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{{Infobox military conflict |
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[[File:Flag_of_Jihad.svg|right|thumb|One of the flags of Al-Qaeda.]] |
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| conflict = Al-Qaeda involvement in Asia |
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| partof = [[War on Terrorism]] |
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| image = Flag_of_Jihad.svg |
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| caption = Flag of Al-Qaeda |
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| date = 1990s–present |
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| place = Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand, and other countries in Asia |
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| result = Ongoing |
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| combatant1 = {{flagicon|USA}} [[United States]]<br>{{flagicon|NATO}} [[NATO]]<br>{{flagicon|Afghanistan|2013}} [[Afghanistan]] (2004 — 2021)<br>{{flagicon|Pakistan}} [[Pakistan]]<br>{{flagicon|India}} [[India]]<br>{{flagicon|Philippines}} [[Philippines]]<br>{{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Indonesia]]<br>{{flagicon|Thailand}} [[Thailand]]<br>{{flagicon|Australia}} [[Australia]]<br>{{flagicon|New Zealand}} [[New Zealand]] |
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| combatant2 = {{flagicon|Al-Qaeda}} [[Al-Qaeda]]<br/> '''affiliated groups'''<br/>{{unbulleted list| |
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* [[Taliban]] |
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* [[Lashkar-e-Taiba]] |
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* [[Jemaah Islamiyah]] |
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*{{flagicon image|Flag of JTJ.svg|23px}}{{flagicon image|Flag of al-Qaeda in Iraq.svg}} [[Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad]] |
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* [[Abu Sayyaf]] |
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* [[Jaish-e-Mohammed]] |
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* [[Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan]] |
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* [[East Turkestan Islamic Movement]] |
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* [[Al-Nusra Front]] |
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* [[Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula]] |
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}} |
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| combatant3 = {{Flag|Iran}}<br/>{{Flag|Syria}}<br/>{{flagicon image|Houthis emblem.svg}} [[Houthis]]<br/>'''Supported by''':{{Flag|Russia}} |
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| commander1 = {{unbulleted list| |
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*{{Flagicon|USA}} [[George W. Bush]] |
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*{{Flagicon|USA}} [[Barack Obama]] |
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*{{Flagicon|USA}} [[Donald Trump]] |
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*{{Flagicon|USA}} [[Joe Biden]] |
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}} |
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| commander2 = {{unbulleted list| |
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*{{flagicon|Al-Qaeda}} [[Osama bin Laden]] {{KIA}} |
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*{{flagicon|Al-Qaeda}} [[Ayman al-Zawahiri]] {{KIA}} |
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*{{flagicon image|Flag of JTJ.svg|23px}}{{flagicon image|Flag of al-Qaeda in Iraq.svg}} [[Abu Musab al-Zarqawi]] {{KIA}} |
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*[[File:AQMI Flag asymmetric.svg|25px]] [[Anwar al-Awlaki]] {{KIA}} |
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}} |
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| commander3 = {{unbulleted list| |
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*{{flagicon|Syria}} [[Bashar al-Assad]] |
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*{{flagicon|Iran}} [[Qasem Soleimani]] {{KIA}} |
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}} |
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| strength1 = |
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| strength2 = |
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| strength3 = |
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| casualties1 = |
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| casualties2 = |
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| casualties3 = |
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| notes = |
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}} |
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It is believed that members of Al-Qaeda are hiding along the border of [[Afghanistan]] and northwest sections of [[Pakistan]]. In [[Iraq]], elements loosely associated with al-Qaeda, in the [[Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad]] organization commanded by [[Abu Musab al-Zarqawi]], have played a key role in the [[War in Iraq]]. |
