between 36 and 45.72 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an [[astronomical albedo|albedo]] between 0.196 and 0.2106.<ref name="Marchis-2006c" /><ref name="Masiero-2014" /><ref name="SIMPS" /><ref name="WISE" /><ref name="AKARI" /><ref name="Nugent-2016" /> |
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite [[IRAS]], the Japanese [[Akari (satellite)|Akari satellite]] and the [[NEOWISE]] mission of NASA's [[Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer]], ''Elsa'' measures between 36 and 45.72 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an [[astronomical albedo|albedo]] between 0.196 and 0.2106.<ref name="Marchis-2006c" /><ref name="Masiero-2014" /><ref name="SIMPS" /><ref name="WISE" /><ref name="AKARI" /><ref name="Nugent-2016" /> |
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During 2002, ''Elsa'' was also observed by radar from the [[Arecibo Observatory]]. The return signal matched an effective diameter of 44 |
During 2002, ''Elsa'' was also observed by radar from the [[Arecibo Observatory]]. The return signal matched an effective diameter of {{val|44|10|ul=km}}.<ref name="Magri-2007" /> |
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⚫ | |||
⚫ | The origin of this [[minor planet]]'s name is uncertain.<ref name="springer" /> Originally, the asteroid was named "Elsbeth" – the Austrian variant of "Elisabeth" – and only later changed into a more lyrical "Elsa" with the consent of the discoverer, [[Johann Palisa]].<ref name="springer" /> It may have been named after the character in the legend of [[Lohengrin]] perpetuated by [[Richard Wagner]]'s [[Lohengrin (opera)|opera of the same name]].{{citation needed|date=May 2018}} It may also refer to the [[Empress Elisabeth of Austria]] (1854–1898), or to a relative of Admiral Bourgignon, who requested the naming, as he was the military superior of the discoverer at the Naval Observatory at Pola. Finally, the name "Elsbeth" just might have been chosen generically as it is one of the most common feminine Christian names.<ref name="springer" /> |
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== Notes == |
== Notes == |
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{{notelist|refs= |
{{notelist|refs= |
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{{efn|name=lcdb-Durech-2011|1=See summary figures for (182) Elsa at the [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/ |
{{efn|name=lcdb-Durech-2011|1=See summary figures for (182) Elsa at the [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=182%7CElsa LCDB].}} |
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}} <!-- end of notelist --> |
}} <!-- end of notelist --> |
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<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web |
<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web |
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|type = 2018- |
|type = 2018-09-18 last obs. |
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|title = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 182 Elsa |
|title = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 182 Elsa |
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|url = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2000182 |
|url = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2000182 |
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|publisher = [[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]] |
|publisher = [[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]] |
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|accessdate = |
|accessdate = 13 February 2019}}</ref> |
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<ref name="springer">{{cite book |
<ref name="springer">{{cite book |
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|title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (182) Elsa |
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|last = Schmadel | first = Lutz D. |
|last = Schmadel | first = Lutz D. |
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|publisher = Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
|title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names |publisher = [[Springer Berlin Heidelberg]] |
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|chapter = (182) Elsa |
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|page = 31 |
|page = 31 |
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|date = 2007 |
|date = 2007 |
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| |
|isbn = 978-3-540-29925-7 |
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| |
|doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_183}}</ref> |
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⚫ | |||
<ref name="MPC-object">{{cite web |
<ref name="MPC-object">{{cite web |
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|accessdate = 29 May 2018}}</ref> |
|accessdate = 29 May 2018}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Nesvorny-2014">{{Cite |
<ref name="Nesvorny-2014">{{Cite book |
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|first1 = D. |last1 = Nesvorný |
|first1 = D. |last1 = Nesvorný |
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|first2 = M. |last2 = Broz |
|first2 = M. |last2 = Broz |
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|first3 = V. |last3 = Carruba |
|first3 = V. |last3 = Carruba |
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|date = December 2014 |
|date = December 2014 |
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| |
|chapter = Identification and Dynamical Properties of Asteroid Families |
