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→Races leading to the 31st Congress: Maryland, Missouri, New Hampshire
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Free Soil hex in map caption : from b4a722ff to b4a72f
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{{Short description|none}} |
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{{Infobox Election |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}} |
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| election_name = United States Senate elections, 1848 and 1849 |
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{{Infobox election |
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| country = United States |
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| election_name = 1848–49 United States Senate elections |
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| flag_year = 1848 |
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| country = United States |
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| type = legislative |
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| flag_year = 1848 |
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| ongoing = no |
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| type = legislative |
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| previous_election = United States Senate elections, 1846 and 1847 |
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| ongoing = no |
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| previous_year = 1846 / 1847 |
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| |
| previous_election = 1846–47 United States Senate elections |
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| previous_year = {{Nowrap|1846 & 1847}} |
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| next_year = 1850 / 1851 |
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| |
| next_election = 1850–51 United States Senate elections |
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| next_year = {{Nowrap|1850 & 1851}} |
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| election_date = Various dates |
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| seats_for_election = 19 of the 60 seats in the [[United States Senate]] (with special elections) |
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| 1blank = Seats up |
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| majority_seats = 31 |
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| election_date = Various dates |
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| image_size = 100px |
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| 1blank = Seats up |
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| party1 = Democratic Party (US) |
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| image1 = |
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| last_election1 = '''35 seats''' |
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| seats_before1 = '''38''' |
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| seats1 = '''9''' |
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| seats_after1 = '''33''' |
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| seat_change1 = {{decrease}} 5 |
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| 1data1 = 14 |
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| party2 = Whig Party (US) |
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| image2 = |
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| last_election2 = 19 seats |
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| seats_before2 = 21 |
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| seats2 = '''9''' |
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| seats_after2 = 25 |
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| seat_change2 = {{increase}} 4 |
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| 1data2 = 5 |
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| party4 = Independent Democratic |
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| image4 = |
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| last_election4 = 1 seat |
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| seats_before4 = 0 |
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| seats4 = 0 |
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| seats_after4 = 1 |
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| seat_change4 = {{steady}} |
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| 1data4 = 0 |
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| party5 = Free Soil Party |
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| image5 = |
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| seats_before5 = ''New party'' |
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| seats5 = 1 |
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| seats_after5 = 1 |
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| seat_change5 = {{increase}} 1 |
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| title = Majority Party |
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| before_election = |
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| before_party = Democratic Party (US) |
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| after_election = |
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| after_party = Democratic Party (US) |
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| map_image = File:1848senatemap.svg |
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| map_caption = '''Results:'''<br />{{Legend0|#0671B0|Democratic gain}} {{Legend0|#92C5DE|Democratic hold}} <br />{{Legend0|#c49213|Whig gain}} |
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{{Legend0|#f3d586|Whig hold}}<br />{{legend0|#b4a72f|Free Soil Gain}} |
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| map_size = 380px |
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}} |
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The '''1848–49 United States Senate elections''' were held on various dates in various states. As these [[United States Senate|U.S. Senate]] elections were prior to the ratification of the [[Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|Seventeenth Amendment]] in 1913, senators were chosen by [[State legislature (United States)|state legislatures]]. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1848 and 1849, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to [[Gridlock (politics)|legislative deadlock]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/17th-amendment|title=17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913)|website=National Archives and Records Administration|date=February 8, 2022}}</ref> In these elections, terms were up for the senators in [[Classes of United States senators|Class 3]]. |
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The [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]] lost seats but maintained control of the Senate. |
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| party1 = Democratic Party (United States) |
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<!-- |
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| last_election1 = '''27 (52.9%)''' |
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| seats_before1 = |
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| seats1 = |
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| seat_change1 = {{increase}} 3 |
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| 1data1 = 8 |
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--> |
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== Results == |
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| party2 = Whig Party (United States) |
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Senate party division, [[31st United States Congress|31st Congress]] (1849–1851) |
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<!-- |
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* Majority party: Democratic (33–36) |
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| last_election2 = 24 (47.1%) |
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* Minority party: Whig Party (25–24) |
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| seats_before2 = |
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* Other parties: Free Soil (2) |
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| seats2 = |
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* '''Total seats: 60–62''' |
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| seat_change2 = {{decrease}} 4 |
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| 1data2 = 10 |
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--> |
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== Change in Senate composition == |
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| party4 = Independent Democratic |
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<!-- |
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| last_election4 = 0 (0.0%) |
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| seats_before4 = 0 (0.0%)--> |
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| seats4 = 1 <!--(2.0%)--> |
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| seat_change4 = {{decrease}} 1 |
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<!--| 1data4 = 0 |
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--> |
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=== Before the elections === |
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| party5 = Free Soil Party |
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<!-- |
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| last_election5 = 0 (0.0%) |
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| seats_before5 = 0 (0.0%)--> |
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| seats5 = 2 <!--(2.0%)--> |
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| seat_change5 = {{increase}} 2<!-- |
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| 1data5 = 0 |
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--> |
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width=750px |
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| title = Majority Party |
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| before_election = Democratic Party |
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| after_election = Democratic Party |
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}} |
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|- |
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The '''United States Senate elections of 1848 and 1848''' were elections which had the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]] lose seats but maintain control of the [[United States Senate]]. |
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| width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>1</sub> |
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| width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>2</sub> |
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| width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>3</sub> |
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| width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>4</sub> |
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| width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>5</sub> |
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| width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>6</sub> |
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| width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>7</sub> |
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| width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>8</sub> |
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| width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>9</sub> |
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| width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>10</sub> |
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|- |
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As this election was prior to ratification of the [[Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|seventeenth amendment]], Senators were chosen by [[State legislature (United States)|State legislatures]]. |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>20</sub> |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>19</sub> |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>18</sub> |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>17</sub> |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>16</sub> |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>15</sub> |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>14</sub> |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>13</sub> |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>12</sub> |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>11</sub> |