It is believed that members of Al-Qaeda are hiding along the border of [[Afghanistan]] and northwest sections of [[Pakistan]]. In [[Iraq]], elements loosely associated with al-Qaeda, in the [[Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad]] organization commanded by [[Abu Musab al-Zarqawi]], have played a key role in the [[War in Iraq]]. |
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Osama bin Laden first took interest in [[Iraq]] when the country invaded [[Kuwait]] in 1990, raising concerns the secular [[Ba'ath Party|Baath]]ist government of Iraq might next set its sights on Saudi Arabia. In a letter sent to [[Fahd of Saudi Arabia|King Fahd]], he offered to send an army of mujahedeen to defend Saudi Arabia, but the offer was rebuffed.<ref>{{cite news|date= 28 May 2006 | title=Who is Osama Bin Laden? | work=BBC News | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/1551100.stm | access-date=29 May 2006| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060522105027/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/1551100.stm| archive-date= 22 May 2006 | url-status= live}}</ref> |
Osama bin Laden first took interest in [[Iraq]] when the country invaded [[Kuwait]] in 1990, raising concerns the secular [[Ba'ath Party|Baath]]ist government of Iraq might next set its sights on Saudi Arabia. In a letter sent to [[Fahd of Saudi Arabia|King Fahd]], he offered to send an army of mujahedeen to defend Saudi Arabia, but the offer was rebuffed.<ref>{{cite news|date= 28 May 2006 | title=Who is Osama Bin Laden? | work=BBC News | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/1551100.stm | access-date=29 May 2006| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060522105027/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/1551100.stm| archive-date= 22 May 2006 | url-status= live}}</ref> |
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In November 2001, a month after [[9/11|the 11 September attacks]], [[Mubarak al-Duri]] was contacted by Sudanese intelligence services who informed him that the [[FBI]] had sent Jack Cloonan and several other agents, to speak with a number of people known to have ties to Bin Laden. al-Duri and another Iraqi colleague agreed to meet with Cloonan in a [[safe house]] overseen by the intelligence service. They were asked whether there was any possible connection between [[Saddam Hussein]] and [[al-Qaeda]], and laughed stating that Bin Laden hated the dictator who he believed was a "Scotch-drinking, woman-chasing apostate."<ref>Silverstein, Ken. [[Los Angeles Times]], "Official Pariah Sudan Valuable to America's War on Terrorism", 29 April 2005</ref> |
In November 2001, a month after [[9/11|the 11 September attacks]], [[Mubarak al-Duri]] was contacted by [[Sudanese intelligence]] services who informed him that the [[FBI]] had sent Jack Cloonan and several other agents, to speak with a number of people known to have ties to Bin Laden. al-Duri and another Iraqi colleague agreed to meet with Cloonan in a [[safe house]] overseen by the intelligence service. They were asked whether there was any possible connection between [[Saddam Hussein]] and [[al-Qaeda]], and laughed stating that Bin Laden hated the dictator who he believed was a "Scotch-drinking, woman-chasing apostate."<ref>Silverstein, Ken. [[Los Angeles Times]], "Official Pariah Sudan Valuable to America's War on Terrorism", 29 April 2005</ref> |
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Links between Saddam's regime and al-Qaeda, as claimed by the Bush |
Links between Saddam's regime and al-Qaeda, as claimed by the Bush administration (which formed a crucial part of the [[Weapon of mass destruction|WMD]] justification for the Iraq invasion), were non-existent or exaggerated, according to the report of both the United States government's 9/11 Commission<ref>{{cite web|date=22 Jul 2004 |title=The 9/11 Commission Report, p.334 |work=United States Government Printing Office |url=http://www.gpoaccess.gov/911/pdf/sec10.pdf |access-date=2 May 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070415085524/http://www.gpoaccess.gov/911/pdf/sec10.pdf |archive-date=15 April 2007 }}</ref> and the Pentagon;<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://wpherald.com/articles/4137/1/Pentagon-report-There-was-no-Saddam-al-Qaida-connection/CIA-in-2002-found-no-cooperation.html |title=World Peace Herald: ''Pentagon report: There was no Saddam-al Qaida connection'' |access-date=4 September 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080921052424/http://wpherald.com/articles/4137/1/Pentagon-report-There-was-no-Saddam-al-Qaida-connection/CIA-in-2002-found-no-cooperation.html |archive-date=21 September 2008 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> despite these conclusions, [[Dick Cheney|Vice President Dick Cheney]] has continued to publicly assert an Iraqi–al-Qaeda link.<ref>{{cite web|date= 10 Sep 2006 | title=Cheney reasserts Iraq/al-Qaeda links | work=Financial Times | url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/1f27d8e4-4106-11db-827f-0000779e2340.html| access-date=10 May 2007| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070517170309/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/1f27d8e4-4106-11db-827f-0000779e2340.html| archive-date= 17 May 2007 | url-status= live}}</ref> The US claimed that al-Qaeda was in contact with the [[Kurds|Kurdish]] Islamist group [[Ansar al-Islam in Kurdistan|Ansar al-Islam]] from its inception in 1999; however, Ansar al-Islam's founder, [[Mullah Krekar]], has staunchly denied any such link.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/2713749.stm | title=Mullah denies Iraq al-Qaeda link | work=BBC News | author=Pam O'Toole | date=31 Jan 2003 | access-date=4 September 2008 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929150019/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/2713749.stm | archive-date=29 September 2007 | url-status=live | df=dmy-all }}</ref> |
