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{{Infobox military unit |
{{Infobox military unit |
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| unit_name = 1st Marine Infantry Parachute Regiment |
| unit_name = 1st Marine Infantry Parachute Regiment |
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| native_name = 1<sup>er</sup> Régiment de Parachutistes d'Infanterie de Marine |
| native_name = {{lang|fr|1<sup>er</sup> Régiment de Parachutistes d'Infanterie de Marine}} |
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| image = File:Insigne de béret du 1er RPIMA "Qui ose gagne".svg |
| image = File:Insigne de béret du 1er RPIMA "Qui ose gagne".svg |
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| image_size = 200 |
| image_size = 200 |
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| caption = Regimental beret badge |
| caption = Regimental beret badge |
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| dates = September 15, 1940 – present |
| dates = September 15, 1940 – present |
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| country = {{ |
| country = {{flag|France}} |
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| branch = |
| branch = [[File:Logo of the French Army (Armee de Terre).svg|25px]] [[French Army]] |
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| command_structure = [[French Army Special Forces Command]] |
| command_structure = [[French Army Special Forces Command]] |
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| type = [[List of French Paratrooper Units|Special Forces]] |
| type = [[List of French Paratrooper Units|Special Forces]] |
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| role = <br> • Direct action <br> • Special reconnaissance <br> • Counter-terrorism <br> • Foreign internal defense <br> • Unconventional warfare <br> Other roles: <br> • Hostage rescue <br> • Personnel recovery <br> • Humanitarian missions <br> • Information operations |
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| size = 865 authorized personnel (2017) |
| size = 865 authorized personnel (2017) |
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| current_commander = Colonel Cutajar |
| current_commander = Colonel Cutajar |
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| garrison = [[Bayonne]], [[France]] |
| garrison = [[Bayonne]], [[France]] |
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| nickname = |
| nickname = |
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| motto = ''Qui Ose Gagne''<br>( |
| motto = ''Qui Ose Gagne''<br>(''[[Who Dares Wins]]'') |
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| colors = |
| colors = |
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| march = |
| march = |
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| battles = [[World War II]]<br />[[First Indochina War]]<br/>[[Lebanese Civil War]]<br/> |
| battles = [[World War II]]<br />[[First Indochina War]]<br/>[[Lebanese Civil War]]<br/> |
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[[Multinational Force in Lebanon]]<br/> |
[[Multinational Force in Lebanon]]<br/> |
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[[Operation Desert Storm]]<br/>[[Operation Enduring Freedom]]<br/>[[ |
[[Operation Desert Storm]]<br/>[[Operation Enduring Freedom]]<br/>[[Opération Licorne]]<br/>[[Operation Serval]]<br/> [[Global War on Terrorism|Global War on Terrorism (2001–present)]] |
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| notable_commanders = |
| notable_commanders = |
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| anniversaries = Saint-Michel Day |
| anniversaries = Saint-Michel Day |
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<!-- Insignia -->| identification_symbol = [[File:Insigne du 1er régiment de parachutistes d'infanterie de marine (1erRPIMA).svg|Insigne de béret du 1er RPIMA |
<!-- Insignia -->| identification_symbol = [[File:Insigne du 1er régiment de parachutistes d'infanterie de marine (1erRPIMA).svg|Insigne de béret du 1er RPIMA "Qui ose gagne"|130px]] |
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| identification_symbol_label = Identification symbol |
| identification_symbol_label = Identification symbol |
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| identification_symbol_2 = [[List of French paratrooper units|1<sup>er</sup> R.P.I.Ma]] |
| identification_symbol_2 = [[List of French paratrooper units|1<sup>er</sup> R.P.I.Ma]] |
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}} |
}} |
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The '''1st Marine Infantry Parachute Regiment''' ({{lang-fr|1<sup>er</sup> Régiment de Parachutistes d'Infanterie de Marine |
The '''1st Marine Infantry Parachute Regiment''' ({{lang-fr|1<sup>er</sup> Régiment de Parachutistes d'Infanterie de Marine}}) or '''1<sup>er</sup> RPIMa''' is a unit of the [[French Army Special Forces Command]], therefore part of the [[Special Operations Command (France)|Special Operations Command]]. |
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Heirs to the [[Free France|Free French]] [[paratrooper]]s of the 3rd and 4th squadrons of the [[Special Air Service]] (SAS) founded in the [[United Kingdom]] during [[WWII]], the 1er RPIMaissometimes referred to as the "French SAS" and still uses the same motto as their British counterparts to this day: '''{{lang|fr|Qui ose gagne}}''' (French for "''Who Dares Wins''"). |
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== Origins == |
== Origins == |
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* May 1941: [[Operation Josephine B]] (destruction of six transformers at the electric plant in [[Pessac]]). |
* May 1941: [[Operation Josephine B]] (destruction of six transformers at the electric plant in [[Pessac]]). |
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* Divided into one section assigned to the [[bureau central de renseignements et d'action|BCRA]] intelligence unit, and two other sections sent to the Middle East. [[Image:RPIM-img 1026.jpg|right|130px|thumb|Parachute equipment]] |