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|- |
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==Senate Party Division, [[31st United States Congress|31st Congress]] (1849–1851)== |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>21</sub> |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>22</sub> |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>23</sub> |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>24</sub> |
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! {{party shading/Democratic active}} | D<sub>25</sub><br /><small>Ran</small> |
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! {{party shading/Democratic active}} | D<sub>26</sub><br /><small>Ran</small> |
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! {{party shading/Democratic active}} | D<sub>27</sub><br /><small>Ran</small> |
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! {{party shading/Democratic active}} | D<sub>28</sub><br /><small>Ran</small> |
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! {{party shading/Democratic active}} | D<sub>29</sub><br /><small>Ran</small> |
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! {{party shading/Democratic active}} | D<sub>30</sub><br /><small>Ran</small> |
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|- |
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* Minority Party: Whig Party (25) |
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| colspan=9 align=right | '''Majority →''' |
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! rowspan=2 {{party shading/Democratic active}} | D<sub>31</sub><br /><small>Ran</small> |
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|- |
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* Other Parties: Free Soil (2) |
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! {{party shading/Whig active}} | W<sub>21</sub><br /><small>Unknown</small> |
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| {{party shading/Independent Democratic}} | ID<sub>1</sub> |
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! {{party shading/Democratic active}} | D<sub>38</sub><br /><small>Retired</small> |
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! {{party shading/Democratic active}} | D<sub>37</sub><br /><small>Retired</small> |
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! {{party shading/Democratic active}} | D<sub>36</sub><br /><small>Retired</small> |
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! {{party shading/Democratic active}} | D<sub>35</sub><br /><small>Retired</small> |
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! {{party shading/Democratic active}} | D<sub>34</sub><br /><small>Unknown</small> |
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! {{party shading/Democratic active}} | D<sub>33</sub><br /><small>Ran</small> |
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! {{party shading/Democratic active}} | D<sub>32</sub><br /><small>Ran</small> |
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|- |
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* '''Total Seats: 62''' |
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! {{party shading/Whig active}} | W<sub>20</sub><br /><small>Ran</small> |
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! {{party shading/Whig active}} | W<sub>19</sub><br /><small>Ran</small> |
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! {{party shading/Whig active}} | W<sub>18</sub><br /><small>Ran</small> |
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! {{party shading/Whig active}} | W<sub>17</sub><br /><small>Ran</small> |
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| {{party shading/Whig}} | W<sub>16</sub> |
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| {{party shading/Whig}} | W<sub>15</sub> |
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| {{party shading/Whig}} | W<sub>14</sub> |
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| {{party shading/Whig}} | W<sub>13</sub> |
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| {{party shading/Whig}} | W<sub>12</sub> |
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| {{party shading/Whig}} | W<sub>11</sub> |
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|- |
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== Change in Senate composition == |
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| {{party shading/Whig}} | W<sub>1</sub> |
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| {{party shading/Whig}} | W<sub>2</sub> |
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| {{party shading/Whig}} | W<sub>3</sub> |
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| {{party shading/Whig}} | W<sub>4</sub> |
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| {{party shading/Whig}} | W<sub>5</sub> |
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| {{party shading/Whig}} | W<sub>6</sub> |
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| {{party shading/Whig}} | W<sub>7</sub> |
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| {{party shading/Whig}} | W<sub>8</sub> |
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| {{party shading/Whig}} | W<sub>9</sub> |
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| {{party shading/Whig}} | W<sub>10</sub> |
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|} |
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{| cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 |
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|- valign=top |
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| <!-- Previous Congress --> |
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width=300px |
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! colspan=10 | Before the elections |
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=== As a result of the elections === |
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|- <!-- row 1 of 6 --> |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D |
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width=750px |
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|- <!-- row 2 of 6 --> |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D |
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|- |
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|- <!-- row 3 of 6 --> |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D |
| width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>1</sub> |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D |
| width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>2</sub> |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D |
| width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>3</sub> |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D |
| width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>4</sub> |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D |
| width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>5</sub> |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D |
| width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>6</sub> |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D |
| width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>7</sub> |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D |
| width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>8</sub> |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D |
| width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>9</sub> |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D |
| width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>10</sub> |
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|- |
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|- <!-- Majority divider --> |
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| |
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>20</sub> |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>19</sub> |
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| colspan=9 bgcolor=black | |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>18</sub> |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>17</sub> |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>16</sub> |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>15</sub> |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>14</sub> |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>13</sub> |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>12</sub> |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>11</sub> |
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|- |
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|- <!-- row 4 of 6 --> |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D |
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>21</sub> |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D |
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>22</sub> |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D |
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>23</sub> |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D |
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>24</sub> |
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! {{party shading/Democratic active}} | D<sub>25</sub><br /><small>Re-elected</small> |
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! {{party shading/Democratic active}} | D<sub>26</sub><br /><small>Re-elected</small> |
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! {{party shading/Democratic active}} | D<sub>27</sub><br /><small>Re-elected</small> |
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! {{party shading/Democratic active}} | D<sub>28</sub><br /><small>Re-elected</small> |
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! {{party shading/Democratic active}} | D<sub>29</sub><br /><small>Re-elected</small> |
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! {{party shading/Democratic active}} | D<sub>30</sub><br /><small>Hold</small> |
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|- |
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|- <!-- row 5 of 6 --> |
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| colspan=9 align=right | '''Majority →''' |
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| {{party shading/Whig}} | W |
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! rowspan=2 {{party shading/Democratic active}} | D<sub>31</sub><br /><small>Hold</small> |
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| {{party shading/Whig}} | W |
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| {{party shading/Whig}} | W |
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| {{party shading/Whig}} | W |
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| {{party shading/Whig}} | W |
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| {{party shading/Whig}} | W |
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| {{party shading/Whig}} | W |
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| {{party shading/Whig}} | W |
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| {{party shading/Whig}} | W |
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|- |
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|- <!-- row 7 of 6 --> |
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! {{party shading/Whig active}} | W<sub>21</sub><br /><small>Gain</small> |
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! {{party shading/Whig active}} | W<sub>22</sub><br /><small>Gain</small> |
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! {{party shading/Whig active}} | W<sub>23</sub><br /><small>Gain</small> |
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! {{party shading/Whig active}} | W<sub>24</sub><br /><small>Gain</small> |
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! {{party shading/Whig active}} | W<sub>25</sub><br /><small>Gain</small> |
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| {{party shading/ |
| {{party shading/Independent Democratic}} | ID<sub>1</sub> |
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! {{party shading/Free Soil active}} | FS<sub>1</sub><br /><small>Gain</small> |
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! {{party shading/Democratic active}} | D<sub>33</sub><br /><small>Gain</small> |
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! {{party shading/Democratic active}} | D<sub>32</sub><br /><small>Hold</small> |
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| {{party shading/Whig}} | W |
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|- |
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! {{party shading/Whig active}} | W<sub>20</sub><br /><small>Hold</small> |
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! {{party shading/Whig active}} | W<sub>19</sub><br /><small>Re-elected</small> |
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! {{party shading/Whig active}} | W<sub>18</sub><br /><small>Re-elected</small> |