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Since the [[2003 invasion of Iraq]], [[Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad|elements at first loosely associated with al-Qaeda]], commanded by [[Abu Musab al-Zarqawi]], have supported local resistance to the occupying coalition forces and the emerging government, particularly targeting Iraq's [[Shi'a Islam|Shia]] majority.<ref name="aljazeera">{{cite news|url=http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/407AAE91-AF72-45D7-83E9-486063C0E5EA.htm |publisher=Al Jazeera |title=Al-Zarqawi declares war on Iraqi Shia |date=14 September 2005 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051024004108/http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/407AAE91-AF72-45D7-83E9-486063C0E5EA.htm |archive-date=24 October 2005 |df=dmy }}</ref> They have been implicated in the bombing of the United Nations headquarters in Iraq,<ref>{{cite press release|publisher=[[U.S. Department of State]]|date=15 October 2004|title=Foreign Terrorist Organization: Designation of Jama?at al-Tawhid wa?al-Jihad and Aliases|url=https://2001-2009.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2004/37130.htm|access-date=21 Apr 2006 <!--DASHBot-->}}</ref> as well as hundreds of other small and large scale attacks on the military and civilian targets.<ref>{{cite news|first=Jim |last=Miklaszewski |title=With Tuesday's attacks, Abu Musab Zarqawi, a Jordanian militant with ties to al-Qaida, is now blamed for more than 700 terrorist killings in Iraq. |date=2 March 2004 |work=NBC News |url=http://drinkingliberally.org/blogs/louisville/archives/2006/03/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070210133840/http://drinkingliberally.org/blogs/louisville/archives/2006/03/ |archive-date=10 February 2007 |df=dmy }}</ref> Eventually, al-Zarqawi [[Al-Qaeda in Iraq|claimed allegiance to bin Laden]] in October 2004. |
Since the [[2003 invasion of Iraq]], [[Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad|elements at first loosely associated with al-Qaeda]], commanded by [[Abu Musab al-Zarqawi]], have supported local resistance to the occupying coalition forces and the emerging government, particularly targeting Iraq's [[Shi'a Islam|Shia]] majority.<ref name="aljazeera">{{cite news|url=http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/407AAE91-AF72-45D7-83E9-486063C0E5EA.htm |publisher=Al Jazeera |title=Al-Zarqawi declares war on Iraqi Shia |date=14 September 2005 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051024004108/http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/407AAE91-AF72-45D7-83E9-486063C0E5EA.htm |archive-date=24 October 2005 |df=dmy }}</ref> They have been implicated in the bombing of the United Nations headquarters in Iraq,<ref>{{cite press release|publisher=[[U.S. Department of State]]|date=15 October 2004|title=Foreign Terrorist Organization: Designation of Jama?at al-Tawhid wa?al-Jihad and Aliases|url=https://2001-2009.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2004/37130.htm|access-date=21 Apr 2006 <!--DASHBot-->}}</ref> as well as hundreds of other small and large scale attacks on the military and civilian targets.<ref>{{cite news|first=Jim |last=Miklaszewski |title=With Tuesday's attacks, Abu Musab Zarqawi, a Jordanian militant with ties to al-Qaida, is now blamed for more than 700 terrorist killings in Iraq. |date=2 March 2004 |work=NBC News |url=http://drinkingliberally.org/blogs/louisville/archives/2006/03/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070210133840/http://drinkingliberally.org/blogs/louisville/archives/2006/03/ |archive-date=10 February 2007 |df=dmy }}</ref> Eventually, al-Zarqawi [[Al-Qaeda in Iraq|claimed allegiance to bin Laden]] in October 2004. |
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Al-Zarqawi was killed by U.S. [[air strikes]] on a safe house near [[Baqubah]] on 7 June 2006. Before his death, he was allegedly trying to use Iraq as a launching pad for international terrorism, most notably dispatching suicide bombers to attack hotels and government targets in [[Jordan]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Furious Jordanians take to streets |date=11 November 2005 |publisher=CNN |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2005/WORLD/meast/11/10/jordan.blasts/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080720000637/http://edition.cnn.com/2005/WORLD/meast/11/10/jordan.blasts/index.html |archive-date=20 July 2008 }}</ref> Since the killing of al-Zarqawi, it was believed that [[Abu Ayyub al-Masri]] took over as head of "al-Qaeda in Iraq". On 3 September 2006 the second-in-command of "al-Qaeda in Iraq", [[Hamid Juma Faris Jouri al-Saeedi|Hamed Jumaa Farid al-Saeedi]] (also known as Abu Humam or Abu Rana), was arrested north of Baghdad, along with a group of his aides and followers.<ref>[[USA Today]]: [https://www.usatoday.com/news/world/iraq/2006-09-03-al-Qaeda-arrest_x.htm Suspected No. 2 al-Qaeda leader arrested] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080913105442/http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/iraq/2006-09-03-al-Qaeda-arrest_x.htm |date=13 September 2008 }}, 4 September 2006</ref> |
