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{{short description|Village in central Ethiopia; capital of the Ethiopian Empire}} |
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{{hatnote|Not to be confused with [[Ambra Mariam]] ("Fort Mary"), a former settlement in Ethiopia northeast of Lake Tana.}} |
{{hatnote|Not to be confused with [[Ambra Mariam]] ("Fort Mary"), a former settlement in Ethiopia northeast of Lake Tana.}} |
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{{Redirect|Magdala, Ethiopia|the woreda|Magdala (woreda)}} |
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{{Infobox settlement |
{{Infobox settlement |
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|official_name = Amba Mariam |
|official_name = Amba Mariam |
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|native_name = |
|native_name = ዐምባ ማሪያም |
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|image_skyline = |
|image_skyline = |
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|imagesize = |
|imagesize = |
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|pushpin_mapsize = 300 |
|pushpin_mapsize = 300 |
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|pushpin_map_caption = Location in Ethiopia |
|pushpin_map_caption = Location in Ethiopia |
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|coordinates_region = ET |
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|subdivision_type = [[Countries of the world|Country]] |
|subdivision_type = [[Countries of the world|Country]] |
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|subdivision_name = [[Ethiopia]] |
|subdivision_name = [[Ethiopia]] |
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|subdivision_name2 = [[Debub Wollo Zone|Debub Wollo]] |
|subdivision_name2 = [[Debub Wollo Zone|Debub Wollo]] |
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|established_title = |
|established_title = |
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|established_date = |
|established_date = |
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|government_type = |
|government_type = |
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|leader_title = |
|leader_title = |
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|leader_name = |
|leader_name = |
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|area_magnitude = |
|area_magnitude = |
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|area_total_sq_mi = |
|area_total_sq_mi = |
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|area_total_km2 = |
|area_total_km2 = |
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|area_land_sq_mi = |
|area_land_sq_mi = |
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|area_land_km2 = |
|area_land_km2 = |
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|area_urban_sq_mi = |
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|area_metro_sq_mi = |
|area_metro_sq_mi = |
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|population_as_of= 2005 |
|population_as_of= 2005 |
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|population_footnotes = |
|population_footnotes = |
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|population_total = 1899 (est) |
|population_total = 1899 (est) |
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|population_urban = |
|population_urban = |
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|population_metro = |
|population_metro = |
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|population_density_sq_mi = |
|population_density_sq_mi = |
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|population_density_km2 = |
|population_density_km2 = |
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|timezone = |
|timezone = |
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|utc_offset = |
|utc_offset = |
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|timezone_DST = |
|timezone_DST = |
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|utc_offset_DST = |
|utc_offset_DST = |
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|coordinates = {{coord|11|12|N|39|17|E|region:ET|display=inline}} |
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|latd=11|latm=12|lats=|latNS=N |
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| ⚫ | |||
|longd=39|longm=17|longs=|longEW=E |
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|elevation_m = |
|elevation_m = |
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|elevation_ft = |
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|area_code = |
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|website = |
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|footnotes = |
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}} |
}} |
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'''Amba Mariam''' is a village in central [[Ethiopia]]. |
'''Amba Mariam''' ([[Amharic language|Amharic]]: ዐምባ ማሪያም) is a village in central [[Ethiopia]]. Formerly known as '''Magdala''' or '''Magdalena'''<ref>{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Magdala |volume=17|page=301}}</ref> (መቅደላ ''Magdalenā or Mäqdäla'') during the reign of [[Emperor of Ethiopia|Emperor]] [[Tewodros II]] (1855-1868). Located in the [[Debub Wollo Zone]] of the [[Amhara Region]], Amba Mariam has a longitude and latitude of {{coord|11|12|N|39|17|E|display=inline,title}}. |
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Based on figures from the [[Central Statistical Agency (Ethiopia)|Central Statistical Agency]] in 2005, this town has an estimated total population of 1,899, of whom 988 were males and 911 were females.<ref>[http://www.csa.gov.et/text_files/2005_national_statistics.htm CSA 2005 National Statistics], Table B.3 |