* Divided into one section assigned to the [[bureau central de renseignements et d'action|BCRA]] intelligence unit, and two other sections sent to the Middle East. [[Image:RPIM-img 1026.jpg|right|130px|thumb|Parachute equipment]] |
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* July 21, 1941: |
* July 21, 1941: embarked for the Mideast, garrisoned in [[Beirut]], then [[Damascus]]. |
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* On September 25, 1941 the 1st Parachute Company became the ''Peloton Parachutiste du [[Levant]]'' (Parachute Platoon of the Levant) and was attached to the [[French Air Force]].<ref>In ''Histoire des parachutistes français'' (History of |
* On September 25, 1941 the 1st Parachute Company became the ''Peloton Parachutiste du [[Levant]]'' (Parachute Platoon of the Levant) and was attached to the [[French Air Force]].<ref>In ''Histoire des parachutistes français'' (History of French Paratroopers), page 13</ref> |
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* On October 15, 1941 the unit's name changed again, to the ''1<sup>er</sup> Compagnie de Chasseurs Parachutistes'', (1<sup>er</sup> C.C.P) (1st Parachute [[Chasseur]] Company). |
* On October 15, 1941 the unit's name changed again, to the ''1<sup>er</sup> Compagnie de Chasseurs Parachutistes'', (1<sup>er</sup> C.C.P) (1st Parachute [[Chasseur]] Company). |
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* On January 1, 1942 the unit became the French Squadron of the [[Special Air Service]] |
* On January 1, 1942 the unit became the French Squadron of the [[Special Air Service]] under Major [[David Stirling]], a [[special forces]] unit garrisoned at [[Kibrit Air Base]] on the [[Suez Canal]]. |
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* June 1942: the French SAS destroyed 20 German airplanes in [[Crete]], then attacked the airports in Matouba-Derna, [[Benina International Airport|Benina]], [[Barca (ancient city)|Barce]] and [[Benghazi]] on the [[Libya]]n front. |
* June 1942: the French SAS destroyed 20 German airplanes in [[Crete]], then attacked the airports in Matouba-Derna, [[Benina International Airport|Benina]], [[Barca (ancient city)|Barce]] and [[Benghazi]] on the [[Libya]]n front. |
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* July 1942: operations in [[Cyrenaica]]. |
* July 1942: operations in [[Cyrenaica]]. |
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* Spring 1943: rest and training at [[Camberley]] (England). |
* Spring 1943: rest and training at [[Camberley]] (England). |
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* On July 1, 1943 the unit became the ''1<sup>er</sup> Bataillon d'Infanterie de l'Air'', (1<sup>er</sup> B.I.A) (1st Air Infantry Battalion). |
* On July 1, 1943 the unit became the ''1<sup>er</sup> Bataillon d'Infanterie de l'Air'', (1<sup>er</sup> B.I.A) (1st Air Infantry Battalion). |
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* In November 1943 the 1st |
* In November 1943 the 1st Battalion was renamed ''4<sup>e</sup> Bataillon d'Infanterie de l'Air'', (4<sup>e</sup> B.I.A) (4th Air Infantry Battalion) |
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* Beginning 1944: training of French SAS in Scotland. The battalion was assigned to the [[Special Air Service |
* Beginning 1944: training of French SAS in Scotland. The battalion was assigned to the [[Special Air Service]]. |
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* Night of June 5–6: parachuted into [[Brittany]], 36 |
* Night of June 5–6: parachuted into [[Brittany]], 36 paratroopers of the FFL in four groups (two over [[Plumelec]], two over [[Duault]]). The sole battle casualty in Plumelec (on June 6 at 0 h 40), caporal [[Emile Bouétard]], was probably the first casualty of the [[Operation Overlord|Normandy Landing]]. |
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* June 1944: combined |
* June 1944: combined forces with the [[French Forces of the Interior]] (FFI) and the [[2nd Infantry Division (United States)|2nd U.S. Division]]. |
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* June 1944: fighting |
* June 1944: fighting along with the [[maquis de Saint-Marcel]], [[Morbihan]] and maquis of [[Duault]] in [[Côtes-d'Armor]]; a battalion (450 men) parachuted in with the [[French Forces of the Interior]] (FFI) 3000 total, tied up 85000 Germans in Brittany, preventing them from reaching [[Normandy]], and joined two divisions of [[George Patton]]'s army on August 6. |
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* On July 1, 1944 the 4th |
* On July 1, 1944 the 4th Battalion was renamed [[2nd Parachute Chasseur Regiment|2<sup>e</sup> R.C.P S.A.S]] (2nd SAS Parachute Chasseur Regiment) of the [[Special Air Service|4th SAS Regiment]]. |
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* August 1944: operations and SAS participation in the [[Liberation of Paris]]. |
* August 1944: operations and SAS participation in the [[Liberation of Paris]]. |
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* September 11, 1944: one company took 3000 Germans prisoner. |
* September 11, 1944: one company took 3000 Germans prisoner. |
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* November 11, 1944: the two regiments of the French SAS marched up the [[Champs-Élysées]] in Paris before General [[Charles de Gaulle]] and British Prime Minister [[Winston Churchill]] after the 2<sup>e</sup> RCP was awarded the ''Compagnon de la Libération'' designation (Companion of the Liberation). |
* November 11, 1944: the two regiments of the French SAS marched up the [[Champs-Élysées]] in Paris before General [[Charles de Gaulle]] and British Prime Minister [[Winston Churchill]] after the 2<sup>e</sup> RCP was awarded the ''Compagnon de la Libération'' designation (Companion of the Liberation). |
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* December 23, 1944: provided reinforcement in the [[Battle of the Bulge|Ardennes]]. |
