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| foundation = {{start date and age|2016}} |
| foundation = {{start date and age|2016}} |
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| founder = Michael T. Suffredini<br />[[Kam Ghaffarian]]<ref name="ACSS"/> |
| founder = Michael T. Suffredini<br />[[Kam Ghaffarian]]<ref name="ACSS"/> |
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| location_city = [[Houston, Texas]]<br /> |
| location_city = [[Houston, Texas]]<br />United States |
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| key_people = {{unbulleted list |
| key_people = {{unbulleted list |
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| Michael T. Suffredini (CEO) |
| Michael T. Suffredini (CEO) |
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[[File:Michael Suffredini (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright=1.0|right|Michael Suffredini in 2012]] |
[[File:Michael Suffredini (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright=1.0|right|Michael Suffredini in 2012]] |
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Axiom Space CEO Michael T. Suffredini was previously the program manager for the [[International Space Station]] from 2005 to 2015.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Reichhardt|first1=Troy|title=This Group of NASA Veterans Wants to Build Their Own Space Station|url=https://www.airspacemag.com/space/13_sep2018-michael-lopez-alegria-180969922/|website=airspacemag.com|publisher=Smithsonian Institution|access-date=June 12, 2020|archive-date=12 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612192908/https://www.airspacemag.com/space/13_sep2018-michael-lopez-alegria-180969922/|url-status=live}}</ref> After retiring from NASA, Suffredini and Kam Ghaffarian started Axiom Space to target the emerging [[Private spaceflight|commercial spaceflight]] market. Ghaffarian is an engineer and entrepreneur who sold his company, Stinger Ghaffarian Technologies, Inc., a large NASA contractor, to [[KBR (company)|KBR]] in 2018.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Wilkers|first1=Ross|title=In SGT deal, KBR further transforms its government services business|date=26 April 2018|url=https://washingtontechnology.com/articles/2018/04/26/kbr-sgt-deal-closes.aspx|publisher=Washington Technology|access-date=June 12, 2020|archive-date=12 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612192905/https://washingtontechnology.com/articles/2018/04/26/kbr-sgt-deal-closes.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> Ghaffarian is also Executive Chairman of [[Quantum Space (company)|Quantum Space]]. |
Axiom Space CEO Michael T. Suffredini was previously the program manager for the [[International Space Station]] from 2005 to 2015.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Reichhardt|first1=Troy|title=This Group of NASA Veterans Wants to Build Their Own Space Station|url=https://www.airspacemag.com/space/13_sep2018-michael-lopez-alegria-180969922/|website=airspacemag.com|publisher=Smithsonian Institution|access-date=June 12, 2020|archive-date=12 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612192908/https://www.airspacemag.com/space/13_sep2018-michael-lopez-alegria-180969922/|url-status=live}}</ref> After retiring from NASA, Suffredini and Kam Ghaffarian started Axiom Space to target the emerging [[Private spaceflight|commercial spaceflight]] market. Ghaffarian is an engineer and entrepreneur who sold his company, Stinger Ghaffarian Technologies, Inc., a large NASA contractor, to [[KBR (company)|KBR]] in 2018.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Wilkers|first1=Ross|title=In SGT deal, KBR further transforms its government services business|date=26 April 2018|url=https://washingtontechnology.com/articles/2018/04/26/kbr-sgt-deal-closes.aspx|publisher=Washington Technology|access-date=June 12, 2020|archive-date=12 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612192905/https://washingtontechnology.com/articles/2018/04/26/kbr-sgt-deal-closes.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> Ghaffarian is also the Executive Chairman of [[Quantum Space (company)|Quantum Space]]. |
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The company was selected by NASA to provide the first commercial destination module on the International Space Station.<ref name=nasa20200612/> Axiom Space also announced in March 2020 a contract with [[SpaceX]] to fly commercial astronauts to the International Space Station via [[Falcon 9]] and [[Crew Dragon]] scheduled for March 2022; launch took place 8 April 2022<ref>{{cite web|url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2020/03/05/axiom-strikes-deal-with-spacex-to-ferry-private-astronauts-to-space-station/|date=5 March 2020|title=Axiom strikes deal with SpaceX to ferry private astronauts to space station|author=Stephen Clark|publisher=Spaceflight Now|access-date=June 12, 2020|archive-date=21 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200421233410/https://spaceflightnow.com/2020/03/05/axiom-strikes-deal-with-spacex-to-ferry-private-astronauts-to-space-station/|url-status=live}}</ref> and crew returned on 25 April.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.npr.org/2022/04/25/1094633659/spacex-international-space-station-splashdown |title=The 1st private astronaut mission to International Space Station is back on Earth |website=[[NPR]] |date=April 25, 2022 |agency=[[Associated Press]] |access-date=25 April 2022 |archive-date=25 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425225522/https://www.npr.org/2022/04/25/1094633659/spacex-international-space-station-splashdown |url-status=live }}</ref> |