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! {{party shading/Whig active}} | W<sub>17</sub><br /><small>Re-elected</small> |
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| {{party shading/Whig}} | W<sub>16</sub> |
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| {{party shading/Whig}} | W<sub>15</sub> |
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| {{party shading/Whig}} | W<sub>14</sub> |
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| {{party shading/Whig}} | W<sub>13</sub> |
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| {{party shading/Whig}} | W<sub>12</sub> |
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| {{party shading/Whig}} | W<sub>11</sub> |
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|- |
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| {{party shading/Whig}} | W<sub>1</sub> |
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| {{party shading/Whig}} | W<sub>2</sub> |
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| {{party shading/Whig}} | W<sub>3</sub> |
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| {{party shading/Whig}} | W<sub>4</sub> |
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| {{party shading/Whig}} | W<sub>5</sub> |
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| {{party shading/Whig}} | W<sub>6</sub> |
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| {{party shading/Whig}} | W<sub>7</sub> |
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| {{party shading/Whig}} | W<sub>8</sub> |
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| {{party shading/Whig}} | W<sub>9</sub> |
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| {{party shading/Whig}} | W<sub>10</sub> |
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|} |
|} |
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Note: "Re-elected" includes incumbent appointee elected to the next term. |
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=== Beginning of the next Congress === |
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width=300px |
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! colspan=10 | Beginning of the [[31st United States Congress|next Congress]] |
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width=750px |
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|- <!-- row 1 of 6 --> |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D |
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|- |
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|- <!-- row 2 of 6 --> |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D |
| width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>1</sub> |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D |
| width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>2</sub> |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D |
| width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>3</sub> |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D |
| width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>4</sub> |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D |
| width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>5</sub> |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D |
| width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>6</sub> |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D |
| width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>7</sub> |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D |
| width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>8</sub> |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D |
| width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>9</sub> |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D |
| width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>10</sub> |
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|- |
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|- <!-- row 3 of 6 --> |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D |
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>20</sub> |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D |
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>19</sub> |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D |
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>18</sub> |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D |
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>17</sub> |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D |
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>16</sub> |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D |
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>15</sub> |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D |
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>14</sub> |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D |
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>13</sub> |
||
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D |
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>12</sub> |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D |
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>11</sub> |
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|- |
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|- <!-- Majority divider --> |
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| |
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>21</sub> |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>22</sub> |
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| colspan=9 bgcolor=black | |
|||
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>23</sub> |
|||
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>24</sub> |
|||
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>25</sub> |
|||
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>26</sub> |
|||
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>27</sub> |
|||
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>28</sub> |
|||
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>29</sub> |
|||
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>30</sub> |
|||
|- |
|||
|- <!-- row 4 of 6 --> |
|||
| colspan=9 align=right | '''Majority →''' |
|||
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D |
|||
| {{party shading/ |
| rowspan=2 {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>31</sub> |
||
| {{party shading/Free Soil}} | F |
|||
| {{party shading/Whig}} | W |
|||
| {{party shading/Whig}} | W |
|||
| {{party shading/Whig}} | W |
|||
| {{party shading/Whig}} | W |
|||
| {{party shading/Whig}} | W |
|||
| {{party shading/Whig}} | W |
|||
|- |
|||
|- <!-- row 5 of 6 --> |
|||
| {{party shading/Whig}} | W |
| {{party shading/Whig}} | W<sub>21</sub> |
||
| {{party shading/Whig}} | W |
| {{party shading/Whig}} | W<sub>22</sub> |
||
| {{party shading/Whig}} | W |
| {{party shading/Whig}} | W<sub>23</sub> |
||
| {{party shading/Whig}} | W |
| {{party shading/Whig}} | W<sub>24</sub> |
||
| {{party shading/Whig}} | W |
| {{party shading/Whig}} | W<sub>25</sub> |
||
|
! {{party shading/Free Soil active}} | FS<sub>2</sub> |
||
| {{party shading/ |
| {{party shading/Free Soil}} | FS<sub>1</sub> |
||
| {{party shading/ |
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>33</sub> |
||
| {{party shading/ |
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>32</sub> |
||
| {{party shading/Whig}} | W |
|||
|- |
|||
|- <!-- row 7 of 6 --> |
|||
| {{party shading/Whig}} | W |
| {{party shading/Whig}} | W<sub>20</sub> |
||
| {{party shading/Whig}} | W |
| {{party shading/Whig}} | W<sub>19</sub> |
||
| {{party shading/Whig}} | W |
| {{party shading/Whig}} | W<sub>18</sub> |
||
| {{party shading/Whig}} | W |
| {{party shading/Whig}} | W<sub>17</sub> |
||
| {{party shading/Whig}} | W |
| {{party shading/Whig}} | W<sub>16</sub> |
||
| {{party shading/Whig}} | W |
| {{party shading/Whig}} | W<sub>15</sub> |
||
| {{party shading/Whig}} | W |
| {{party shading/Whig}} | W<sub>14</sub> |
||
| {{party shading/Whig}} | W |
| {{party shading/Whig}} | W<sub>13</sub> |
||
| {{party shading/Whig}} | W |
| {{party shading/Whig}} | W<sub>12</sub> |
||
| {{party shading/ |
| {{party shading/Whig}} | W<sub>11</sub> |
||
|- |
|||
|} <!-- end of previous congress --> |
|||
| {{party shading/Whig}} | W<sub>1</sub> |
|||
|} <!-- end of table --> |
|||
| {{party shading/Whig}} | W<sub>2</sub> |
|||
{| |
|||
| {{party shading/Whig}} | W<sub>3</sub> |
|||
|- valign=top |
|||
| {{party shading/Whig}} | W<sub>4</sub> |
|||
! Key: |
|||
| {{party shading/Whig}} | W<sub>5</sub> |
|||
| |
|||
| {{party shading/Whig}} | W<sub>6</sub> |
|||
| {{party shading/Whig}} | W<sub>7</sub> |
|||
| {{party shading/Whig}} | W<sub>8</sub> |
|||
| {{party shading/Whig}} | W<sub>9</sub> |
|||
| {{party shading/Whig}} | W<sub>10</sub> |
|||
|} |
|||
{| |
{| |
||
|- valign=top |
|||
| align=center width=25px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D || = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] |
|||
| Key: |
|||
| |
|||
{| class=wikitable |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| align=center width= |
| align=center width=35px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>#</sub> |
||
| [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| align=center width= |
| align=center width=35px {{party shading/Independent Democratic}} | ID<sub>#</sub> |
||
| [[Independent Democratic]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| align=center width= |
| align=center width=35px {{party shading/Free Soil}} | FS<sub>#</sub> |
||
| [[Free Soil Party|Free Soil]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| align=center width= |
| align=center width=35px {{party shading/Whig}} | W<sub>#</sub> |
||
| [[Whig Party (United States)|Whig]] |
|||
|} |
|||
| |
|||
{| style="text-align:center" |
|||
| Majority |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| align=center width=35px {{party shading/Vacant}} | V<sub>#</sub> |
|||
| bgcolor=black | |
|||
| Vacant |
|||
|- |
|||
| divider |
|||
|} |
|} |
||
|} |
|} |
||
== Race summaries == |
== Race summaries == |
||
=== Special elections during the 30th Congress === |
=== Special elections during the 30th Congress === |
||
In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1848 or in 1849 before March 4; ordered by election date. |
In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1848 or in 1849 before March 4; ordered by election date. |
||
| Line 275: | Line 354: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[List of United States |
| [[List of United States senators from Mississippi|Mississippi]]<br />(Class 1) |
||
| [[ |
| [[Jefferson Davis]] |
||
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
|||
| nowrap | 1847 {{small|(Appointed)}} |
|||
| Interim appointee [[United States Senate special election in Mississippi, 1848|elected]] '''January 11, 1848'''.{{sfn | Byrd | page=129}} |
|||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}'''{{aye}} [[Jefferson Davis]]''' (Democratic) |
|||
* {{data missing|date=February 2020}} |
|||
}} |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[List of United States senators from Connecticut|Connecticut]]<br />(Class 1) |
|||
| [[Roger Sherman Baldwin|Roger S. Baldwin]] |
|||
| {{party shading/Whig}} | Whig |
| {{party shading/Whig}} | Whig |
||
| nowrap | 1847 {{small|(Appointed)}} |
|||
| {{dm}} |
|||
| |
| Interim appointee [[United States Senate special election in Connecticut, 1848|elected]] '''May 1848'''. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
|||
| nowrap | '''√ [[Roger Sherman Baldwin|Roger S. Baldwin]]''' (Whig)<br/>{{dm}} |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Whig Party (US)}}'''{{aye}} [[Roger Sherman Baldwin|Roger S. Baldwin]]''' (Whig) |
|||
* {{data missing|date=February 2020}} |
|||
}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[List of United States |
| [[List of United States senators from Maine|Maine]]<br />(Class 1) |
||
| [[Wyman B. S. Moor]] |
| [[Wyman B. S. Moor]] |
||
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
||
| nowrap | 1848 {{small|(Appointed)}} |
|||
| {{dm}} |
|||
| {{Party shading/Hold}} | Interim appointee retired when successor [[United States Senate special election in Maine, 1848|elected]] '''June 7, 1848'''.<br/>Democratic hold. |
| {{Party shading/Democratic/Hold}} | Interim appointee retired when successor [[United States Senate special election in Maine, 1848|elected]] '''June 7, 1848'''.<br />Democratic hold. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
|||
| nowrap | '''√ [[Hannibal Hamlin]]''' (Democratic)<br/>{{dm}} |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}'''{{aye}} [[Hannibal Hamlin]]''' (Democratic) |
|||
* {{data missing|date=February 2020}} |
|||
}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[List of United States |
| [[List of United States senators from Wisconsin|Wisconsin]]<br />(Class 1) |
||
| colspan=3 | New |