Al-Zarqawi was killed by U.S. [[air strikes]] on a safe house near [[Baqubah]] on 7 June 2006. Before his death, he was allegedly trying to use Iraq as a launching pad for international terrorism, most notably dispatching suicide bombers to attack hotels and government targets in [[Jordan]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Furious Jordanians take to streets |date=11 November 2005 |publisher=CNN |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2005/WORLD/meast/11/10/jordan.blasts/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080720000637/http://edition.cnn.com/2005/WORLD/meast/11/10/jordan.blasts/index.html |archive-date=20 July 2008 }}</ref> Since the killing of al-Zarqawi, it was believed that [[Abu Ayyub al-Masri]] took over as head of "al-Qaeda in Iraq". On 3 September 2006, the second-in-command of "al-Qaeda in Iraq", [[Hamid Juma Faris Jouri al-Saeedi|Hamed Jumaa Farid al-Saeedi]] (also known as Abu Humam or Abu Rana), was arrested north of Baghdad, along with a group of his aides and followers.<ref>[[USA Today]]: [https://www.usatoday.com/news/world/iraq/2006-09-03-al-Qaeda-arrest_x.htm Suspected No. 2 al-Qaeda leader arrested] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080913105442/http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/iraq/2006-09-03-al-Qaeda-arrest_x.htm |date=13 September 2008 }}, 4 September 2006</ref> |
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A 39-page document retrieved in November and a 16-page document retrieved in October give insight on how Al-Qaeda in Iraq is in panic and fear. The documents reveal how local fighters are being mistreated by the foreign fighters and labeled as "scoundrels, sectarians, and non-believers." Abu-Tariq, states that the number of fighters has dwindled from 600 to 20 fighters.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/iraq/article3346386.ece |title=Al-Qaeda leaders admit: 'We are in crisis. There is panic and fear' |access-date=4 September 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513121134/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/iraq/article3346386.ece |archive-date=13 May 2008 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref> |
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{{See also|Canal Hotel bombing|Al-Askari Mosque bombing (2006)|2007 al-Askari Mosque bombing}} |
{{See also|Canal Hotel bombing|Al-Askari Mosque bombing (2006)|2007 al-Askari Mosque bombing}} |
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==Israel and Palestine== |
==Israel and Palestine== |
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Bin Laden |
Bin Laden and Ayman al-Zawahiri repeatedly referred to the [[Palestinians|Palestinian]] cause in their manifestos and interviews. |
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[[Jund Ansar Allah]], a group which claims to be inspired by Al-Qaeda, is active in the [[Gaza Strip]].<ref>{{cite web|title='Hamas executing its rivals in Gaza' |url=http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1251145107235&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull |date=24 August 2009 |publisher=[[The Jerusalem Post]] |access-date=28 August 2009 }}{{dead link|date=June 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |
[[Jund Ansar Allah]], a group which claims to be inspired by Al-Qaeda, is active in the [[Gaza Strip]].<ref>{{cite web|title='Hamas executing its rivals in Gaza' |url=http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1251145107235&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull |date=24 August 2009 |publisher=[[The Jerusalem Post]] |access-date=28 August 2009 }}{{dead link|date=June 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |
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Members of an al-Qaeda cell were convicted of the 2009 [[Murder of Yafim Weinstein]] near [[Nazareth]]. |
Members of an al-Qaeda cell were convicted of the 2009 [[Murder of Yafim Weinstein]] near [[Nazareth]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Katz|first1=Yaakov|title=Barak outlaws Nazareth group with links to al-Qaida|url=http://www.jpost.com/Defense/Barak-outlaws-Nazareth-group-with-links-to-al-Qaida|access-date=7 September 2014|publisher=Jerusalem Post|date=July 26, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903112801/http://www.jpost.com/Defense/Barak-outlaws-Nazareth-group-with-links-to-al-Qaida|archive-date=3 September 2014|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Miskin|first1=Maayana|title=Nazareth Imam Convicted of Inciting Terror; An influential Nazareth imam has been convicted of inciting to terrorism, and founding a Salafist group with Al-Qaeda ideology|url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/154376#.VAuhUUjXOHk|access-date=7 September 2014|publisher=Israel National News|date=April 1, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140720103518/http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/154376#.VAuhUUjXOHk|archive-date=20 July 2014|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> |