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⚫ | |||
|url = https://arxiv.org/pdf/1502.01628.pdf |
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⚫ | |||
|pages = 297–321 |
|pages = 297–321 |
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|bibcode = 2015aste.book..297N |
|bibcode = 2015aste.book..297N |
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|doi = 10.2458/azu_uapress_9780816532131-ch016 |
|doi = 10.2458/azu_uapress_9780816532131-ch016 |
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|arxiv = 1502.01628 |
|arxiv = 1502.01628|isbn = 9780816532131 |
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|s2cid = 119280014 |
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|access-date= 29 May 2018}}</ref> |
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}}</ref> |
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<ref name="AstDys-object">{{cite web |
<ref name="AstDys-object">{{cite web |
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|title = Asteroid (182) Elsa |
|title = Asteroid (182) Elsa |
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|publisher = AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site |
|publisher = AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site |
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|url = |
|url = https://newton.spacedys.com/astdys/index.php?n=182&pc=1.1.6 |
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|accessdate = 25 May 2018}}</ref> |
|accessdate = 25 May 2018}}</ref> |
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|date = August 2014 |
|date = August 2014 |
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|title = Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos |
|title = Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos |
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|url = https://arxiv.org/pdf/1406.6645.pdf |
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|journal = The Astrophysical Journal |
|journal = The Astrophysical Journal |
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|volume = 791 |
|volume = 791 |
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|bibcode = 2014ApJ...791..121M |
|bibcode = 2014ApJ...791..121M |
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|doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121 |
|doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121 |
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|arxiv = 1406.6645 |
|arxiv = 1406.6645|s2cid = 119293330 }}</ref> |
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|access-date= 29 May 2018}}</ref> |
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<ref name="lcdb">{{cite web |
<ref name="lcdb">{{cite web |
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|title = LCDB Data for (182) Elsa |
|title = LCDB Data for (182) Elsa |
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|publisher = Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB) |
|publisher = Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB) |
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|url = http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/ |
|url = http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=182%7CElsa |
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|accessdate = 29 May 2018}}</ref> |
|accessdate = 29 May 2018}}</ref> |
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|date = October 2004 |
|date = October 2004 |
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|title = IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0 |
|title = IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0 |
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|url = https:// |
|url = https://sbnarchive.psi.edu/pds3/iras/IRAS_A_FPA_3_RDR_IMPS_V6_0/data/diamalb.tab |
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|journal = NASA Planetary Data System |
|journal = NASA Planetary Data System – IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0 |
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|pages = IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0 |
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|
|bibcode = 2004PDSS...12.....T |
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|access-date= 29 May 2018}}</ref> |
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⚫ | |||
<ref name="Marchis-2006c">{{Cite journal |
<ref name="Marchis-2006c">{{Cite journal |
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|date = November 2006 |
|date = November 2006 |
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|title = Shape, size and multiplicity of main-belt asteroids. I. Keck Adaptive Optics survey |
|title = Shape, size and multiplicity of main-belt asteroids. I. Keck Adaptive Optics survey |
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|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2006Icar..185...39M |
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|journal = Icarus |
|journal = Icarus |
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|volume = 185 |
|volume = 185 |
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|bibcode = 2006Icar..185...39M |
|bibcode = 2006Icar..185...39M |
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|doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2006.06.001 |
|doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2006.06.001 |
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⚫ | |||
|access-date= 29 May 2018}}</ref> |
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|pmc = 2600456}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Nugent-2016">{{cite journal |