| colspan=3 rowspan=2 | ''New state'' |
||
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | Wisconsin admitted to the Union May 29, 1848.<br/>First |
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | Wisconsin admitted to the Union May 29, 1848.<br />First senators [[United States Senate elections in Wisconsin, 1848|elected]] '''June 8, 1848'''.<br />'''Democratic gain'''. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
|||
| nowrap | '''√ [[Henry Dodge]]''' (Democratic)<br/>{{dm}} |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}'''{{aye}} [[Henry Dodge]]''' (Democratic) |
|||
* {{data missing|date=February 2020}} |
|||
}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[List of United States |
| [[List of United States senators from Wisconsin|Wisconsin]]<br />(Class 3) |
||
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | Wisconsin admitted to the Union May 29, 1848.<br />First senators [[United States Senate elections in Wisconsin, 1848|elected]] '''June 8, 1848'''.<br />'''Democratic gain'''. |
|||
| colspan=3 | New State |
|||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
|||
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | Wisconsin admitted to the Union May 29, 1848.<br/>First Senator [[United States Senate elections in Wisconsin, 1848|elected]] '''June 8, 1848'''.<br/>'''Democratic gain'''. |
|||
|
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}'''{{aye}} [[Isaac P. Walker]]''' (Democratic) |
||
* {{data missing|date=February 2020}} |
|||
}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[List of United States |
| [[List of United States senators from Alabama|Alabama]]<br />(Class 3) |
||
| [[Arthur P. Bagby]] |
| [[Arthur P. Bagby]] |
||
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
||
| nowrap | [[United States Senate special election in Alabama, 1841|1841 <small>(special)</small>]]<br />[[United States Senate election in Alabama, 1842|1842]] |
|||
| {{dm}} |
|||
| {{Party shading/Hold}} | Incumbent resigned June 16, 1848 to become [[United States Ambassador to Russia|U.S. Minister to Russia]].<br/>Successor [[United States Senate special election in Alabama, 1848|elected]] '''July 1, 1848'''.<br/>Democratic hold. |
| {{Party shading/Democratic/Hold}} | Incumbent resigned June 16, 1848 to become [[United States Ambassador to Russia|U.S. Minister to Russia]].<br />Successor [[United States Senate special election in Alabama, 1848|elected]] '''July 1, 1848'''.<br />Democratic hold. |
||
| nowrap |{{Plainlist| |
|||
| nowrap | '''√ [[William R. King]]''' (Democratic)<br/>{{dm}} |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}'''{{aye}} [[William R. King]]''' (Democratic) |
|||
* {{data missing|date=February 2020}} |
|||
}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[List of United States |
| [[List of United States senators from Arkansas|Arkansas]]<br />(Class 2) |
||
| [[William K. Sebastian]] |
|||
| colspan=3 | New State |
|||
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
|||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Iowa was admitted to the Union December 28, 1846.<br/>Legislature had failed to elect due to a three-way split that prevented any candidate from earning the required number of 30 legislators' votes.<ref name=clark>{{cite web | first=Dan Elbert | last=Clark | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jXJDAAAAIAAJ&printsec=titlepage | title=History of Senatorial Elections in Iowa | pages= 17–46, 72–79 | location=Iowa | date=1913}}</ref><br/>First Senator [[United States Senate elections in Iowa, 1848|elected]] '''December 7, 1848'''.<br/>'''Democratic gain'''. |
|||
| nowrap | |
| nowrap | 1848 {{small|(Appointed)}} |
||
| Interim appointee [[United States Senate special election in Arkansas, 1848|elected]] '''November 17, 1848'''.{{sfn | Byrd | page=164}} |
|||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}'''{{aye}} [[William K. Sebastian]]''' (Democratic) |
|||
* {{data missing|date=February 2020}} |
|||
}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[List of United States |
| [[List of United States senators from Iowa|Iowa]]<br />(Class 2) |
||
| colspan=3 | New |
| colspan=3 rowspan=2 | ''New state'' |
||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Iowa was admitted to the Union December 28, 1846.<br/>Legislature had failed to elect due to a three-way split that prevented any candidate from earning the required number of 30 legislators' votes. |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Iowa was admitted to the Union December 28, 1846.<br />Legislature had failed to elect due to a three-way split that prevented any candidate from earning the required number of 30 legislators' votes.{{sfn | Clark | pages=17–46, 72–79}}<br />First senators [[United States Senate elections in Iowa, 1848|elected]] '''December 7, 1848'''.<br />'''Democratic gain'''. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
|||
| nowrap | '''√ [[Augustus C. Dodge]]''' (Democratic)<br/>{{dm}} |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}'''{{aye}} [[George Wallace Jones]]''' (Democratic) |
|||
* {{data missing|date=February 2020}} |
|||
}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[List of United States |
| [[List of United States senators from Iowa|Iowa]]<br />(Class 3) |
||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Iowa was admitted to the Union December 28, 1846.<br />Legislature had failed to elect due to a three-way split that prevented any candidate from earning the required number of 30 legislators' votes.{{sfn | Clark | pages=17–46, 72–79}}<br />First senators [[United States Senate elections in Iowa, 1848|elected]] '''December 7, 1848'''.<br />'''Democratic gain'''. |
|||
| [[John M. Clayton]] |
|||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}'''{{aye}} [[Augustus C. Dodge]]''' (Democratic) |
|||
* {{data missing|date=February 2020}} |
|||
}} |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[List of United States senators from Kentucky|Kentucky]]<br />(Class 3) |
|||
| [[Thomas Metcalfe (Kentucky)|Thomas Metcalfe]] |
|||
| {{party shading/Whig}} | Whig |
| {{party shading/Whig}} | Whig |
||
| nowrap | 1848 {{small|(Appointed)}} |
|||
| {{dm}} |
|||
| |
| Interim appointee [[United States Senate special election in Kentucky, 1849|elected]] '''January 3, 1849'''.{{sfn | Byrd | page=112}} |
||
| nowrap | |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
||
* {{Party stripe|Whig Party (US)}}'''{{aye}} [[Thomas Metcalfe (Kentucky politician)|Thomas Metcalfe]]''' (Whig) 88 votes |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}} [[Lazarus W. Powell]] (Democratic) 38 votes<ref>{{cite book |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=1848 |title=Journal of the Senate of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, begun and held in the Town of Frankfort, on Saturday 30th December 1848 |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b2881217&view=1up&seq=30&skin=2021 |location=Frankfort, KY |publisher=A. G. Hodges & Co, State Printers |page=26 }}</ref> |
|||
}} |
|||
| |
|- |
||
| [[List of United States senators from Michigan|Michigan]]<br />(Class 1) |
|||
| [[Thomas Fitzgerald (American politician)|Thomas Fitzgerald]] |
|||
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
|||
| nowrap | 1848 {{small|(Appointed)}} |
|||
| {{Party shading/Democratic/Hold}} | Interim appointee retired.<br />Successor [[United States Senate special election in Michigan, 1849|elected]] '''January 20, 1849''', but did not take his seat until March 4, 1849.<br />Democratic hold. |
|||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}'''{{aye}} [[Lewis Cass]]''' (Democratic) |
|||
* {{data missing|date=February 2020}} |
|||
}} |
|||
|- |
|||
In two states, interim Senators were appointed during this time, then later elected on an unknown date, '''perhaps''' during this time: |
|||
| [[List of United States senators from Delaware|Delaware]]<br />(Class 1) |
|||
# [[William K. Sebastian]] (D-Arkansas class 2) was appointed May 12, 1848 to replace [[Chester Ashley]] (D), who had died April 29, 1848. |
|||
| [[John M. Clayton]] |
|||
# [[Thomas Metcalfe (Kentucky)|Thomas Metcalfe]] (W-Kentucky class 3) was appointed June 23, 1848 to replace [[John J. Crittenden]] (W), who had resigned June 12, 1848. |
|||
| {{party shading/Whig}} | Whig |
|||
| nowrap | [[United States Senate election in Delaware, 1829|1829]]<br />[[United States Senate election in Delaware, 1835|1835]] |
|||
| {{Party shading/Whig/Hold}} | Incumbent resigned February 23, 1849 to become [[U.S. Secretary of State]].<br />Successor [[United States Senate special election in Delaware, 1849|elected]] '''February 23, 1849'''.<br />Whig hold. |
|||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Whig Party (US)}}'''{{aye}} [[John Wales]]''' (Whig) |
|||
* {{data missing|date=February 2020}} |
|||
}} |
|||
|} |
|||
=== Races leading to the 31st Congress === |
=== Races leading to the 31st Congress === |
||
In these regular elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1849; ordered by state. |
|||
{{Under construction | section = yes}} |
|||
In these general elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1849; ordered by state. |
|||
All of the elections involved the Class 3 seats. |
All of the elections involved the Class 3 seats. |
||
| Line 355: | Line 494: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[List of United States |
| [[List of United States senators from Alabama|Alabama]] |
||
| [[William R. King]] |
| [[William R. King]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
||
| nowrap | [[United States Senate special election in Alabama, 1848|1848 ( |
| nowrap | [[United States Senate special election in Alabama, 1848|1848 <small>(special)</small>]] |
||
| Incumbent re-elected in 1848 or 1849. |
| Incumbent re-elected in 1848 or 1849. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
|||
| nowrap | '''√ [[William R. King]]''' (Democratic)<br/>{{dm}} |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}'''{{aye}} [[William R. King]]''' (Democratic) |
|||
* {{data missing|date=February 2020}} |
|||
}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[List of United States |
| [[List of United States senators from Arkansas|Arkansas]] |
||
| [[Solon Borland]] |
| [[Solon Borland]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
||
| nowrap | 1848 (Appointed) |
| nowrap | 1848 {{small|(Appointed)}} |
||
| Incumbent appointee [[United States Senate election in Arkansas, 1848|elected to a full term]] in November 1848.<ref name=Ark>http://www.encyclopediaofarkansas.net/encyclopedia/entry-detail.aspx?search=1&entryID=1595</ref> |
| Incumbent appointee [[United States Senate election in Arkansas, 1848|elected to a full term]] in November 1848.<ref name=Ark>{{Cite web|url=http://www.encyclopediaofarkansas.net/encyclopedia/entry-detail.aspx?search=1&entryID=1595|title=Encyclopedia of Arkansas}}</ref> |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
|||
| nowrap | '''√ [[Solon Borland]]''' (Democratic)<br/>[[Ambrose Hundley Sevier|Ambrose Sevier]] (Democratic)<ref name=Ark/><br/>{{dm}} |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}'''{{aye}} [[Solon Borland]]''' (Democratic) |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}[[Ambrose Hundley Sevier|Ambrose Sevier]] (Democratic)<ref name=Ark/> |
|||
* {{data missing|date=February 2020}} |
|||
}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[List of United States |
| [[List of United States senators from Connecticut|Connecticut]] |
||
| [[John Milton Niles|John M. Niles]] |
| [[John Milton Niles|John M. Niles]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
||
| nowrap | [[United States Senate election in Connecticut, 1842|1842]] |
| nowrap | [[United States Senate election in Connecticut, 1842|1842]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Whig}} | Incumbent retired.<br/>Winner elected in 1848 or 1849.<br/>'''Whig gain'''. |
| {{Party shading/Whig}} | Incumbent retired.<br />Winner elected in 1848 or 1849.<br />'''Whig gain'''. |
||
| nowrap | |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
||
* {{Party stripe|Whig Party (US)}}'''{{aye}} [[Truman Smith]]''' (Whig) |
|||
* {{data missing|date=February 2020}} |
|||
}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[List of United States |
| [[List of United States senators from Florida|Florida]] |
||
| [[James Westcott]] |
| [[James Westcott]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
||
| nowrap | [[United States Senate |
| nowrap | [[United States Senate electionsinFlorida, 1845|1845]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Whig}} | Incumbent retired.<br/>Winner |
| {{Party shading/Whig}} | Incumbent retired.<br />Winner [[United States Senate electionin Florida, 1848|elected]] in 1848.<br />'''Whig gain'''. |
||
| nowrap | |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
||
* {{Party stripe|Whig Party (US)}}'''{{aye}} [[Jackson Morton]]''' (Whig) |