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==Lebanon== |
==Lebanon== |
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[[Shakir al-Abssi]], a former associate of al-Qaeda in Iraq, recruited Palestinian refugees in Lebanon into [[Fatah al-Islam]] and rose against the government.<ref>Mekhennet, Souad/Moss, Michael. "[http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/03/15/news/lebanon.php A new face of Al Qaeda emerges in Lebanon] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070523065648/http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/03/15/news/lebanon.php |date=23 May 2007 }}", ''[[International Herald Tribune]]'', 15 March 2007. Retrieved 23 March 2007.</ref> The exact nature of the group's al-Qaeda links remains a matter of controversy. |
[[Shakir al-Abssi]], a former associate of al-Qaeda in Iraq, recruited Palestinian refugees in Lebanon into [[Fatah al-Islam]] and rose against the government.<ref>Mekhennet, Souad/Moss, Michael. "[http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/03/15/news/lebanon.php A new face of Al Qaeda emerges in Lebanon] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070523065648/http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/03/15/news/lebanon.php |date=23 May 2007 }}", ''[[International Herald Tribune]]'', 15 March 2007. Retrieved 23 March 2007.</ref> The exact nature of the group's al-Qaeda links remains a matter of controversy. |
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On 9 May 2008, the media outlet Presstv alleges that Al-Qaeda declared war on [[Hezbollah]].<ref>"[http://www.presstv.ir/detail.aspx?id=54916§ionid=351020203 Presstv.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080515100244/http://www.presstv.ir/detail.aspx?id=54916§ionid=351020203 |date=15 May 2008 }}"</ref> |
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==Saudi Arabia== |
==Saudi Arabia== |
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|archive-date=2010-05-28 |
|archive-date=2010-05-28 |
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}} |
}} |
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</ref><ref name=AsharqAlawsat2009-02-05> |
</ref><ref name=AsharqAlawsat2009-02-05>{{cite news |
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{{cite news |
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| url=http://aawsat.com/english/news.asp?section=1&id=15626 |
| url=http://aawsat.com/english/news.asp?section=1&id=15626 |
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| title=Al-Qaeda Using Iran as Base of Operations |
| title=Al-Qaeda Using Iran as Base of Operations |
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| date=2009-02-05 |
| date=2009-02-05 |
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| access-date=2009-02-06 |
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| archive-date=1 May 2011 |
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}} [https://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Faawsat.com%2Fenglish%2Fnews.asp%3Fsection%3D3%26id%3D15626&date=2009-02-06 mirror] |
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{{cite news |
{{cite news |
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|url=http://www.saudigazette.com.sa/index.cfm?method=home.regcon&contentID=2009020328293 |
|url=http://www.saudigazette.com.sa/index.cfm?method=home.regcon&contentID=2009020328293 |
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==Yemen== |
==Yemen== |
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Al-Qaeda was responsible for the '''USS ''Cole'' bombing''' was a [[suicide bombing]] attack against the [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]] [[destroyer]] [[USS Cole (DDG-67)|USS ''Cole'' (DDG 67)]] on 12 October 2000 while it was harbored in the [[Yemen]]i port of [[Aden]]. Seventeen American sailors were killed. |
Al-Qaeda was responsible for the '''USS ''Cole'' bombing''' which was a [[suicide bombing]] attack against the [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]] [[destroyer]] [[USS Cole (DDG-67)|USS ''Cole'' (DDG 67)]] on 12 October 2000, while it was harbored in the [[Yemen]]i port of [[Aden]]. Seventeen American sailors were killed. |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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| Al-Qaeda involvement in Asia | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of War on Terrorism | ||||||||
 Flag of Al-Qaeda | ||||||||
| ||||||||
| Belligerents | ||||||||
 United States NATO Afghanistan (2004 — 2021) Pakistan India Philippines Indonesia Thailand Australia New Zealand |
 Al-Qaedaaffiliated groups   Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad |
 Iran Syria HouthisSupported by:  Russia | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | ||||||||
|
Barack Obama Donald Trump Joe Biden |
Ayman al-Zawahiri † Abu Musab al-Zarqawi † Anwar al-Awlaki † |
Qasem Soleimani † | ||||||
It is believed that members of Al-Qaeda are hiding along the border of Afghanistan and northwest sections of Pakistan. In Iraq, elements loosely associated with al-Qaeda, in the Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad organization commanded by Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, have played a key role in the War in Iraq.
