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#REDIRECT [[Bølling–Allerød Interstadial]] {{R from merge}} |
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The '''Allerød oscillation''' ({{lang-da|Allerødtiden}}) was a warm and moist global [[interstadial]] that occurred c.13,900 to 12,900 [[Before Present|BP]]. It was preceded by the [[Older Dryas]] and followed by the [[Younger Dryas]] cold periods.<ref>{{cite book|first= Nick|last= Ashton |title=Early Humans |publisher=William Collins |location = London |year=2017|page=313 |isbn=978-0-00-815035-8 }}</ref> The Allerød was nearly at the end of the [[Last Glacial Period]]. It raised temperatures in the northern Atlantic region to almost present-day levels, before they declined again in the [[Younger Dryas]], which was followed by the present warm [[Holocene]]. |
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The Allerød period was named after a type site in [[Furesø Municipality]] in [[Sjælland]], [[Denmark]] (near [[Copenhagen]]), where deposits created during the period were first identified in work published in 1901 by [[Nikolaj Hartz|Hartz]] and Milthers. This [[Blytt–Sernander period]] corresponds to [[Pollen zone]] II. |
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== Dating == |
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The Greenland oxygen isotope record shows the warming identified with the Allerød to be after about 14,100 BP and before about 12,900 BP. C-14 dates from an excavation on the shore of [[Lake Neuchâtel]], Switzerland, furnish a date of 14,000 BP, calibrated, for the start of the Allerød. Pollen cores from Berezina plain, [[Belarus]], give 11,800–10,900 BP uncal. Various researchers have similar ranges: 12,000–11,000, 11,700–11,000, etc. They all seem to roughly concur.{{Citation needed|date=May 2022}} The interstadial ended abruptly with a decline in temperatures within a decade and the onset of the glacial [[Younger Dryas]].<ref>[[Nicholas Wade|Wade, Nicholas]], ''Before the Dawn'', Penguin Press, 2006. pp. 123-124</ref> |
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The Allerød occurred during the last interstadial of the [[Pleistocene]]: the [[Windermere interstadial]] of Britain, the [[Woodgrange interstadial]] of Ireland and the [[Two Creeks Interval]] of North America. Although interstadials are defined by region, the Allerød period is not, being global in its effects; that is, the temperature and sea level rose everywhere, not just in north Europe. |
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== Flora == |
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During the Allerød, which foreshadowed the modern climate, mixed evergreen and deciduous forests prevailed in Eurasia, more deciduous toward the south, just as today. [[Birch]], [[aspen]], [[spruce]], [[pine]], [[larch]] and [[juniper]] were to be found extensively, mixed with [[oak]] and [[hazel]]. [[Poaceae|Grasses]] were to be found in more open regions. |
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== Fauna == |
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Some animals hunted were the [[red deer]], [[moose]], [[horse]], [[Irish elk]] and [[beaver]]. The ubiquitous [[brown bear]] was present as well. |
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== Humans == |
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Humans in north Eurasia were still in the [[hunter-gatherer]] stage. A variety of [[Palaeolithic]] cultures prevailed in Europe: the [[Federmesser culture|Federmesser]], [[Lyngby culture|Lyngby]], [[Bromme culture|Bromme]], [[Ahrensburg culture|Ahrensburg]] and [[Swiderian culture|Swiderian]]. In the [[Levant]], early alcohol use may have occurred during this time. <ref>{{cite journal |last1=Liu |first1=Li |last2=Wang |first2=Jiajing |last3=Rosenberg |first3=Danny |last4=Zhao |first4=Hao |last5=Lengyel |first5=György |last6=Nadel |first6=Dani |title=Fermented beverage and food storage in 13,000 y-old stone mortars at Raqefet Cave, Israel: Investigating Natufian ritual feasting |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports |date=October 2018 |volume=21 |pages=783–793 |doi=10.1016/j.jasrep.2018.08.008|s2cid=165595175 }}</ref> |
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== Sources == |
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{{reflist}} |
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== External links == |
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*[https://web.archive.org/web/20061003021556/http://www.ac.by/publications/litho/litho16.html Belarus] |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Allerod oscillation}} |
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[[Category:Nordic Stone Age]] |
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[[Category:Pleistocene events]] |
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[[Category:Last Glacial Maximum]] |
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[[Category:Blytt–Sernander system]] |
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