|||
* {{data missing|date=February 2020}} |
|||
}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[List of United States |
| [[List of United States senators from Georgia|Georgia]] |
||
| [[Herschel Vespasian Johnson]] |
| [[Herschel Vespasian Johnson]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
||
| nowrap | 1848 (Appointed) |
| nowrap | 1848 {{small|(Appointed)}} |
||
| {{Party shading/Whig}} | Incumbent retired.<br/>Winner [[United States Senate election in Georgia, 1847|elected]] in 1847.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=p90RAAAAYAAJ& |
| {{Party shading/Whig}} | Incumbent retired.<br />Winner [[United States Senate election in Georgia, 1847|elected]] in 1847.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p90RAAAAYAAJ&q=%22william+c.+dawson%22&pg=PA427 | title=Stryker's American Register and Magazine| year=1849}}</ref><br />'''Whig gain'''. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
|||
| nowrap | '''√ [[William Crosby Dawson]]''' (Whig)<br/>{{dm}} |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Whig Party (US)}}'''{{aye}} [[William Crosby Dawson]]''' (Whig) |
|||
* {{data missing|date=February 2020}} |
|||
}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[List of United States |
| [[List of United States senators from Illinois|Illinois]] |
||
| [[Sidney Breese]] |
| [[Sidney Breese]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
||
| nowrap | [[United States Senate election in Illinois, 1843|1843]] |
| nowrap | [[United States Senate election in Illinois, 1843|1843]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Hold}} | Incumbent lost renomination.<br/> |
| {{Party shading/Democratic/Hold}} | Incumbent lost renomination.<br />New senator [[United States Senate electioninIllinois, 1849|elected]] January 13, 1849.<br />Democratic hold. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
|||
| nowrap | '''√ [[James Shields (politician, born 1810)|James Shields]]''' (Democratic)<br/>{{dm}} |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}'''{{aye}} [[James Shields (politician, born 1810)|James Shields]]''' (Democratic) |
|||
* {{data missing|date=February 2020}} |
|||
}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[List of United States |
| [[List of United States senators from Indiana|Indiana]] |
||
| [[Edward A. Hannegan]] |
| [[Edward A. Hannegan]] |
||
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
||
| nowrap | [[United States Senate election in Indiana, 1842|1842]] |
| nowrap | [[United States Senate election in Indiana, 1842|1842]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Hold}} | Incumbent lost renomination.<br/>Winner [[United States Senate election in |
| {{Party shading/Democratic/Hold}} | Incumbent lost renomination.<br />Winner [[United States Senate election in Indiana, 1848|elected]] in 1848.<br />Democratic hold. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
|||
| nowrap | '''√ [[James Whitcomb]]''' (Democratic)<br/>{{dm}} |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}'''{{aye}} [[James Whitcomb]]''' (Democratic) |
|||
* {{data missing|date=February 2020}} |
|||
}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[List of United States |
| [[List of United States senators from Kentucky|Kentucky]] |
||
| [[Thomas Metcalfe]] |
| [[Thomas Metcalfe (Kentucky)|Thomas Metcalfe]] |
||
| {{party shading/Whig}} | Whig |
| {{party shading/Whig}} | Whig |
||
| nowrap | 1848 (Appointed)<br/>? ( |
| nowrap | 1848 {{small|(Appointed)}}<br />?{{small|(special)}} |
||
| {{Party shading/Hold}} | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election.<br/>Winner [[United States Senate election in Kentucky, 1849|elected]] |
| {{Party shading/Whig/Hold}} | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election.<br />Winner [[United States Senate election in Kentucky, 1849|elected]] February 1, 1849.<br />Whig hold. |
||
| nowrap | |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
||
* {{Party stripe|Whig Party (US)}}'''{{aye}} [[Henry Clay]]''' (Whig) 93 votes |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}} [[Richard Mentor Johnson]] (Democratic) 45 votes<ref>{{cite book |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=1848 |title=Journal of the Senate of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, begun and held in the Town of Frankfort, on Saturday 30th December 1848 |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b2881217&view=1up&seq=174&skin=2021 |location=Frankfort, KY |publisher=A. G. Hodges & Co, State Printers |page=170 }}</ref> |
|||
}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[List of United States |
| [[List of United States senators from Louisiana|Louisiana]] |
||
| [[Henry Johnson (Louisiana politician)|Henry Johnson]] |
| [[Henry Johnson (Louisiana politician)|Henry Johnson]] |
||
| {{party shading/Whig}} | Whig |
| {{party shading/Whig}} | Whig |
||
| nowrap | [[United States Senate special election in Louisiana, 1844|1844 ( |
| nowrap | [[United States Senate special election in Louisiana, 1844|1844 <small>(special)</small>]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Winner [[United States Senate election in Louisiana, 1848|elected]] in 1848.<br/>'''Democratic gain'''. |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Incumbent lost re-election.<br />Winner [[United States Senate election in Louisiana, 1848|elected]] in 1848.<br />'''Democratic gain'''. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
|||
| nowrap | '''√ [[Pierre Soulé]]''' (Democratic)<br/>[[Henry Johnson (Louisiana politician)|Henry Johnson]] (Whig)<br/>{{dm}} |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}'''{{aye}} [[Pierre Soulé]]''' (Democratic) |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Whig Party (US)}}[[Henry Johnson (Louisiana politician)|Henry Johnson]] (Whig) |
|||
* {{data missing|date=February 2020}} |
|||
}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[List of United States |
| [[List of United States senators from Maryland|Maryland]] |
||
| [[James Pearce]] |
| [[James Pearce]] |
||
| {{party shading/Whig}} | Whig |
| {{party shading/Whig}} | Whig |
||
| nowrap | [[United States Senate election in Maryland, 1843|1843]] |
| nowrap | [[United States Senate election in Maryland, 1843|1843]] |
||
| Incumbent [[United States Senate election in Maryland, 1849|re-elected]] in 1849. |
| Incumbent [[United States Senate election in Maryland, 1849|re-elected]] in 1849. |
||
| nowrap | |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
||
* {{Party stripe|Whig Party (US)}}'''{{aye}} [[James Pearce]]''' (Whig) |
|||
* {{data missing|date=February 2020}} |
|||
}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[List of United States |
| [[List of United States senators from Missouri|Missouri]] |
||
| [[David Rice Atchison]] |
| [[David Rice Atchison]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
||
| nowrap | 1843 (Appointed)<br/>[[United States Senate special election in Missouri, 1843|1843 ( |
| nowrap | 1843 {{small|(Appointed)}}<br />[[United States Senate special election in Missouri, 1843|1843 <small>(special)</small>]] |
||
| Incumbent [[United States Senate election in Missouri, 1849|re-elected]] in 1849. |
| Incumbent [[United States Senate election in Missouri, 1849|re-elected]] in 1849. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
|||
| nowrap | '''√ [[David Rice Atchison]]''' (Democratic)<br/>{{dm}} |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}'''{{aye}} [[David Rice Atchison]]''' (Democratic) |
|||
* {{data missing|date=February 2020}} |
|||
}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[List of United States |
| [[List of United States senators from New Hampshire|New Hampshire]] |
||
| [[Charles G. Atherton]] |
| [[Charles G. Atherton]] |
||
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
||
| [[United States Senate special election in New Hampshire, 1843|1843 ( |
| nowrap | [[United States Senate special election in New Hampshire, 1843|1843 <small>(special)</small>]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Hold}} | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election.<br/>Winner elected in 1848 or 1849.<br/>Democratic hold. |
| {{Party shading/Democratic/Hold}} | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election.<br />Winner elected in 1848 or 1849.<br />Democratic hold. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
|||
| nowrap | '''√ [[Moses Norris, Jr.]]''' (Democratic)<br/>{{dm}} |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}'''{{aye}} [[Moses Norris Jr.]]''' (Democratic) |
|||
* {{data missing|date=February 2020}} |
|||
}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| [[List of United States senators from New York|New York]] |
||
| [[John Adams Dix]] |
|||
<!-- |
|||
| [[Silas Wright, Jr.]] |
|||
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
||
| [[United States Senate special election in New York, |
| nowrap | [[United States Senate special election in New York, 1845|1845 <small>(special)</small>]] |
||
| Incumbent [[United States Senate election in New York, 1849| |
| {{party shading/Whig}} | Incumbent lost re-election as a Free Soiler.<br />Winner [[United States Senate election in New York, 1849|elected]] February 6, 1849.<br />'''Whig gain'''. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
|||
| nowrap | '''√ [[Silas Wright, Jr.]]''' (Democratic)<br/>[[Millard Fillmore]] (Whig)<br/>[[John A. Collier]] (Whig)<br/>[[Willis Hall]] (Whig)<br/>[[George W. Patterson]] (Whig)<br/>[[George A. Simmons]] (Whig)<br/>[[Luther Bradish]] (Whig)<br/>[[Gulian C. Verplanck]] (Whig) |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Whig Party (US)}}'''{{aye}} [[William H. Seward]]''' (Whig) |
|||
--> |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Free Soil Party}}[[John Adams Dix]] (Free Soil) |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}[[Reuben H. Walworth]] (Democratic) |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Whig Party (US)}}[[Daniel D. Barnard]] (Whig) |
|||
}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[List of United States |
| [[List of United States senators from North Carolina|North Carolina]] |
||
| [[George Edmund Badger|George Badger]] |
|||
<!-- |
|||
| [[William Alexander Graham|William A. Graham]] |
|||
| {{party shading/Whig}} | Whig |
| {{party shading/Whig}} | Whig |
||
| [[United States Senate special election in North Carolina, |
| nowrap | [[United States Senate special election in North Carolina, 1846|1846 <small>(special)</small>]] |
||
| |
| Incumbent [[United States Senate election in North Carolina, 1849|re-elected]] in 1849. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
|||
| nowrap | '''√ [[William Henry Haywood, Jr.|William H. Haywood, Jr.]]''' (Democratic)<br/>{{dm}} |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Whig Party (US)}}'''{{aye}} [[George Edmund Badger|George Badger]]''' (Whig) |
|||
--> |
|||
* {{data missing|date=February 2020}} |
|||
}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[List of United States |
| [[List of United States senators from Ohio|Ohio]] |
||
<!-- |
|||
| [[William Allen (governor)|William Allen]] |
| [[William Allen (governor)|William Allen]] |
||
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
||
| [[United States Senate election in Ohio, 1842|1842]] |
| nowrap | [[United States Senate election in Ohio, 1837|1837]]<br />[[United States Senate election in Ohio, 1842|1842]] |
||
| Incumbent [[United States Senate election in Ohio, |
| {{party shading/Free Soil}} | Incumbent lost re-election.<br />Winner [[United States Senate election in Ohio, 1849|elected]] in 1849.<br />'''Free Soil gain'''. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
|||
| nowrap | '''√ [[William Allen (governor)|William Allen]]''' (Democratic)<br/>{{dm}} |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Free Soil Party}}'''{{aye}} [[Salmon P. Chase]]''' (Free Soil) |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Whig Party (US)}}[[Thomas Ewing]] (Whig) |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}[[William Allen (governor)|William Allen]] (Democratic) |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Free Soil Party}}[[Joshua Reed Giddings]] (Free Soil) |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Unknown}}[[Reuben Hitchcock]] (Unknown) |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}[[Emery D. Potter]] (Democratic) |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}[[David T. Disney]] (Democratic) |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Unknown}}[[John C. Vaughn (Ohio politician)|John C. Vaughn]] (Unknown) |
|||
}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| [[List of United States senators from Pennsylvania|Pennsylvania]] |
||
| [[ |
| [[Simon Cameron]] |
||
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
||
| [[United States Senate special election in Pennsylvania, |