* December 23, 1944: provided reinforcement in the [[Battle of the Bulge|Ardennes]]. |
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* February 1945 |
* February 1945: regrouped in England. |
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* Night of April 7–8, 1945: [[Operation Amherst]], parachuted into Netherlands. Fighting until the 18th. |
* Night of April 7–8, 1945: [[Operation Amherst]], parachuted into the Netherlands. Fighting until the 18th. |
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* On August 1, 1945 the Parachute Chasseur Regiments merged completely into the [[French Army]]. The [[3rd Parachute Chasseur Regiment]] (3<sup>e</sup> R.C.P) or [[Special Air Service|3rd SAS Regiment]] was dissolved and its components transferred to the [[2nd Parachute Chasseur Regiment|2<sup>e</sup> R.C.P]]. |
* On August 1, 1945 the Parachute Chasseur Regiments merged completely into the [[French Army]]. The [[3rd Parachute Chasseur Regiment]] (3<sup>e</sup> R.C.P) or [[Special Air Service|3rd SAS Regiment]] was dissolved and its components transferred to the [[2nd Parachute Chasseur Regiment|2<sup>e</sup> R.C.P]]. |
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=== World War II === |
=== World War II === |
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{{Expand section|date=August 2020}} <!-- very brief and vague, little detail --> |
{{Expand section|date=August 2020}} <!-- very brief and vague, little detail --> |
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The 1<sup>er</sup> RPIMa inherited the traditions of the two [[Free French]] Special Air Service (SAS) Regiments that served with distinction alongside |
The 1<sup>er</sup> RPIMa inherited the traditions of the two [[Free French]] Special Air Service (SAS) Regiments that served with distinction alongside the British [[Special Air Service|SAS Brigade]] during World War II. |
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On September 15, 1940, General [[Charles de Gaulle]] signed the activation order of the 1ère Compagnie d'Infanterie de l'Air (1ère CIA) of the [[Free French Forces]], or 1st Free French Airborne Infantry Company, under the command of Captain Bergé. |
On September 15, 1940, General [[Charles de Gaulle]] signed the activation order of the 1ère Compagnie d'Infanterie de l'Air (1ère CIA) of the [[Free French Forces]], or 1st Free French Airborne Infantry Company, under the command of Captain Bergé. |
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The 1ère CIA began operational missions, parachuting into occupied France in March 1941. The company was then split into two units, a [[covert operation|covert action]] unit used for clandestine operations and a conventional and uniformed company sent to [[North Africa]] in September 1941 to fight |
The 1ère CIA began operational missions, parachuting into occupied France in March 1941. The company was then split into two units, a [[covert operation|covert action]] unit used for clandestine operations and a conventional and uniformed company sent to [[North Africa]] in September 1941 to fight [[Axis Forces]] along with British Forces. |
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A very good relationship was quickly established between Captain Bergé and Major Stirling, the commander of the newly created Special Air Service (SAS); the French detachment was soon incorporated into the SAS and became the French Squadron. From 1942 to 1943, the French SAS roamed the region, ranging as far as Crete hunting down Axis forces and destroying their aircraft and supply dumps. In November 1943, the 3rd and 4th Air Infantry were created and incorporated into the SAS Brigade along with their British and Belgian counterparts, the 1st and 2nd SAS Regiments. |
A very good relationship was quickly established between Captain Bergé and Major [[David Stirling|Stirling]], the commander of the newly created Special Air Service (SAS); the French detachment was soon incorporated into the SAS and became the French Squadron. From 1942 to 1943, the French SAS roamed the region, ranging as far as Crete hunting down Axis forces and destroying their aircraft and supply dumps. In November 1943, the 3rd and 4th Air Infantry were created and incorporated into the SAS Brigade along with their British and Belgian counterparts, the 1st and 2nd SAS Regiments. |
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The Free French SAS took an important part in the liberation of Europe. In [[Brittany]], a little after midnight on [[D-Day]], June 6, 1944, [[caporal (military rank)|Caporal]] Emile Bouétard (born in Brittany, 1915) was the first soldier killed in action in [[Plumelec]], [[Morbihan]]. On August 1, 1944, the 3rd and 4th Air Infantry battalions were renamed the 2nd and 3rd Chasseur Parachute battalions. As a reward for their bravery, King [[George VI]] awarded the Free French SAS the right to wear the red beret of the British SAS, which replaced the black beret worn until then. As the war drew to a close, 52 French SAS "sticks" (705 men) were parachuted into the Netherlands on April 7, 1945, causing major havoc in the rear areas of German occupation forces and easing pressure on the forward thrust of the [[II Canadian Corps|2nd Canadian Army Corps]]. |
The Free French SAS took an important part in the liberation of Europe. In [[Brittany]], a little after midnight on [[D-Day]], June 6, 1944, [[caporal (military rank)|Caporal]] Emile Bouétard (born in Brittany, 1915) was the first soldier killed in action in [[Plumelec]], [[Morbihan]]. On August 1, 1944, the 3rd and 4th Air Infantry battalions were renamed the 2nd and 3rd Chasseur Parachute battalions. As a reward for their bravery, King [[George VI]] awarded the Free French SAS the right to wear the red beret of the British SAS, which replaced the black beret worn until then. As the war drew to a close, 52 French SAS "sticks" (705 men) were parachuted into the Netherlands on April 7, 1945, causing major havoc in the rear areas of German occupation forces and easing pressure on the forward thrust of the [[II Canadian Corps|2nd Canadian Army Corps]]. |