<ref name="Nugent-2016">{{cite journal |
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|date = September 2016 |
|date = September 2016 |
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|title = NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Two: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos |
|title = NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Two: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos |
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|url = https://arxiv.org/pdf/1606.08923.pdf |
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|journal = The Astronomical Journal |
|journal = The Astronomical Journal |
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|volume = 152 |
|volume = 152 |
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|bibcode = 2016AJ....152...63N |
|bibcode = 2016AJ....152...63N |
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|doi = 10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/63 |
|doi = 10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/63 |
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|arxiv = 1606.08923 |
|arxiv = 1606.08923 |doi-access = free }}</ref> |
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|access-date= 29 May 2018}}</ref> |
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<ref name="AKARI">{{cite journal |
<ref name="AKARI">{{cite journal |
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|bibcode = 2011PASJ...63.1117U |
|bibcode = 2011PASJ...63.1117U |
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|doi = 10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117 |
|doi = 10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117 |
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|access-date= 17 October 2019|doi-access= |
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|
}} ([http://vizier.cfa.harvard.edu/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-source=J/PASJ/63/1117/acua_v1&Num=182 online], [https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/43545172.pdf AcuA catalog p. 153])</ref> |
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<ref name="WISE">{{cite journal |
<ref name="WISE">{{cite journal |
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|date = November 2011 |
|date = November 2011 |
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|title = NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results |
|title = NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results |
||
|url = https://arxiv.org/pdf/1109.6407v1.pdf |
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|journal = The Astrophysical Journal |
|journal = The Astrophysical Journal |
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|volume = 741 |
|volume = 741 |
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|bibcode = 2011ApJ...741...90M |
|bibcode = 2011ApJ...741...90M |
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|doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90 |
|doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90 |
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⚫ | |arxiv = 1109.6407|s2cid = 35447010 }} ([http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/741/2/68/fulltext/apj398969t1_mrt.txt catalog])</ref> |
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⚫ | |||
⚫ |
| |
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<ref name="Chang-2014a">{{cite journal |
<ref name="Chang-2014a">{{cite journal |
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|display-authors = 6 |
|display-authors = 6 |
||
|first1 = Chan-Kao |last1 = Chang |
|first1 = Chan-Kao |last1 = Chang |
||
|first2 = Wing-Huen |last2 = Ip |
|first2 = Wing-Huen |last2 = Ip |author2-link = Ip Wing-huen |
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|first3 = Hsing-Wen |last3 = Lin |
|first3 = Hsing-Wen |last3 = Lin |
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|first4 = Yu-Chi |last4 = Cheng |
|first4 = Yu-Chi |last4 = Cheng |
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|date = June 2014 |
|date = June 2014 |
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|title = 313 New Asteroid Rotation Periods from Palomar Transient Factory Observations |
|title = 313 New Asteroid Rotation Periods from Palomar Transient Factory Observations |
||
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2014ApJ...788...17C |
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|journal = The Astrophysical Journal |
|journal = The Astrophysical Journal |
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|volume = 788 |
|volume = 788 |
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|doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/788/1/17 |
|doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/788/1/17 |
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|arxiv = 1405.1144 |
|arxiv = 1405.1144 |
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| |
|s2cid = 51100134 }}</ref> |
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<ref name="Harris-1980b">{{cite journal |
<ref name="Harris-1980b">{{cite journal |
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|date = July 1980 |
|date = July 1980 |
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|title = Asteroid rotation. III - 1978 observations |
|title = Asteroid rotation. III - 1978 observations |
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|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=1980Icar...43...20H |
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|journal = Icarus |
|journal = Icarus |
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|volume = 43 |