| nowrap | [[United States Senate special election in Pennsylvania, 1845|1845 <small>(special)</small>]] |
||
| Incumbent [[United States Senate election in Pennsylvania, 1849| |
| {{party shading/Whig}} | Incumbent retired.<br />Winner [[United States Senate election in Pennsylvania, 1849|elected]] January 10, 1849.<br />'''Whig gain'''. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
|||
| nowrap | '''√ [[James Buchanan]]''' (Democratic) 56.06%<br/>[[John Banks (U.S. politician)|John Banks]] (Whig) 40.91%<br/>[[Richard Brodhead]] (Democratic) 0.76%<br/>[[John Gibons]] 0.76% |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Whig Party (US)}}'''{{aye}} [[James Cooper (Pennsylvania politician)|James Cooper]]''' (Whig) 49.62% |
|||
--> |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}[[Richard Brodhead]] (Democratic) 46.62% |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Free Soil Party}}[[Thaddeus Stevens]] (Free Soil) 2.26% |
|||
}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[List of United States |
| [[List of United States senators from South Carolina|South Carolina]] |
||
| [[Andrew Butler]] |
|||
<!-- |
|||
| [[George McDuffie]] |
|||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
||
| nowrap | 1846 {{small|(Appointed)}}<br />? {{small|(special)}} |
|||
| [[United States Senate special election in South Carolina, 1848|1848 (Special)]] |
|||
| Incumbent re-elected in 1848 |
| Incumbent [[United States Senate election in South Carolina, 1848|re-elected]] in 1848. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
|||
| nowrap | '''√ [[George McDuffie]]''' (Democratic)<br/>{{dm}} |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}'''{{aye}} [[Andrew Butler]]''' (Democratic) |
|||
--> |
|||
* {{data missing|date=February 2020}} |
|||
}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[List of United States |
| [[List of United States senators from Vermont|Vermont]] |
||
| [[William Upham]] |
|||
<!-- |
|||
| [[Samuel C. Crafts]] |
|||
| {{party shading/Whig}} | Whig |
| {{party shading/Whig}} | Whig |
||
| nowrap | [[United States Senate |
| nowrap | [[United States Senate election in Vermont, 1843|1843]] |
||
|
| Incumbent [[United States Senate election in Vermont, 1848|re-elected]] in 1848. |
||
| nowrap | |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
||
* {{Party stripe|Whig Party (US)}}'''{{aye}} [[William Upham]]''' (Whig) |
|||
--> |
|||
* {{data missing|date=February 2020}} |
|||
}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[List of United States |
| [[List of United States senators from Wisconsin|Wisconsin]] |
||
| [[Isaac P. Walker]] |
|||
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
|||
| nowrap | [[United States Senate elections in Wisconsin, 1848|1848]] |
|||
| Incumbent [[United States Senate election in Wisconsin, 1849|re-elected]] in 1849. |
|||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}'''{{aye}} [[Isaac P. Walker]]''' (Democratic) |
|||
* {{data missing|date=February 2020}} |
|||
}} |
|||
|} |
|} |
||
=== |
=== Elections during the 31st Congress === |
||
In these |
In these elections, the winners were elected in 1849 after March 4. |
||
{| class=wikitable |
{| class=wikitable |
||
| Line 530: | Line 731: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[List of United States |
| [[List of United States senators from Illinois|Illinois]]<br />(Class 3) |
||
| [[James Shields (politician, born 1810)|James Shields]] |
|||
| [[Benjamin Fitzpatrick]] |
|||
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
||
| 1848 or 1849 |
|||
| nowrap | 1848 (Appointed) |
|||
| {{ |
| {{party shading/Democratic/Hold}} | Senate voided election March 15, 1849 as incumbent was nottoa U.S. citizen long enough as required by the [[United States Constitution|U.S. Constitution]].<br />Incumbent was [[United States Senate special election in Illinois, 1849|re-elected]] '''October 27, 1849''', having by then qualified.<br />Democratic hold. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
|||
| nowrap | '''√ [[Jeremiah Clemens]]''' (Democratic)<br/>{{dm}} |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}'''{{aye}} [[James Shields (politician, born 1810)|James Shields]]''' (Democratic) |
|||
* {{data missing|date=February 2020}} |
|||
}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[List of United States |
| [[List of United States senators from Alabama|Alabama]]<br />(Class 2) |
||
| [[Benjamin Fitzpatrick]] |
|||
| [[James Shields (politician, born 1810)|James Shields]] |
|||
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
||
| nowrap | 1848 {{small|(Appointed)}} |
|||
| 1848 or 1849 |
|||
| {{ |
| {{Party shading/Democratic/Hold}} | Unknown if interim appointee retired when successor elected or lost electiontofinish the term.<br />Winner [[United States Senate special election in Alabama, 1849|elected]] '''November 30, 1849'''.<br />Democratic hold. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
|||
| nowrap | '''√ [[James Shields (politician, born 1810)|James Shields]]''' (Democratic)<br/>{{dm}} |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}'''{{aye}} [[Jeremiah Clemens]]''' (Democratic) |
|||
* {{data missing|date=February 2020}} |
|||
}} |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[List of United States senators from California|California]]<br />(Class 1) |
|||
| colspan=3 rowspan=2 | ''New state'' |
|||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | California admitted as a new state on September 9, 1850.<br />New senator [[United States Senate elections in California, 1849|elected]] '''December 20, 1849''' and later seated upon statehood.<br />'''Democratic gain'''. |
|||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}'''{{aye}} [[John C. Frémont]]''' (Democratic) |
|||
* {{data missing|date=February 2020}} |
|||
}} |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[List of United States senators from California|California]]<br />(Class 3) |
|||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | California admitted as a new state on September 9, 1850.<br />New senator [[United States Senate elections in California, 1849|elected]] '''December 20, 1849''' and later seated upon statehood.<br />'''Democratic gain'''. |
|||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}'''{{aye}} [[William M. Gwin]]''' (Democratic) |
|||
* {{data missing|date=February 2020}} |
|||
}} |
|||
|} |
|} |
||
==Individual elections== |
==Individual elections== |
||
=== Maryland === |
|||
<!-- {{Main|1849 United States Senate election in Maryland}} --> |
|||
{{See also|List of United States senators from Maryland}} |
|||
{{Expand section|date=November 2022}} |
|||
{{Infobox election |
|||
| election_name = 1849 United States Senate election in Maryland |
|||
| popular_vote1 = '''-''' |
|||
| colour1 = B0CEFF |
|||
| percentage1 = '''-%''' |
|||
| party1 = Democratic Party (United States) |
|||
| candidate1 = '''[[David Stewart (Maryland politician)|David Stewart]]''' |
|||
| image1 = David Stewart (Maryland).jpg |
|||
| popular_vote2 = |
|||
| colour2 = |
|||
| percentage2 = |
|||
| party2 = |
|||
| candidate2 = |
|||
| image2 = |
|||
| next_year = 1850 |
|||
| next_election = 1850 United States Senate special election in Maryland |
|||
| previous_year = 1844 |
|||
| previous_election = 1844 United States Senate election in Maryland |
|||
| votes_for_election = 80 members of the [[Maryland General Assembly]] |
|||
| vote_type = Legislative |
|||
| election_date = December 1849 |
|||
| type = presidential |
|||
}} |
|||
{{Clear}} |
|||
{{Infobox election |
|||
| election_name = 1849 United States Senate election in Maryland |
|||
| popular_vote1 = '''-''' |
|||
| colour1 = F0C862 |
|||
| percentage1 = '''-%''' |
|||
| party1 = Whig Party (United States) |
|||
| candidate1 = '''[[James Pearce]]''' |
|||
| image1 = James Alfred Pearce, standing.jpg |
|||
| popular_vote2 = |
|||
| colour2 = |
|||
| percentage2 = |
|||
| party2 = |
|||
| candidate2 = |
|||
| image2 = |
|||
| next_year = 1855 |
|||
| next_election = 1855 United States Senate election in Maryland |
|||
| previous_year = 1843 |
|||
| previous_election = 1843 United States Senate election in Maryland |
|||
| votes_for_election = 80 members of the [[Maryland General Assembly]] |
|||
| vote_type = Legislative |
|||
| election_date = January 1849 |
|||
| type = presidential |
|||
}} |
|||
[[Reverdy Johnson]] won election in [[1844 United States Senate election in Maryland|1844]] but retired to become the [[United States Attorney General]]. In order to fill his seat, [[David Stewart (Maryland politician)|David Stewart]] was elected by an unknown margin of votes, for the Class 1 seat.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=122893|title=Our Campaigns - MD US Senate Race - Dec 00, 1849|access-date=2022-11-05|website=www.ourcampaigns.com}}</ref> |
|||
[[James Pearce]] won re-election by an unknown margin of votes, for the Class 3 seat.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=122902|title=Our Campaigns - MD US Senate Race - Jan 00, 1849|access-date=2022-11-05|website=www.ourcampaigns.com}}</ref> |
|||
{{Clear}} |
|||
=== New York === |
=== New York === |
||
{{main|United States Senate election in New York, 1849}} |
{{main|United States Senate election in New York, 1849}} |
||
| Line 553: | Line 837: | ||
The New York election was held February 6, 1849. Barnburner [[John Adams Dix]] had been elected in 1845 to this seat after the resignation of [[Silas Wright]], and Dix's term would expire on March 3, 1849. In November 1848, Dix was the Barnburners/Free-Soilers candidate for Governor of New York, but was defeated by Whig [[Hamilton Fish]]. |
The New York election was held February 6, 1849. Barnburner [[John Adams Dix]] had been elected in 1845 to this seat after the resignation of [[Silas Wright]], and Dix's term would expire on March 3, 1849. In November 1848, Dix was the Barnburners/Free-Soilers candidate for Governor of New York, but was defeated by Whig [[Hamilton Fish]]. |
||
At this time [[New York Democratic Party]] |
At this time [[New York Democratic Party]] was split in two fiercely opposing factions: the [[Barnburners and Hunkers|Barnburners" and the "Hunkers"]]. The Barnburners organized the [[Free Soil Party]] in 1848 and nominated [[Martin Van Buren]] for [[U.S. President]]. Due to the split, the [[United States Whig Party|Whig Party]] won most of the elective offices by pluralities. |
||
At the [[New York state election, 1847|State election in November 1847]], 24 Whigs and 8 Democrats were elected for a two-year term ( |
At the [[New York state election, 1847|State election in November 1847]], 24 Whigs and 8 Democrats were elected for a two-year term (1848–1849) in the State Senate. At the [[New York state election, 1848|State election in November 1848]], 106 Whigs, 15 Free Soilers and 7 Hunkers were elected to the Assembly for the session of 1849. The [[72nd New York State Legislature]] met from January 2 to April 11, 1849, at [[Albany, New York]]. |
||
Ex-[[Governor of New York]] William H. Seward was nominated by a caucus of [[United States Whig Party|Whig]] State legislators on February 1, 1849. The vote was 88 for Seward, 12 for [[John A. Collier]], 18 scattering and 4 blanks. The incumbent U.S. Senator John Adams Dix ran for re-election supported by the Free Soilers. Ex-[[New York Court of Chancery|Chancellor]] Reuben H. Walworth was the candidate of the Hunkers. Walworth had been third place in the last gubernatorial election, behind Fish and Dix. Ex-Congressman Daniel D. Barnard (Whig) received 2 scattering votes in the Senate. William H. Seward was the choice of both the Assembly and the Senate, and was declared elected. |
Ex-[[Governor of New York]] William H. Seward was nominated by a caucus of [[United States Whig Party|Whig]] State legislators on February 1, 1849. The vote was 88 for Seward, 12 for [[John A. Collier]], 18 scattering and 4 blanks. The incumbent U.S. Senator John Adams Dix ran for re-election supported by the Free Soilers. Ex-[[New York Court of Chancery|Chancellor]] Reuben H. Walworth was the candidate of the Hunkers. Walworth had been third place in the last gubernatorial election, behind Fish and Dix. Ex-Congressman Daniel D. Barnard (Whig) received 2 scattering votes in the Senate. William H. Seward was the choice of both the Assembly and the Senate, and was declared elected. |
||
| Line 589: | Line 873: | ||
| |
| |
||
| |
| |
||
|} |
|} |
||
===Ohio=== |
===Ohio=== |
||
{{main|United States Senate election in Ohio, 1849}} |
{{main|United States Senate election in Ohio, 1849}} |
||
The two houses of the [[Ohio General Assembly]] met in joint session February 22, 1849, with 72 representatives and 35 senators present to elect a Senator (Class 3) to succeed incumbent [[William Allen (governor)| |
The two houses of the [[Ohio General Assembly]] met in joint session February 22, 1849, with 72 representatives and 35 senators present to elect a Senator (Class 3) to succeed incumbent [[William Allen (governor)|William Allen]]. On the fourth ballot, [[Salmon P. Chase]] was elected with a majority of the votes cast, as follows:<ref>{{cite book |