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The Free French SAS took a major part in the epic battles{{clarify|date=August 2020}} of the SAS in Africa, France, Belgium, the Netherlands and Germany, earning French and foreign awards (including many British |
The Free French SAS took a major part in the epic battles{{clarify|date=August 2020}} of the SAS in Africa, France, Belgium, the Netherlands and Germany, earning French and foreign awards (including many British [[Distinguished Service Order|DSO]]s, [[Military Cross|MC]]s and [[Military Medal|MM]]s). The regimental colours of the 1<sup>er</sup> RPIMa have also been decorated with the U.S. [[Bronze Star Medal]], the Dutch [[Bronze Cross (Netherlands)|Bronze Cross]] and the Belgian [[Croix de Guerre]]. Today, this SAS heritage is still evident in its regimental motto "Qui Ose Gagne" ("Who Dares Wins") and in the awarding of the RAPAS Wings, reminiscent of the wartime SAS "Operational Wings" that can only be awarded to 1<sup>er</sup> RPIMa operators after they have successfully passed a series of strict selection requirements, including operational deployments. |
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=== 1945–1974 === |
=== 1945–1974 === |
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{{Expand section|date=August 2020}} |
{{Expand section|date=August 2020}} |
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[[File:Paul Détrie - Obsèques Bayonne 1962.jpg|thumb|250px|1<sup>er</sup> RPIMa in Bayonne, 1962]] |
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Between 1945 and 1954 the unit that was later to become the 1<sup>er</sup> RPIMa after a series of name changes, took part in the war in Indochina, performing several of the more than 160 combat jumps carried out by French paratroopers during that conflict. After the war, the regiment underwent structural changes and became a training depot for the entire colonial airborne forces. As such, it did not take part in the Algerian conflict. |
Between 1945 and 1954 the unit that was later to become the 1<sup>er</sup> RPIMa after a series of name changes, took part in the war in Indochina, performing several of the more than 160 combat jumps carried out by French paratroopers during that conflict. After the war, the regiment underwent structural changes and became a training depot for the entire colonial airborne forces. As such, it did not take part in the Algerian conflict. |
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In the 80s and 90s the regiment deployed dozens of times to various hotspots on the planet. While engaged in [[Operation Desert Storm]], the 1<sup>er</sup> RPIMa lost two of its men in Iraq in 1991. |
In the 80s and 90s the regiment deployed dozens of times to various hotspots on the planet. While engaged in [[Operation Desert Storm]], the 1<sup>er</sup> RPIMa lost two of its men in Iraq in 1991. |
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A year later, the creation of the French [[Commandement des Opérations Spéciales|Special Operations Command]] (Commandement des Opérations Spéciales, COS) led to a major shake-up of French special forces units to incorporate the [[lessons learned]] in the [[First Gulf War]]. As part of this process, in 1997, the nucleus of what was to become the army's BFST (Brigade des Forces Spéciales Terre) (Land Special Forces Brigade) was created and the 1<sup>er</sup> RPIMa became its core unit. All the while, the regiment participated in operations in the Balkans and in Africa; it was specifically involved in stalking war criminals in [[Bosnia]], leading to several successful arrests of individuals indicted for [[war crimes]]. |
A year later, the creation of the French [[Commandement des Opérations Spéciales|Special Operations Command]] (Commandement des Opérations Spéciales, COS) led to a major shake-up of French special forces units to incorporate the [[lessons learned]] in the [[Gulf War|First Gulf War]]. As part of this process, in 1997, the nucleus of what was to become the army's BFST (Brigade des Forces Spéciales Terre) (Land Special Forces Brigade) was created and the 1<sup>er</sup> RPIMa became its core unit. All the while, the regiment participated in operations in the Balkans and in Africa; it was specifically involved in stalking war criminals in [[Bosnia]], leading to several successful arrests of individuals indicted for [[war crimes]]. |
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== |
== Current deployment== |
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[[File:Insigne infanterie de marine.png|thumb|Shoulder insignia]] |
[[File:Insigne infanterie de marine.png|thumb|Shoulder insignia]] |
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The 1<sup>er</sup> RPIMa is a modern, highly skilled and experienced Special Forces unit organized along company lines which is part of the [[French Army Special Forces Command]] (COM FST). The main strength of the regiment lies in its three RAPAS companies (RAPAS meaning Airborne Reconnaissance and Special Action) each specialised in a specific field such as [[High-altitude military parachuting|HAHO/HALO]], Counter-Terrorism, amphibious, jungle, mountain or motorized patrols operations and its RAPAS Signal company dedicated to C3 (Command, Control and Communications) support for Special Operations. |
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The 1<sup>er</sup> RPIMa also fields a Training and Operations company tasked with providing selection, basic and continuation training of the unit's manpower and a |
The 1<sup>er</sup> RPIMa also fields a Training and Operations company tasked with providing selection, basic and continuation training of the unit's manpower and a logistics company which supports the regiment in its daily and operational missions. As the unit was inspired by the British [[Special Air Service]], it has still much in common with them, including missions and capabilities. |