Based on figures from the [[Central Statistical Agency (Ethiopia)|Central Statistical Agency]] in 2005, this town has an estimated total population of 1,899, of whom 988 were males and 911 were females.<ref>[http://www.csa.gov.et/text_files/2005_national_statistics.htm CSA 2005 National Statistics], Table B.3 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061123121716/http://www.csa.gov.et/text_files/2005_national_statistics.htm |date=November 23, 2006 }}</ref> The 1994 census reported this town had a total population of 1,091, of whom 520 were males and 571 were females. It is one of three towns in [[Tenta (woreda)|Tenta]] [[woreda]]. |
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==History== |
== History == |
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[[File:Annesley Bay, Ethiopia 1867.jpg|thumb|left|British naval and support ships at the [[Gulf of Zula]] in December 1867]] |
[[File:Annesley Bay, Ethiopia 1867.jpg|thumb|left|British naval and support ships at the [[Gulf of Zula]] in December 1867]] |
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By the early 19th century, Magdala was a mountain stronghold, or ''[[amba (geology)|amba]]'' in the Wollo province of the |
By the early 19th century, Magdala was a mountain stronghold, or ''[[amba (geology)|amba]]'' in the Wollo province of the Amhara people. When [[Johann Ludwig Krapf]] camped at its foot on 26 March 1842, it was one of the strongholds of Imam Liban of the Were Himano, a "House" or a sub-group of the [[Wollo Oromo people|Wollo Oromo]].<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/journalsofrevmes00isen/journalsofrevmes00isen_djvu.txt ''Journals of the Rev. Messrs. Isenberg and Krapf, Missionaries of the Church Missionary Society, Detailing their proceedings in the kingdom of Shoa, and journeys in other parts of Abyssinia, in the years 1839, 1840, 1841 and 1842''], (London, 1843), p. 357</ref> |
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Emperor Tewodros II conquered Magdala on 22 September 1855.<ref>Sven Rubenson, ''King of Kings: Tewodros of Ethiopia'' (Addis Ababa: Haile Selassie I University, 1966), p. 52</ref> He constructed a number of buildings on the top of the mountain, including a church and a palace. In |
Emperor Tewodros II conquered Magdala on 22 September 1855.<ref>Sven Rubenson, ''King of Kings: Tewodros of Ethiopia'' (Addis Ababa: Haile Selassie I University, 1966), p. 52</ref> He constructed a number of buildings on the top of the mountain, including a church and a palace. In 1862, he imprisoned several European missionaries. Again in January 1864, he imprisoned the [[United Kingdom|British]] [[diplomat]], Charles Duncan Cameron inside the fortress over a perceived insult from [[Queen Victoria]]. A [[1868 Expedition to Abyssinia|British military expedition]] led by Sir [[Robert Napier, 1st Baron Napier of Magdala|Robert Napier]], landed at the [[Gulf of Zula]] on 4 December and set up a base camp at [[Zula]] before advancing on Magdala, which they reached in April 1868. Abandoned by the nobility and his followers, and after his remaining troops engaged the British forces at the [[Battle of Magdala]], Tewodros withdrew into the fortress on Amba Mariam and killed himself with a pistol a few days later as the final assault began. |
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[[File:AmbaMariam.jpg|thumb|Amba Mariam is the exact location where Emperor Tewodros II died]] |
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The British entered the capital, where they rescued the diplomats. Before departing from Abyssinia, Sir Robert allowed his troops to loot and burn Magdala, including its churches. The expedition looted a large number of treasures and religious items such as [[tabot]]s. These are still held in various museums and libraries in Europe, as well as in private collections.<ref>http://www.elginism.com/similar-cases/the-magdala-treasures-in-the-british-museum/20100222/2753/#sthash.pfmfTVwY.dpuf |
The British entered the capital, where they rescued the diplomats. Before departing from Abyssinia, Sir Robert allowed his troops to loot and burn Magdala, including its churches. The expedition looted a large number of treasures and religious items such as [[tabot]]s. These are still held in various museums and libraries in Europe, as well as in private collections.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.elginism.com/similar-cases/the-magdala-treasures-in-the-british-museum/20100222/2753/#sthash.pfmfTVwY.dpuf | title=The Magdala treasures in the British Museum | date=22 February 2010 }}</ref> A few items have been returned to Ethiopia, the most important being the crown of Tewodros II, which [[George V]] personally presented to the future Emperor [[Haile Selassie I of Ethiopia|Haile Selassie]] on his visit to England in 1925. Two tabots were returned in 2002 and 2003, from Scotland and England, respectively, prompting occasions of great rejoicing in the country.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4156/is_20020127/ai_n9626611|author=Jenifer Johnston|title=Ethiopian joy as church returns Ark of Covenant; Handover may|work=[[The Sunday Herald]]|date=January 27, 2002|access-date=May 12, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110810035902/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4156/is_20020127/ai_n9626611/|archive-date=August 10, 2011|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}(hosted by Find Articles)</ref><ref>[http://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2002/april22/17.22.html Odhiambo Okite, "Ethiopia: Returning a Tabot"], ''[[Christianity Today]]'', 22 April 2002. Retrieved 12 May 2013.</ref><ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3034860.stm Damian Zane, "Raided Lost Ark returns home"], [[BBC News]], 1 July 2003. Retrieved 12 May 2013.</ref> |