||
|title=Ohio statesmen and annals of progress: from the year 1788 to the year 1900 ... |first1=William Alexander |last1=Taylor |first2=Aubrey Clarence |last2=Taylor |year=1899 |publisher=State of Ohio |page = 232 | url = |
|title=Ohio statesmen and annals of progress: from the year 1788 to the year 1900 ... |first1=William Alexander |last1=Taylor |first2=Aubrey Clarence |last2=Taylor |year=1899 |publisher=State of Ohio |page = 232 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ztegAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA232 }}</ref> |
||
{|class="wikitable" |
{|class="wikitable" |
||
| Line 664: | Line 947: | ||
=== Pennsylvania === |
=== Pennsylvania === |
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{{main|United States Senate election in Pennsylvania, 1849}} |
{{main|United States Senate election in Pennsylvania, 1849}} |
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The Pennsylvania election was held January 10, 1849. [[James Cooper (Pennsylvania)|James Cooper]] was elected by the [[Pennsylvania General Assembly]].<ref name=results>{{cite web|title=U.S. Senate Election - 10 January 1849|url=http://staffweb.wilkes.edu/harold.cox/sen/PaSen1849.pdf|publisher=Wilkes University| |
The Pennsylvania election was held January 10, 1849. [[James Cooper (Pennsylvania politician)|James Cooper]] was elected by the [[Pennsylvania General Assembly]].<ref name=results>{{cite web|title=U.S. Senate Election - 10 January 1849|url=http://staffweb.wilkes.edu/harold.cox/sen/PaSen1849.pdf|publisher=Wilkes University|access-date=22 December 2013}}</ref> |
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Incumbent [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]] [[Simon Cameron]], who was elected in [[United States Senate special election in Pennsylvania, 1845|1845]], was not a candidate for re-election to another term. The Pennsylvania General Assembly, consisting of the [[Pennsylvania House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] and the [[Pennsylvania State Senate|Senate]], convened on January 10, 1849, to elect a new Senator to fill the term beginning on March 4, 1849. Three ballots were recorded. The results of the third and final ballot of both houses combined are as follows: |
Incumbent [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]] [[Simon Cameron]], who was elected in [[United States Senate special election in Pennsylvania, 1845|1845]], was not a candidate for re-election to another term. The Pennsylvania General Assembly, consisting of the [[Pennsylvania House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] and the [[Pennsylvania State Senate|Senate]], convened on January 10, 1849, to elect a new Senator to fill the term beginning on March 4, 1849. Three ballots were recorded. The results of the third and final ballot of both houses combined are as follows: |
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{{Election box candidate with party link no change| |
{{Election box candidate with party link no change| |
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|party = Whig Party (United States) |
|party = Whig Party (United States) |
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|candidate = '''[[James Cooper (Pennsylvania)|James Cooper]]''' |
|candidate = '''[[James Cooper (Pennsylvania politician)|James Cooper]]''' |
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|votes = '''66''' |
|votes = '''66''' |
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|percentage = '''49.62''' |
|percentage = '''49.62''' |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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* [[United States |
* [[1848 United States elections]] |
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** [[1848 United States presidential election]] |
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** [[1848–49 United States House of Representatives elections]] |
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* [[30th United States Congress]] |
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* [[31st United States Congress]] |
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== Notes == |
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{{reflist|30em}} |
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==References== |
==References== |
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* {{cite web |
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{{reflist}} |
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| title = Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present |
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*{{cite web |
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| publisher = via Senate.gov |
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|url=http://www.senate.gov/pagelayout/history/one_item_and_teasers/partydiv.htm |
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| url = https://www.senate.gov/pagelayout/history/one_item_and_teasers/partydiv.htm |
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|title= Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present |
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|publisher=Senate.gov |
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}} |
}} |
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* {{cite book |
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*[http://books.google.com/books?id=E3sFAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA63 ''The New York Civil List''] compiled in 1858 (see: pg. 63 for U.S. Senators; pg. 136 for State Senators 1849; pg. 236ff for Members of Assembly 1849) |
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| last = Clark | first = Dan Elbert |
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*[http://www.gpoaccess.gov/serialset/cdocuments/hd108-222/31st.pdf Members of the 31st United States Congress] |
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| title = History of Senatorial Elections in Iowa |
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*Result State election, 1847: [http://books.google.com/books?id=ZnETAAAAYAAJ&pg=PT374 ''The Whig Almanac and United States Register for 1848''] |
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| location = [[Iowa City, Iowa]] |
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*Result Whig caucus: [http://books.google.com/books?id=ZQIwAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA2-PA638 ''The American Whig Review, Vol. 11''] by George Hooker Colton & [[James Davenport Whelpley]] (page 638) |
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| date = 1913 |
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*Result U.S. Senate election, State Senate: [http://books.google.com.br/books?id=ouhKAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA673 ''Journal of the Senate'' (72nd Session)] (1849; pg. 167) |
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| ref = {{sfnRef | Clark}} |
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*Result U.S. Senate election, State Assembly: [http://books.google.com.br/books?id=xdZKAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA355 ''Journal of the Assembly'' (72nd Session)] (1849; pg. 355f) |
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| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=jXJDAAAAIAAJ |
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}} |
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* {{cite book |
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| last = Byrd | first = Robert C. | author-link1 = Robert Byrd |
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| editor1-first = Wendy | editor1-last = Wolff |
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| title = The Senate, 1789-1989: Historical Statistics, 1789–1992 |
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| edition = volume 4 Bicentennial |
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| department = [[United States Senate Historical Office]] |
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| location = [[Washington, D.C.]] |
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| publisher = [[United States Government Publishing Office|U.S. Government Printing Office]] |
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| date = October 1, 1993 |
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| ref = {{sfnRef | Byrd}} |
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| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=PeHByMYxVm8C |
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| isbn = 9780160632563 }} |
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*[https://books.google.com/books?id=E3sFAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA63 ''The New York Civil List''] compiled in 1858 (see: pg. 63 for U.S. Senators; pg. 136 for State Senators 1849; pg. 236ff for Members of Assembly 1849) |
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*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090825104128/http://www.gpoaccess.gov/serialset/cdocuments/hd108-222/31st.pdf Members of the 31st United States Congress] |
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*Result State election, 1847: [https://books.google.com/books?id=ZnETAAAAYAAJ&pg=PT374 ''The Whig Almanac and United States Register for 1848''] |
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*Result Whig caucus: [https://books.google.com/books?id=ZQIwAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA2-PA638 ''The American Whig Review, Vol. 11''] by George Hooker Colton & [[James Davenport Whelpley]] (page 638) |
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*Result U.S. Senate election, State Senate: [https://archive.org/details/journal136senagoog/page/n685 <!-- pg=673 --> ''Journal of the Senate'' (72nd Session)] (1849; pg. 167) |
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*Result U.S. Senate election, State Assembly: [https://archive.org/details/journalassembly20assegoog/page/n359 <!-- pg=355 --> ''Journal of the Assembly'' (72nd Session)] (1849; pg. 355f) |
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*[http://staffweb.wilkes.edu/harold.cox/ Pennsylvania Election Statistics: 1682-2006] from the [[Wilkes University Election Statistics Project]] |
*[http://staffweb.wilkes.edu/harold.cox/ Pennsylvania Election Statistics: 1682-2006] from the [[Wilkes University Election Statistics Project]] |
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{{1848 United States elections}} |
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{{United States Senate elections}} |
{{United States Senate elections}} |
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[[Category:United States Senate elections, 1848| ]] |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:1848-49 United States Senate elections}} |
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[[Category:1848 United States Senate elections| ]] |
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[[Category:1849 United States Senate elections| ]] |
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19 of the 60 seats in the United States Senate (with special elections) 31 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Results: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The 1848–49 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1848 and 1849, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock.[1] In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 3.
The Democratic Party lost seats but maintained control of the Senate.
Senate party division, 31st Congress (1849–1851)
| D1 | D2 | D3 | D4 | D5 | D6 | D7 | D8 | D9 | D10 |
| D20 | D19 | D18 | D17 | D16 | D15 | D14 | D13 | D12 | D11 |
| D21 | D22 | D23 | D24 | D25 Ran |
D26 Ran |
D27 Ran |
D28 Ran |
D29 Ran |
D30 Ran |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Majority → | D31 Ran | ||||||||
| W21 Unknown |
ID1 | D38 Retired |
D37 Retired |
D36 Retired |
D35 Retired |
D34 Unknown |
D33 Ran |
D32 Ran | |
| W20 Ran |
W19 Ran |
W18 Ran |
W17 Ran |
W16 | W15 | W14 | W13 | W12 | W11 |
| W1 | W2 | W3 | W4 | W5 | W6 | W7 | W8 | W9 | W10 |
| D1 | D2 | D3 | D4 | D5 | D6 | D7 | D8 | D9 | D10 |
| D20 | D19 | D18 | D17 | D16 | D15 | D14 | D13 | D12 | D11 |
| D21 | D22 | D23 | D24 | D25 Re-elected |
D26 Re-elected |
D27 Re-elected |
D28 Re-elected |
D29 Re-elected |
D30 Hold |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Majority → | D31 Hold | ||||||||
| W21 Gain |
W22 Gain |
W23 Gain |
W24 Gain |
W25 Gain |
ID1 | FS1 Gain |
D33 Gain |
D32 Hold | |
| W20 Hold |
W19 Re-elected |
W18 Re-elected |
W17 Re-elected |
W16 | W15 | W14 | W13 | W12 | W11 |
| W1 | W2 | W3 | W4 | W5 | W6 | W7 | W8 | W9 | W10 |
Note: "Re-elected" includes incumbent appointee elected to the next term.