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=== Unit specialization === |
=== Unit specialization === |
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* CTLO (Counter-terrorism and hostage rescue teams |
* CTLO (Counter-terrorism and hostage rescue teams) |
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* GDC ( |
* GDC (Garde du Corps) |
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* THP ( |
* THP/TELD (Tireurs Haute Précision / Tireur d'élite longue distance, snipers) |
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* |
* SCO (Paratrooper – SAS Chuteurs Opérationnels) |
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* |
* PAT SAS (motorized patrols. Patrouilles SAS) |
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* |
* SPO (SAS Plongeurs Offensifs, offensive divers) |
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* Mountain, arctic, desert, and jungle warfare |
* Mountain, arctic, desert, and jungle warfare |
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* Explosives and demolitions |
* Explosives and demolitions |
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== Organisation and structure == |
== Organisation and structure == |
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Due to its long history with the [[British Special Air Service]] much of the 1<sup>er</sup> |
Due to its long history with the [[British Special Air Service]] much of the 1<sup>er</sup> RPIMA core aspects are based upon the British SAS. Each company specializes in a particular area. |
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* Four main RAPAS (Airborne Reconnaissance and Special Action) combat companies: |
* Four main RAPAS (Airborne Reconnaissance and Special Action) combat companies: |
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** 1<sup>e</sup> Compagnie |
** 1<sup>e</sup> Compagnie: Paratroopers, [[HAHO]] [[HALO jump|HALO]], counter-terrorism, and bodyguards |
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** 2<sup>e</sup> Compagnie |
** 2<sup>e</sup> Compagnie: Mountain, arctic, desert and jungle warfare |
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** 3<sup>e</sup> Compagnie |
** 3<sup>e</sup> Compagnie: Motorized patrols |
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** 4<sup>e</sup> Compagnie |
** 4<sup>e</sup> Compagnie: Counter terrorism, hostage rescue, and reconnaissance in urban areas |
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There is also one command and logistics company and a training and operations company which is in charge of |
There is also one command and logistics company and a training and operations company which is in charge of recruiting, and initial and continuing training. |
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Each company is split in RAPAS sections. Each section includes 30 men. |
Each company is split in RAPAS sections. Each section includes 30 men. |
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The 1<sup>er</sup> RPIMa is based in [[Bayonne]], which makes amphibious and mountain training possible. |
The 1<sup>er</sup> RPIMa is based in [[Bayonne]], which makes amphibious and mountain training possible. This location is also ideal due to its proximity to the Centre d'Entrainement Adaptée (CTA), Europe's largest and most modern Close Quarter Battle (CQB) facility and to the dedicated assets of the French army's Special Forces Aviation Detachment (DAOS) and airborne school (ETAP), both establishments that are essential to its training and operations. |
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== Weapons and equipment == |
== Weapons and equipment == |
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** So as to prepare RAPAS units of the 1er RPIMa for operations over difficult terrain it can use French and foreign training centers on the world |
** So as to prepare RAPAS units of the 1er RPIMa for operations over difficult terrain it can use French and foreign training centers on the world |
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** Mountain, jungle and desert training exercises are scheduled every year |
** Mountain, jungle and desert training exercises are scheduled every year |
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** RAPAS team members are sent regularly as permanent instructors to jungle and desert schools in French |
** RAPAS team members are sent regularly as permanent instructors to jungle and desert schools in French Guiana or friendly African countries |
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** Every year, the Regiment sends some of its members to foreign schools to improve its tactics and procedures in hostile environments (jungle, bush...) |
** Every year, the Regiment sends some of its members to foreign schools to improve its tactics and procedures in hostile environments (jungle, bush...) |
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** A regular influx of experienced NCOs volunteering from the French 27th Mountain Infantry Brigade keeps the Regiment up-to-date on modern mountaineering techniques |
** A regular influx of experienced NCOs volunteering from the French 27th Mountain Infantry Brigade keeps the Regiment up-to-date on modern mountaineering techniques |
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The last step of selection is the "stage CTE RAPAS" lasting six months. After completion of this "stage", candidates are fully assigned to the regiment as special force soldier. They will attend additional training to become specialists (bodyguards, pathfinders, etc.) |
The last step of selection is the "stage CTE RAPAS" lasting six months. After completion of this "stage", candidates are fully assigned to the regiment as special force soldier. They will attend additional training to become specialists (bodyguards, pathfinders, etc.) |