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|issue = 1 |
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|pages = 20–32 |
|pages = 20–32 |
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|bibcode = 1980Icar...43...20H |
|bibcode = 1980Icar...43...20H |
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|doi = 10.1016/0019-1035(80)90084-6 |
|doi = 10.1016/0019-1035(80)90084-6 |
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|
}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Durech-2009">{{cite journal |
<ref name="Durech-2009">{{cite journal |
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|bibcode = 2009A&A...493..291D |
|bibcode = 2009A&A...493..291D |
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|doi = 10.1051/0004-6361:200810393 |
|doi = 10.1051/0004-6361:200810393 |
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|access-date= 24 August 2017}}</ref> |
|access-date= 24 August 2017|doi-access= free |
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}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Pilcher-2009e">{{Cite journal |
<ref name="Pilcher-2009e">{{Cite journal |
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|date = April 2009 |
|date = April 2009 |
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|title = Period Determination for 182 Elsa: A Collaboration Triumph |
|title = Period Determination for 182 Elsa: A Collaboration Triumph |
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|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2009MPBu...36...40P |
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|journal = The Minor Planet Bulletin |
|journal = The Minor Planet Bulletin |
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|volume = 36 |
|volume = 36 |
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|issn = 1052-8091 |
|issn = 1052-8091 |
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|bibcode = 2009MPBu...36...40P |
|bibcode = 2009MPBu...36...40P |
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|
}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Gandolfi-2009">{{Cite journal |
<ref name="Gandolfi-2009">{{Cite journal |
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|date = January 2009 |
|date = January 2009 |
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|title = CCD and photon-counting photometric observations of asteroids carried out at Padova and Catania observatories |
|title = CCD and photon-counting photometric observations of asteroids carried out at Padova and Catania observatories |
||
|url = https://arxiv.org/pdf/0810.1560.pdf |
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|journal = Planetary and Space Science |
|journal = Planetary and Space Science |
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|volume = 57 |
|volume = 57 |
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|bibcode = 2009P&SS...57....1G |
|bibcode = 2009P&SS...57....1G |
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|doi = 10.1016/j.pss.2008.09.014 |
|doi = 10.1016/j.pss.2008.09.014 |
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|arxiv = 0810.1560 |
|arxiv = 0810.1560|s2cid = 18929245 |
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|
}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Harris-1992">{{Cite journal |
<ref name="Harris-1992">{{Cite journal |
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|date = January 1992 |
|date = January 1992 |
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|title = Asteroid lightcurve observations from 1981 |
|title = Asteroid lightcurve observations from 1981 |
||
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=1992Icar...95..115H |
|||
|journal = Icarus |
|journal = Icarus |
||
|volume = 95 |
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|pages = 115–147.ResearchsupportedbyLowellObservatoryEndowmentandNASA |
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|issue = 1 |
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|pages = 115–147 |
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|issn = 0019-1035 |
|issn = 0019-1035 |
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|bibcode = 1992Icar...95..115H |
|bibcode = 1992Icar...95..115H |
||
|doi = 10.1016/0019-1035(92)90195-D |
|doi = 10.1016/0019-1035(92)90195-D |
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|
}}</ref> |
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}} <!-- end of reflist --> |
}} <!-- end of reflist --> |
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== External links == |
== External links == |
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* [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/lcdbsummaryquery.php Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)], query form ([http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html info]) |
* [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/lcdbsummaryquery.php Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)], query form ([http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html info] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216050541/http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html |date=16 December 2017 }}) |
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* [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books |
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books |
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⚫ | * [https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs000001.html Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000)] – Minor Planet Center |