| D1 | D2 | D3 | D4 | D5 | D6 | D7 | D8 | D9 | D10 |
| D20 | D19 | D18 | D17 | D16 | D15 | D14 | D13 | D12 | D11 |
| D21 | D22 | D23 | D24 | D25 | D26 | D27 | D28 | D29 | D30 |
| Majority → | D31 | ||||||||
| W21 | W22 | W23 | W24 | W25 | FS2 | FS1 | D33 | D32 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| W20 | W19 | W18 | W17 | W16 | W15 | W14 | W13 | W12 | W11 |
| W1 | W2 | W3 | W4 | W5 | W6 | W7 | W8 | W9 | W10 |
| Key: |
|
In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1848 or in 1849 before March 4; ordered by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Mississippi (Class 1) |
Jefferson Davis | Democratic | 1847 (Appointed) | Interim appointee elected January 11, 1848.[2] |
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| Connecticut (Class 1) |
Roger S. Baldwin | Whig | 1847 (Appointed) | Interim appointee elected May 1848. |
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| Maine (Class 1) |
Wyman B. S. Moor | Democratic | 1848 (Appointed) | Interim appointee retired when successor elected June 7, 1848. Democratic hold. |
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| Wisconsin (Class 1) |
New state | Wisconsin admitted to the Union May 29, 1848. First senators elected June 8, 1848. Democratic gain. |
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| Wisconsin (Class 3) |
Wisconsin admitted to the Union May 29, 1848. First senators elected June 8, 1848. Democratic gain. |
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| Alabama (Class 3) |
Arthur P. Bagby | Democratic | 1841 (special) 1842 |
Incumbent resigned June 16, 1848 to become U.S. Minister to Russia. Successor elected July 1, 1848. Democratic hold. |
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| Arkansas (Class 2) |
William K. Sebastian | Democratic | 1848 (Appointed) | Interim appointee elected November 17, 1848.[3] |
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| Iowa (Class 2) |
New state | Iowa was admitted to the Union December 28, 1846. Legislature had failed to elect due to a three-way split that prevented any candidate from earning the required number of 30 legislators' votes.[4] First senators elected December 7, 1848. Democratic gain. |
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| Iowa (Class 3) |
Iowa was admitted to the Union December 28, 1846. Legislature had failed to elect due to a three-way split that prevented any candidate from earning the required number of 30 legislators' votes.[4] First senators elected December 7, 1848. Democratic gain. |
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| Kentucky (Class 3) |
Thomas Metcalfe | Whig | 1848 (Appointed) | Interim appointee elected January 3, 1849.[5] |
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| Michigan (Class 1) |
Thomas Fitzgerald | Democratic | 1848 (Appointed) | Interim appointee retired. Successor elected January 20, 1849, but did not take his seat until March 4, 1849. Democratic hold. |
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| Delaware (Class 1) |
John M. Clayton | Whig | 1829 1835 |
Incumbent resigned February 23, 1849 to become U.S. Secretary of State. Successor elected February 23, 1849. Whig hold. |
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In these regular elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1849; ordered by state.
All of the elections involved the Class 3 seats.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Alabama | William R. King | Democratic | 1848 (special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1848 or 1849. |
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| Arkansas | Solon Borland | Democratic | 1848 (Appointed) | Incumbent appointee elected to a full term in November 1848.[7] |
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| Connecticut | John M. Niles | Democratic | 1842 | Incumbent retired. Winner elected in 1848 or 1849. Whig gain. |
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| Florida | James Westcott | Democratic | 1845 | Incumbent retired. Winner elected in 1848. Whig gain. |
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| Georgia | Herschel Vespasian Johnson | Democratic | 1848 (Appointed) | Incumbent retired. Winner elected in 1847.[8] Whig gain. |
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| Illinois | Sidney Breese | Democratic | 1843 | Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected January 13, 1849. Democratic hold. |
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| Indiana | Edward A. Hannegan | Democratic | 1842 | Incumbent lost renomination. Winner elected in 1848. Democratic hold. |
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| Kentucky | Thomas Metcalfe | Whig | 1848 (Appointed) ?(special) |
Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. Winner elected February 1, 1849. Whig hold. |
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| Louisiana | Henry Johnson | Whig | 1844 (special) | Incumbent lost re-election. Winner elected in 1848. Democratic gain. |
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| Maryland | James Pearce | Whig | 1843 | Incumbent re-elected in 1849. |
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| Missouri | David Rice Atchison | Democratic | 1843 (Appointed) 1843 (special) |
Incumbent re-elected in 1849. |
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| New Hampshire | Charles G. Atherton | Democratic | 1843 (special) | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. Winner elected in 1848 or 1849. Democratic hold. |
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| New York | John Adams Dix | Democratic | 1845 (special) | Incumbent lost re-election as a Free Soiler. Winner elected February 6, 1849. Whig gain. |
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| North Carolina | George Badger | Whig | 1846 (special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1849. |
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| Ohio | William Allen | Democratic | 1837 1842 |
Incumbent lost re-election. Winner elected in 1849. Free Soil gain. |
|
| Pennsylvania | Simon Cameron | Democratic | 1845 (special) | Incumbent retired. Winner elected January 10, 1849. Whig gain. |
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| South Carolina | Andrew Butler | Democratic | 1846 (Appointed) ?(special) |
Incumbent re-elected in 1848. |
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| Vermont | William Upham | Whig | 1843 | Incumbent re-elected in 1848. |
|
| Wisconsin | Isaac P. Walker | Democratic | 1848 | Incumbent re-elected in 1849. |
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In these elections, the winners were elected in 1849 after March 4.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Illinois (Class 3) |
James Shields | Democratic | 1848 or 1849 | Senate voided election March 15, 1849 as incumbent was not to a U.S. citizen long enough as required by the U.S. Constitution. Incumbent was re-elected October 27, 1849, having by then qualified. Democratic hold. |
|
| Alabama (Class 2) |
Benjamin Fitzpatrick | Democratic | 1848 (Appointed) | Unknown if interim appointee retired when successor elected or lost election to finish the term. Winner elected November 30, 1849. Democratic hold. |
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| California (Class 1) |
New state | California admitted as a new state on September 9, 1850. New senator elected December 20, 1849 and later seated upon statehood. Democratic gain. |
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| California (Class 3) |
California admitted as a new state on September 9, 1850. New senator elected December 20, 1849 and later seated upon statehood. Democratic gain. |
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![[icon]](https://akarinohon.com/text/taketori.cgi/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg@.25_Remington){kind=small} |
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2022)
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Reverdy Johnson won election in 1844 but retired to become the United States Attorney General. In order to fill his seat, David Stewart was elected by an unknown margin of votes, for the Class 1 seat.[10]
James Pearce won re-election by an unknown margin of votes, for the Class 3 seat.[11]
The New York election was held February 6, 1849. Barnburner John Adams Dix had been elected in 1845 to this seat after the resignation of Silas Wright, and Dix's term would expire on March 3, 1849. In November 1848, Dix was the Barnburners/Free-Soilers candidate for Governor of New York, but was defeated by Whig Hamilton Fish.
At this time New York Democratic Party was split in two fiercely opposing factions: the Barnburners" and the "Hunkers". The Barnburners organized the Free Soil Party in 1848 and nominated Martin Van Buren for U.S. President. Due to the split, the Whig Party won most of the elective offices by pluralities.
At the State election in November 1847, 24 Whigs and 8 Democrats were elected for a two-year term (1848–1849) in the State Senate. At the State election in November 1848, 106 Whigs, 15 Free Soilers and 7 Hunkers were elected to the Assembly for the session of 1849. The 72nd New York State Legislature met from January 2 to April 11, 1849, at Albany, New York.
Ex-Governor of New York William H. Seward was nominated by a caucus of Whig State legislators on February 1, 1849. The vote was 88 for Seward, 12 for John A. Collier, 18 scattering and 4 blanks. The incumbent U.S. Senator John Adams Dix ran for re-election supported by the Free Soilers. Ex-Chancellor Reuben H. Walworth was the candidate of the Hunkers. Walworth had been third place in the last gubernatorial election, behind Fish and Dix. Ex-Congressman Daniel D. Barnard (Whig) received 2 scattering votes in the Senate. William H. Seward was the choice of both the Assembly and the Senate, and was declared elected.
| House | Whig | Free Soil | Dem./Hunker | also ran | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| State Senate (32 members) | William H. Seward | 19 | John Adams Dix | 6 | Reuben H. Walworth | 2 | Daniel D. Barnard | 2 |
| State Assembly (128 members) | William H. Seward | 102 | John Adams Dix | 15 | Reuben H. Walworth | 7 | ||
The two houses of the Ohio General Assembly met in joint session February 22, 1849, with 72 representatives and 35 senators present to elect a Senator (Class 3) to succeed incumbent William Allen. On the fourth ballot, Salmon P. Chase was elected with a majority of the votes cast, as follows:[12]
| Ballot | William Allen | Thomas Ewing | Joshua Reed Giddings | Salmon P. Chase | Reuben Hitchcock | Emery D. Potter | David T. Disney | John C. Vaughn | blank ballots | total votes cast |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 27 | 41 | 9 | 14 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 11 | 106 |
| 2 | 1 | 41 | 8 | 52 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 108 |
| 3 | 0 | 39 | 9 | 53 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 105 |
| 4 | 0 | 39 | 11 | 55 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 106 |
The second ballot was declared a nullity by Speaker of the Senate Brewster Randall, because there were one more ballots cast than members present.
The Pennsylvania election was held January 10, 1849. James Cooper was elected by the Pennsylvania General Assembly.[13]
Incumbent Democrat Simon Cameron, who was elected in 1845, was not a candidate for re-election to another term. The Pennsylvania General Assembly, consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate, convened on January 10, 1849, to elect a new Senator to fill the term beginning on March 4, 1849. Three ballots were recorded. The results of the third and final ballot of both houses combined are as follows:
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Whig | James Cooper | 66 | 49.62 | |
| Democratic | Richard Brodhead | 62 | 46.62 | |
| Free Soil | Thaddeus Stevens | 3 | 2.26 | |
| N/A | Not voting | 2 | 1.50 | |
| Totals | 133 | 100.00% | ||
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