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The unit is known to train with some of the best special forces units in the world these include the US Army’s [[Delta Force]],Australia’s [[2nd Commando Regiment]],British [[Special Air Service|SAS]],Poland’s [[JW GROM]] |
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and Belgium’s [[Special Forces Group|SFG]]. |
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== Traditions == |
== Traditions == |
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=== Decorations === |
=== Decorations === |
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The most decorated French and allied unit of the [[World War II|Second World War]] |
The most decorated French and allied unit of the [[World War II|Second World War]] |
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* Croix de la [[Légion d'honneur]].<ref>[http://www.france-phaleristique.com/lh.htm Collectivité décorées de la Légion |
* Croix de la [[Légion d'honneur]].<ref>[http://www.france-phaleristique.com/lh.htm Collectivité décorées de la Légion d'honneur, 1er brigade de parachutistes coloniaux] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100105140300/http://www.france-phaleristique.com/lh.htm |date=January 5, 2010 }} - Ordre de la Légion d'honneur, France-Phaleristique.com</ref> |
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* [[Ordre de la Libération]] as heir to the 2nd Parachute Chasseur Regiment of the Air Force, the regiment bears wearing the decoration bestowed on November 11, 1944 by général [[Charles de Gaulle]], under the [[Arc de Triomphe]] at [[Paris]] to the [[2nd Parachute Chasseur Regiment]] [[List of French paratrooper units|2<sup>e</sup> R.C.P]] of the Air Force. |
* [[Ordre de la Libération]] as heir to the 2nd Parachute Chasseur Regiment of the Air Force, the regiment bears wearing the decoration bestowed on November 11, 1944 by général [[Charles de Gaulle]], under the [[Arc de Triomphe]] at [[Paris]] to the [[2nd Parachute Chasseur Regiment]] [[List of French paratrooper units|2<sup>e</sup> R.C.P]] of the Air Force. |
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* [[Croix de guerre 1939-1945]] with 6 palms. |
* [[Croix de guerre 1939-1945]] with 6 palms. |
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== External links == |
== External links == |
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* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070125010643/http://www.rpima1.terre.defense.gouv.fr/index.html 1er RPIMa Official website] |
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070125010643/http://www.rpima1.terre.defense.gouv.fr/index.html 1er RPIMa Official website] |
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* [http://www.quiosegagne.asso.fr/ QUI OSE GAGNE: Association des Anciens Parachutistes Troupe de Marine et anciens de la Brigade des Parachutistes Coloniaux héritiers des S.A.S] |
* [http://www.quiosegagne.asso.fr/ QUI OSE GAGNE: Association des Anciens Parachutistes Troupe de Marine et anciens de la Brigade des Parachutistes Coloniaux héritiers des S.A.S] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215101053/http://www.quiosegagne.asso.fr/ |date=2013-12-15 }} |
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* [http://www.quiosegagne.asso.fr/history/1st-rpima-today QUI OSE GAGNE: Association des Anciens Parachutistes Troupe de Marine et anciens de la Brigade des Parachutistes Coloniaux héritiers des S.A.S] |
* [http://www.quiosegagne.asso.fr/history/1st-rpima-today QUI OSE GAGNE: Association des Anciens Parachutistes Troupe de Marine et anciens de la Brigade des Parachutistes Coloniaux héritiers des S.A.S] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210801101058/http://www.quiosegagne.asso.fr/history/1st-rpima-today |date=2021-08-01 }} |
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* QUI OSE GAGNE: Association des Anciens Parachutistes Troupe de Marine |
* QUI OSE GAGNE: Association des Anciens Parachutistes Troupe de Marine et anciens de la Brigade des Parachutistes Coloniaux héritiers des S.A.S |
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et anciens de la Brigade des Parachutistes Coloniaux héritiers des S.A.S |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Marine Infantry Parachute Regiment, 1st}} |
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1st Marine Infantry Parachute Regiment | |
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1er Régiment de Parachutistes d'Infanterie de Marine | |
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Regimental beret badge
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Active | September 15, 1940 – present |
Country | ![]() |
Branch | ![]() |
Type | Special Forces |
Size | 865 authorized personnel (2017) |
Part of | French Army Special Forces Command |
Garrison/HQ | Bayonne, France |
Motto(s) | Qui Ose Gagne (Who Dares Wins) |
Anniversaries | Saint-Michel Day |
Engagements | World War II First Indochina War Lebanese Civil War
Multinational Force in Lebanon Operation Enduring Freedom Opération Licorne Operation Serval Global War on Terrorism (2001–present) |
Commanders | |
Current commander | Colonel Cutajar |
Insignia | |
Identification symbol | ![]() |
Abbreviation | 1er R.P.I.Ma |
The 1st Marine Infantry Parachute Regiment (French: 1er Régiment de Parachutistes d'Infanterie de Marine) or 1er RPIMa is a unit of the French Army Special Forces Command, therefore part of the Special Operations Command.
Heirs to the Free French paratroopers of the 3rd and 4th squadrons of the Special Air Service (SAS) founded in the United Kingdom during WWII, the 1er RPIMa is sometimes referred to as the "French SAS" and still uses the same motto as their British counterparts to this day: Qui ose gagne (French for "Who Dares Wins").
Quite unusually for the French Armed Forces, the affiliations of this unit are various, not directly related to each other, and numerous. The regiment is heir simultaneously to formations of the French Air Force, mainland infantry, Troupes coloniales and Troupes de marine.