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* [http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page_cou.html Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR] – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend |
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⚫ |
* [ |
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* {{AstDys|182}} |
* {{AstDys|182}} |
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* {{JPL small body}} |
* {{JPL small body}} |
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⚫ | |||
{{Minor planets navigator |181 Eucharis |number=182 |183 Istria}} |
{{Minor planets navigator |181 Eucharis |number=182 |183 Istria}} |
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{{Small Solar System bodies}} |
{{Small Solar System bodies}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Elsa}} |
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[[Category:Massalia asteroids|000182]] |
[[Category:Massalia asteroids|000182]] |
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[[Category:Numbered minor planets|000182]] |
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[[Category:Discoveries by Johann Palisa]] |
[[Category:Discoveries by Johann Palisa]] |
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[[Category:Minor planets named from literature]] |
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[[Category:Named minor planets]] |
[[Category:Named minor planets]] |
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[[Category:S-type asteroids (Tholen)|000182]] |
[[Category:S-type asteroids (Tholen)|000182]] |
![]()
Lightcurve-based 3D-model of Elsa
| |
Discovery[1] | |
---|---|
Discovered by | J. Palisa |
Discovery site | Austrian Naval Obs. |
Discovery date | 7 February 1878 |
Designations | |
(182) Elsa | |
Pronunciation | /ˈɛlzə/ |
Named after | uncertain; various suggestions[2] |
A878 CC; 1948 XS; 1950 HY | |
main-belt[1][3] · (inner) Massalia[4] · background[5] | |
Orbital characteristics[3] | |
Epoch 27 April 2019 (JD 2458600.5) | |
Uncertainty parameter 0 | |
Observation arc | 114.68 yr (41,886 d) |
Aphelion | 2.8656 AU |
Perihelion | 1.9657 AU |
2.4156 AU | |
Eccentricity | 0.1863 |
3.75 yr (1,371 d) | |
282.09° | |
0° 15m45s / day | |
Inclination | 2.0054° |
107.18° | |
310.85° | |
Physical characteristics | |
43.68±4.1 km[6] 44.000±4.279 km[7] 44±0.1 km[8] 45.15±0.62 km[9] 45.72±7.82 km[10] | |
80.088±0.002 h[11] | |
0.2083±0.045[6] 0.209±0.007[9] 0.21±0.08[10] 0.2106±0.0603[7] | |
Tholen = S[3] SMASS = S[3][12] B–V = 0.862[3] U–B = 0.425[3] | |
9.12[1][3][6][7][9][12] 9.14[10] 9.26±0.09[13] 9.3±0.1[14] | |
Elsa (/ˈɛlzə/; minor planet designation: 182 Elsa) is a Massalia or background asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 44 kilometers (27 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 7 February 1878, by Austrian astronomer Johann Palisa at the Austrian Naval Observatory in today's Croatia.[1] The S-type asteroid has a very long rotation period of 80 hours and likely an elongated shape.[12] The origin of its name is uncertain.[2]
Elsa is a member of the Massalia family (404),[4] a very large inner belt asteroid family consisting of stony asteroids.[15] In a different HCM-study, however, it has been found to be a non-family asteroid from the main belt's background population.[5]
It orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 2.0–2.9 AU once every 3 years and 9 months (1,371 days; semi-major axis of 2.42 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.19 and an inclination of 2° with respect to the ecliptic.[3]
The origin of this minor planet's name is uncertain.[2] Originally, the asteroid was named "Elsbeth" – the Austrian variant of "Elisabeth" – and only later changed into a more lyrical "Elsa" with the consent of the discoverer, Johann Palisa.[2] It may have been named after the character in the legend of Lohengrin perpetuated by Richard Wagner's opera of the same name.[citation needed] It may also refer to the Empress Elisabeth of Austria (1854–1898), or to a relative of Admiral Bourgignon, who requested the naming, as he was the military superior of the discoverer at the Naval Observatory at Pola. Finally, the name "Elsbeth" just might have been chosen generically as it is one of the most common feminine Christian names.[2]
Elsa has been characterized as a common, stony S-type asteroid in both the Tholen and SMASS classification.[3]
The asteroid is a relatively slow rotator.[12] In 1980, its rotation period was estimated to be about 3.3 Earth days.[13] In 2008, a collaborative effort from three different sites under the lead of Frederick Pilcher was used to build a complete lightcurve for the asteroid, which showed a period of 80.088±0.002 hours with a brightness variation of 0.30±0.03inmagnitude. A possible companion has been proposed to explain the slow rotation.[11] Other period determinations gave similar results between 80.166 and 80.23 hours with an outlier by the Palomar Transient Factory.[16][17][18][a]
Elsa has very amplified lightcurve indicating an elongated or irregular body. It was one of five minor planets included in the 1993 study, Transition Comets -- UV Search for OH Emissions in Asteroids, which was research involving amateur astronomers who were permitted to make use of the Hubble Space Telescope.
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Elsa measures between 36 and 45.72 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.196 and 0.2106.[19][20][6][7][9][10]
During 2002, Elsa was also observed by radar from the Arecibo Observatory. The return signal matched an effective diameter of 44±10 km.[8]