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added hatnote referral to Abbe (name)
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[[Image:Abbé, Nordisk familjebok.png|thumb|upright|French ''abbé'' of the 18th century]] |
[[Image:Abbé, Nordisk familjebok.png|thumb|upright|French ''abbé'' of the 18th century]] |
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'''''Abbé''''' (from [[Latin]] ''abbas'', in turn from [[Greek language|Greek]] {{lang|grc|ἀββᾶς}}, ''abbas'', from [[Aramaic]] ''abba'', a title of honour, literally meaning "the father, my father", emphatic state of ''abh'', "father")<ref>{{OEtymD|abbot}}</ref> is the French word for an [[abbot]]. It is the title for lower-ranking [[Catholic]] clergy in France.{{sfn|A'Becket|1913}} |
'''''Abbé''''' (from [[Latin]] ''abbas'', in turn from [[Greek language|Greek]] {{lang|grc|ἀββᾶς}}, ''abbas'', from [[Aramaic]] ''abba'', a title of honour, literally meaning "the father, my father", emphatic state of ''abh'', "father")<ref>{{OEtymD|abbot}}</ref> is the French word for an [[abbot]]. It is also the title used for lower-ranking [[Catholic]] [[clergy]] in France who are not members of [[religious order]]s.{{sfn|A'Becket|1913}} |
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==History== |
==History== |
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Abbé (from Latin abbas, in turn from Greek ἀββᾶς, abbas, from Aramaic abba, a title of honour, literally meaning "the father, my father", emphatic state of abh, "father")[1] is the French word for an abbot. It is also the title used for lower-ranking Catholic clergy in France who are not members of religious orders.[2]
Aconcordat between Pope Leo X and King Francis I of France (1516)[3] gave the kings of France the right to nominate 255 commendatory abbots (abbés commendataires) for almost all French abbeys, who received income from a monastery without needing to render service, creating, in essence, a sinecure.[4]
From the mid-16th century, the title of abbé has been used in France for all young clergy, with or without consecration.[2] Their clothes consisted of black or dark violet robes with a small collar, and they were tonsured.[4]
Since such abbés only rarely commanded an abbey, they often worked in upper-class families as tutors, spiritual directors, etc.;[2] some (such as Gabriel Bonnot de Mably) became writers.[4]
Clerical oblates and seminarians of the Institute of Christ the King Sovereign Priest also have the honorific title of abbé.