The brigade
The regiment
Despite its name, the 1er RPIMa is part of the French Army, like other Marine units. The naval infantry background dates back to 1762, when units of the French Army were detached to the French Navy for ship-borne and overseas duties.
It is the heir to the first Colonial Parachute Commando Demi-Brigade, whose origins date back to World War II. Under the command of Captain Georges Bergé, the 1st Air Company was created in England on September 15, 1940 with parachute units of the Special Air Service (SAS). The 1e CCP/SAS was created in 1941 in Scotland. From 1942 to 1944, this company was engaged in Crete, Libya, Tunisia, Brittany, Belgium, and the Netherlands.
Afterwards, the company was dissolved and re-designated as an SAS Parachute Demi-Brigade from 1946 to 1949, then 1st Colonial Parachute Commando Demi-Brigade from 1949 to 1955 in Indochina. It was classified as B.P.C in Algeria from 1955 to 1958, the B.C.C.P dissolved and re-designated from 1959 to 1960 as G.I.B.P.OM then in 1960 B.P.C.I.Ma and renamed in 1962 1erR.P.I.Ma which retained the SAS emblem.
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The 1er RPIMa inherited the traditions of the two Free French Special Air Service (SAS) Regiments that served with distinction alongside the British SAS Brigade during World War II. On September 15, 1940, General Charles de Gaulle signed the activation order of the 1ère Compagnie d'Infanterie de l'Air (1ère CIA) of the Free French Forces, or 1st Free French Airborne Infantry Company, under the command of Captain Bergé.
The 1ère CIA began operational missions, parachuting into occupied France in March 1941. The company was then split into two units, a covert action unit used for clandestine operations and a conventional and uniformed company sent to North Africa in September 1941 to fight Axis Forces along with British Forces.
A very good relationship was quickly established between Captain Bergé and Major Stirling, the commander of the newly created Special Air Service (SAS); the French detachment was soon incorporated into the SAS and became the French Squadron. From 1942 to 1943, the French SAS roamed the region, ranging as far as Crete hunting down Axis forces and destroying their aircraft and supply dumps. In November 1943, the 3rd and 4th Air Infantry were created and incorporated into the SAS Brigade along with their British and Belgian counterparts, the 1st and 2nd SAS Regiments.
The Free French SAS took an important part in the liberation of Europe. In Brittany, a little after midnight on D-Day, June 6, 1944, Caporal Emile Bouétard (born in Brittany, 1915) was the first soldier killed in action in Plumelec, Morbihan. On August 1, 1944, the 3rd and 4th Air Infantry battalions were renamed the 2nd and 3rd Chasseur Parachute battalions. As a reward for their bravery, King George VI awarded the Free French SAS the right to wear the red beret of the British SAS, which replaced the black beret worn until then. As the war drew to a close, 52 French SAS "sticks" (705 men) were parachuted into the Netherlands on April 7, 1945, causing major havoc in the rear areas of German occupation forces and easing pressure on the forward thrust of the 2nd Canadian Army Corps.
The Free French SAS took a major part in the epic battles[clarification needed] of the SAS in Africa, France, Belgium, the Netherlands and Germany, earning French and foreign awards (including many British DSOs, MCs and MMs). The regimental colours of the 1er RPIMa have also been decorated with the U.S. Bronze Star Medal, the Dutch Bronze Cross and the Belgian Croix de Guerre. Today, this SAS heritage is still evident in its regimental motto "Qui Ose Gagne" ("Who Dares Wins") and in the awarding of the RAPAS Wings, reminiscent of the wartime SAS "Operational Wings" that can only be awarded to 1er RPIMa operators after they have successfully passed a series of strict selection requirements, including operational deployments.
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Between 1945 and 1954 the unit that was later to become the 1er RPIMa after a series of name changes, took part in the war in Indochina, performing several of the more than 160 combat jumps carried out by French paratroopers during that conflict. After the war, the regiment underwent structural changes and became a training depot for the entire colonial airborne forces. As such, it did not take part in the Algerian conflict.
In 1960 1er RPIMa was created. It continued in the training role until 1974, when the 1er RPIMa was transformed into a Special Forces unit, a role it still plays today.
The unit's mission has been mostly to support France's interests in Africa. Between 1974 and 1981, the 1er RPIMa underwent another mission change to focus on long-range reconnaissance patrols for almost a decade, while it still used its training skills to training friendly forces abroad.
In the 80s and 90s the regiment deployed dozens of times to various hotspots on the planet. While engaged in Operation Desert Storm, the 1er RPIMa lost two of its men in Iraq in 1991.
A year later, the creation of the French Special Operations Command (Commandement des Opérations Spéciales, COS) led to a major shake-up of French special forces units to incorporate the lessons learned in the First Gulf War. As part of this process, in 1997, the nucleus of what was to become the army's BFST (Brigade des Forces Spéciales Terre) (Land Special Forces Brigade) was created and the 1er RPIMa became its core unit. All the while, the regiment participated in operations in the Balkans and in Africa; it was specifically involved in stalking war criminals in Bosnia, leading to several successful arrests of individuals indicted for war crimes.