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</ref> A few items have been returned to Ethiopia, the most important being the crown of Tewodros II, which [[George V]] personally presented to the future Emperor [[Haile Selassie I of Ethiopia|Haile Selassie]] on his visit to England in 1925. Two tabots were returned in 2002 and 2003, from Scotland and England, respectively, prompting occasions of great rejoicing in the country.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4156/is_20020127/ai_n9626611|author=Jenifer Johnston|title=Ethiopian joy as church returns Ark of Covenant; Handover may|work=[[The Sunday Herald]]|date=January 27, 2002}} (hosted by Find Articles) {{Dead link|date=April 2015}}</ref><ref>[http://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2002/april22/17.22.html Odhiambo Okite, "Ethiopia: Returning a Tabot"], ''[[Christianity Today]]'', 22 April 2002. Retrieved 12 May 2013.</ref><ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3034860.stm Damian Zane, "Raided Lost Ark returns home"], [[BBC News]], 1 July 2003. Retrieved 12 May 2013.</ref> |
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{{as of|2009}} little remains of Tewodros's capital; the most visible item being Tewodros's |
{{as of|2009}} little remains of Tewodros's capital; the most visible item being Tewodros's [[cannon]] "[[Sebastopol (cannon)|Sebastopol]]". |
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The abandoned fortress was occupied briefly by ''Lij'' [[Iyasu V of Ethiopia|Iyasu]] after the defeat of his supporters in the [[Battle of Segale]]; troops of the victors subjected him and his followers to an unenthusiastic siege. |
The abandoned fortress was occupied briefly by ''Lij'' [[Iyasu V of Ethiopia|Iyasu]] after the defeat of his supporters in the [[Battle of Segale]]; troops of the victors subjected him and his followers to an unenthusiastic siege. On 18 July 1917, Iyasu slipped through the siege lines and rallied the peasantry of Wollo to revolt; the rebellion was crushed and many of Iyasu's generals were captured, forcing ''Lij'' Iyasu to flee to the [[Afar Depression]].<ref>Harold Marcus, ''Haile Sellassie I: The Formative Years'' (Lawrenceville, New Jersey: Red Sea Press, 1996), pp. 24-30</ref> |
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==See also== |
== See also == |
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{{portal|Africa}} |
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*[[Acoma Pueblo]] |
* [[Acoma Pueblo]] |
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==Notes== |
== Notes == |
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{{commons category|Amba Mariam}} |
{{commons category|Amba Mariam}} |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist|30em}} |
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[[Category:Populated places in the Amhara Region]] |
[[Category:Populated places in the Amhara Region]] |
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[[Category:Cities and towns in Ethiopia]] |
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[[Category:Ambas in Ethiopia|Mariam]] |
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Amba Mariam
ዐምባ ማሪያም
| |
|---|---|
  Amba Mariam Location in Ethiopia | |
| Coordinates: 11°12′N 39°17′E / 11.200°N 39.283°E / 11.200; 39.283 | |
| Country | Ethiopia |
| Region | Amhara |
| Zone | Debub Wollo |
| Population
(2005)
| |
| • Total | 1,899 (est) |
Amba Mariam (Amharic: ዐምባ ማሪያም) is a village in central Ethiopia. Formerly known as MagdalaorMagdalena[1] (መቅደላ Magdalenā or Mäqdäla) during the reign of Emperor Tewodros II (1855-1868). Located in the Debub Wollo Zone of the Amhara Region, Amba Mariam has a longitude and latitude of 11°12′N 39°17′E / 11.200°N 39.283°E / 11.200; 39.283.
Based on figures from the Central Statistical Agency in 2005, this town has an estimated total population of 1,899, of whom 988 were males and 911 were females.[2] The 1994 census reported this town had a total population of 1,091, of whom 520 were males and 571 were females. It is one of three towns in Tenta woreda.
By the early 19th century, Magdala was a mountain stronghold, or amba in the Wollo province of the Amhara people. When Johann Ludwig Krapf camped at its foot on 26 March 1842, it was one of the strongholds of Imam Liban of the Were Himano, a "House" or a sub-group of the Wollo Oromo.[3]
Emperor Tewodros II conquered Magdala on 22 September 1855.[4] He constructed a number of buildings on the top of the mountain, including a church and a palace. In 1862, he imprisoned several European missionaries. Again in January 1864, he imprisoned the British diplomat, Charles Duncan Cameron inside the fortress over a perceived insult from Queen Victoria. A British military expedition led by Sir Robert Napier, landed at the Gulf of Zula on 4 December and set up a base camp at Zula before advancing on Magdala, which they reached in April 1868. Abandoned by the nobility and his followers, and after his remaining troops engaged the British forces at the Battle of Magdala, Tewodros withdrew into the fortress on Amba Mariam and killed himself with a pistol a few days later as the final assault began.
The British entered the capital, where they rescued the diplomats. Before departing from Abyssinia, Sir Robert allowed his troops to loot and burn Magdala, including its churches. The expedition looted a large number of treasures and religious items such as tabots. These are still held in various museums and libraries in Europe, as well as in private collections.[5] A few items have been returned to Ethiopia, the most important being the crown of Tewodros II, which George V personally presented to the future Emperor Haile Selassie on his visit to England in 1925. Two tabots were returned in 2002 and 2003, from Scotland and England, respectively, prompting occasions of great rejoicing in the country.[6][7][8]
As of 2009[update] little remains of Tewodros's capital; the most visible item being Tewodros's cannon "Sebastopol".
The abandoned fortress was occupied briefly by Lij Iyasu after the defeat of his supporters in the Battle of Segale; troops of the victors subjected him and his followers to an unenthusiastic siege. On 18 July 1917, Iyasu slipped through the siege lines and rallied the peasantry of Wollo to revolt; the rebellion was crushed and many of Iyasu's generals were captured, forcing Lij Iyasu to flee to the Afar Depression.[9]