Osama bin Laden first took interest in Iraq when the country invaded Kuwait in 1990, raising concerns the secular Baathist government of Iraq might next set its sights on Saudi Arabia. In a letter sent to King Fahd, he offered to send an army of mujahedeen to defend Saudi Arabia, but the offer was rebuffed.[1]
In November 2001, a month after the 11 September attacks, Mubarak al-Duri was contacted by Sudanese intelligence services who informed him that the FBI had sent Jack Cloonan and several other agents, to speak with a number of people known to have ties to Bin Laden. al-Duri and another Iraqi colleague agreed to meet with Cloonan in a safe house overseen by the intelligence service. They were asked whether there was any possible connection between Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda, and laughed stating that Bin Laden hated the dictator who he believed was a "Scotch-drinking, woman-chasing apostate."[2]
Links between Saddam's regime and al-Qaeda, as claimed by the Bush administration (which formed a crucial part of the WMD justification for the Iraq invasion), were non-existent or exaggerated, according to the report of both the United States government's 9/11 Commission[3] and the Pentagon;[4] despite these conclusions, Vice President Dick Cheney has continued to publicly assert an Iraqi–al-Qaeda link.[5] The US claimed that al-Qaeda was in contact with the Kurdish Islamist group Ansar al-Islam from its inception in 1999; however, Ansar al-Islam's founder, Mullah Krekar, has staunchly denied any such link.[6]
Since the 2003 invasion of Iraq, elements at first loosely associated with al-Qaeda, commanded by Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, have supported local resistance to the occupying coalition forces and the emerging government, particularly targeting Iraq's Shia majority.[7] They have been implicated in the bombing of the United Nations headquarters in Iraq,[8] as well as hundreds of other small and large scale attacks on the military and civilian targets.[9] Eventually, al-Zarqawi claimed allegiance to bin Laden in October 2004.
Al-Zarqawi was killed by U.S. air strikes on a safe house near Baqubah on 7 June 2006. Before his death, he was allegedly trying to use Iraq as a launching pad for international terrorism, most notably dispatching suicide bombers to attack hotels and government targets in Jordan.[10] Since the killing of al-Zarqawi, it was believed that Abu Ayyub al-Masri took over as head of "al-Qaeda in Iraq". On 3 September 2006, the second-in-command of "al-Qaeda in Iraq", Hamed Jumaa Farid al-Saeedi (also known as Abu Humam or Abu Rana), was arrested north of Baghdad, along with a group of his aides and followers.[11]
A 39-page document retrieved in November and a 16-page document retrieved in October give insight on how Al-Qaeda in Iraq is in panic and fear. The documents reveal how local fighters are being mistreated by the foreign fighters and labeled as "scoundrels, sectarians, and non-believers." Abu-Tariq, states that the number of fighters has dwindled from 600 to 20 fighters.[12]
Bin Laden and Ayman al-Zawahiri repeatedly referred to the Palestinian cause in their manifestos and interviews.
Jund Ansar Allah, a group which claims to be inspired by Al-Qaeda, is active in the Gaza Strip.[13]
Members of an al-Qaeda cell were convicted of the 2009 Murder of Yafim Weinstein near Nazareth.[14][15]
Shakir al-Abssi, a former associate of al-Qaeda in Iraq, recruited Palestinian refugees in Lebanon into Fatah al-Islam and rose against the government.[16] The exact nature of the group's al-Qaeda links remains a matter of controversy.
On February 3, 2009, the government of Saudi Arabia published a list of 85 suspected terrorists.[17][18][19][20] One key aspect of its international involvement has been to make alliances, which are often "underutilized.".[21]
The Saudi government believed that all of these men were living outside of Saudi Arabia, and encouraged them to surrender themselves at the closest Saudi Embassy. Many of those named on the list were believed to be in Asia.[citation needed]
Al-Qaeda was responsible for the USS Cole bombing which was a suicide bombing attack against the U.S. Navy destroyer USS Cole (DDG 67) on 12 October 2000, while it was harbored in the Yemeni port of Aden. Seventeen American sailors were killed.
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Al-Arabiya satellite news channel said the statement identified one of the militants, Saleh Al-Qaraawi, as the leader of Al-Qaeda in Saudi Arabia.