The 1er RPIMa is a modern, highly skilled and experienced Special Forces unit organized along company lines which is part of the French Army Special Forces Command (COM FST). The main strength of the regiment lies in its three RAPAS companies (RAPAS meaning Airborne Reconnaissance and Special Action) each specialised in a specific field such as HAHO/HALO, Counter-Terrorism, amphibious, jungle, mountain or motorized patrols operations and its RAPAS Signal company dedicated to C3 (Command, Control and Communications) support for Special Operations.
The 1er RPIMa also fields a Training and Operations company tasked with providing selection, basic and continuation training of the unit's manpower and a logistics company which supports the regiment in its daily and operational missions. As the unit was inspired by the British Special Air Service, it has still much in common with them, including missions and capabilities.
Due to its long history with the British Special Air Service much of the 1er RPIMA core aspects are based upon the British SAS. Each company specializes in a particular area.
There is also one command and logistics company and a training and operations company which is in charge of recruiting, and initial and continuing training.
Each company is split in RAPAS sections. Each section includes 30 men.
The 1er RPIMa is based in Bayonne, which makes amphibious and mountain training possible. This location is also ideal due to its proximity to the Centre d'Entrainement Adaptée (CTA), Europe's largest and most modern Close Quarter Battle (CQB) facility and to the dedicated assets of the French army's Special Forces Aviation Detachment (DAOS) and airborne school (ETAP), both establishments that are essential to its training and operations.
The main weapon used by the 1er RPIMa is the HK416 5.56x45mm assault rifle. Besides this, SIG 550, M4 and FN SCAR assault rifles are also used by French Army Special Forces. Sometimes M203orHK69 grenade launchers are also used. For CQB the MP5 series and FN P90 are used as the main weapons, the 10.4 inches version of the HK416 is also sometimes used. The Glock 17 and H&K USP are the standard sidearm carried by the soldiers. The ARWEN 37 mm grenade launcher is used in CQB work to launch CS gas into buildings. The Benelli M4 shotgun is also used during CQB, to take down doors. FN Minimi is used as light machine gun, 5.56mm and 7.62mm, and snipers use the HK417orHecate II rifles. Sometimes MILAN missiles have been used in combat to provide fire support.
They wear standard French camouflage and webbing, except when doing CT/HR/CQB work. CQB kit includes a black balaclava, black nomex coveralls, non-slip boots, special webbing and holsters, medical kit for teams medics, gas masks, and special communications equipment.
VPS Panhard VPS (Véhicule Patrouille SAS), based on the Mercedes-Benz 270 CDI G-Class 4x4 light tactical vehicle, is the vehicle used by French Army Special Forces. It is a rapidly deployable vehicle capable of long-duration missions in extremes of climate. An armored floor provides anti-landmine protection to the crew and VPS is air transportable by C-160 Transall or C-130 Hercules. In the French Army the VPS is equipped with 360° ring-mount over the rear body which is armed with a Browning 12.7mm heavy machine gun or Gatling machine gun. One more 7.62mm machine is mounted on swivel station at the front of the crew compartment which is operated by the vehicle commander.
The 1er RPIMa is tasked with several jobs. These include: bodyguard for VIPs in conflict areas, direct action, reconnaissance, sabotage, unconventional warfare and hostage rescue. While their name states they are Marine Infantry, they are in fact Army.
The 1er RPIMa relies on a number of skills to successfully carry out its missions. Most skills are either regiment or brigade-specific and need constant honing to be kept at the desired level of proficiency. They can be divided into several generic fields:
Officers and NCOs joining the regiment have to attend the same selection and training as enlisted personnel.
Enlisted soldiers in the French Army can try to join super RPIMA, between their first and third years of active duty.
First step is a profile selection: Candidates will be selected regarding unit requirements and personal file (e.g. if the regiment needs some mountain specialists, they will ask for more mountain troopers to come for the selection). Candidates selected must attend the two weeks basic airborne training prior the SF training, for those who are not already enlisted in an airborne regiment.
Second step of selection is "adaptation training" and "stage commando" lasting twelve weeks. Candidates must be above average to continue the training. Most cases of failure and RTU occur during this phase.
The last step of selection is the "stage CTE RAPAS" lasting six months. After completion of this "stage", candidates are fully assigned to the regiment as special force soldier. They will attend additional training to become specialists (bodyguards, pathfinders, etc.)
The anniversary is celebrated of fighting in Bazeilles, a village which was taken and abandoned four consecutive times under orders, on August 31 and September 1, 1870.
In the Name of God, long live the colonial !
The Marsouins and the Bigors have for Saint, God. This war calling concludes intimate ceremonies which part life in the regiments. Often also at origin as an act of grace to Charles de Foucauld.
Saint-Michael: As a paratrooper regiment, the 1er R.P.I.Ma celebrates each year on September 29, the Patron-Saint of Paratroopers. This celebration gives rise to various events with veterans.
« Who dares wins » is the general motto of the British SAS, translated in French to « Qui ose gagne ».
The unit is the only parachute regiments of the Marines to wear purple berets as opposed to the standard red beret of other units.
The list of operations shows a world-wide commitment since it ranges from Afghanistan to Africa and the Balkans.
The most decorated French and allied unit of the Second World War
The officers and members of this regiment wear one of four Fourragères:
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