The company was selected by NASA to provide the first commercial destination module on the International Space Station.<ref name=nasa20200612/> Axiom Space also announced in March 2020 a contract with [[SpaceX]] to fly commercial astronauts to the International Space Station via [[Falcon 9]] and [[Crew Dragon]] scheduled for March 2022; the launch took placeon 8 April 2022<ref>{{cite web|url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2020/03/05/axiom-strikes-deal-with-spacex-to-ferry-private-astronauts-to-space-station/|date=5 March 2020|title=Axiom strikes deal with SpaceX to ferry private astronauts to space station|author=Stephen Clark|publisher=Spaceflight Now|access-date=June 12, 2020|archive-date=21 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200421233410/https://spaceflightnow.com/2020/03/05/axiom-strikes-deal-with-spacex-to-ferry-private-astronauts-to-space-station/|url-status=live}}</ref> and the crew returned on 25 April.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.npr.org/2022/04/25/1094633659/spacex-international-space-station-splashdown |title=The 1st private astronaut mission to International Space Station is back on Earth |website=[[NPR]] |date=April 25, 2022 |agency=[[Associated Press]] |access-date=25 April 2022 |archive-date=25 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425225522/https://www.npr.org/2022/04/25/1094633659/spacex-international-space-station-splashdown |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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The company had 110 employees as of February 2021,<ref name="cnbc20210216">{{cite news|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/02/16/axiom-space-raises-130-million-and-becomes-the-latest-space-unicorn.html|title=Private spaceflight specialist Axiom Space raises US$130 million to become the latest space unicorn|publisher=CNBC|first=Michael|last=Sheetz|date=16 February 2021|access-date=21 June 2021|archive-date=7 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220507064450/https://www.cnbc.com/2021/02/16/axiom-space-raises-130-million-and-becomes-the-latest-space-unicorn.html|url-status=live}}</ref> with offices located in [[Houston]] and [[Los Angeles]].{{citation needed|date=February 2021}} |
The company had 110 employees as of February 2021,<ref name="cnbc20210216">{{cite news|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/02/16/axiom-space-raises-130-million-and-becomes-the-latest-space-unicorn.html|title=Private spaceflight specialist Axiom Space raises US$130 million to become the latest space unicorn|publisher=CNBC|first=Michael|last=Sheetz|date=16 February 2021|access-date=21 June 2021|archive-date=7 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220507064450/https://www.cnbc.com/2021/02/16/axiom-space-raises-130-million-and-becomes-the-latest-space-unicorn.html|url-status=live}}</ref> with offices located in [[Houston]] and [[Los Angeles]].{{citation needed|date=February 2021}} |
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{{See also|Axiom Orbital Segment}} |
{{See also|Axiom Orbital Segment}} |
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Axiom Station intends to have its [[spacecraft]] modules individually launched and assembled in |
Axiom Station intends to have its [[spacecraft]] modules individually launched and assembled in orbit, first attaching to the [[International Space Station]]. Before ISS retirement (and [[atmospheric reentry]]), the company plans to detach its modules and commence orbit on its own as Axiom Station.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.axiomspace.com/axiom-station|title=Axiom Space - Axiom Commercial Space Station|publisher=Axiom Space|access-date=2020-02-14|archive-date=6 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200306211512/https://www.axiomspace.com/axiom-station|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Etherington|first1=Darrell|title=NASA taps startup Axiom Space for the first habitable commercial module for the Space Station|date=27 January 2020|url=https://techcrunch.com/2020/01/27/nasa-taps-startup-axiom-space-for-the-first-habitable-commercial-module-for-the-space-station/|publisher=TechCrunch|access-date=June 12, 2020|archive-date=28 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128010232/https://techcrunch.com/2020/01/27/nasa-taps-startup-axiom-space-for-the-first-habitable-commercial-module-for-the-space-station/|url-status=live}}</ref> Axiom Space renderings from 2020 illustrate how modules might be berthed and relocated on the ISS by the [[Mobile Servicing System]], specifically the [[Mobile Servicing System|Canadarm2]]. Canadarm2 might also continue its operations on the Axiom Space Station after the retirement of the ISS in the late 2020s.<ref>{{cite web|title=Assembly Sequence: Watch the Axiom Segment of the ISS constructed module-by-module|date=26 January 2020|url=https://www.axiomspace.com/post/axiom-space-international-space-station-assembly-sequence|publisher=Axiom Space|access-date=June 12, 2020|archive-date=6 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806062547/https://www.axiomspace.com/post/axiom-space-international-space-station-assembly-sequence|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=A Private Space Station Might Be Born From the ISS - Seeker|url=https://www.seeker.com/international-space-station-retire-private-axiom-orbit-commercializati-2214242152.html|access-date=2021-09-26|website=seeker.com|date=25 January 2017|archive-date=24 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221224180445/https://www.seeker.com/international-space-station-retire-private-axiom-orbit-commercializati-2214242152.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The company is currently targeting late 2026 for the launch of its first module to the ISS and the late-2020s for station completion.<ref name="sn-20231213">{{cite web |last=Foust |first=Jeff |url=https://spacenews.com/spacex-yet-to-select-launch-pad-for-next-axiom-space-private-astronaut-mission/ |title=SpaceX yet to select launch pad for next Axiom Space private astronaut mission |work=[[SpaceNews]] |date=13 December 2023 |access-date=13 December 2023 |quote=Ondler said in the briefing that the first of those modules is now scheduled to launch to the ISS at the end of 2026, about a year later than the company previously announced. |archive-date=24 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240224033915/https://spacenews.com/spacex-yet-to-select-launch-pad-for-next-axiom-space-private-astronaut-mission/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="sn-20221014" /> |
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Axiom Space plans to conduct astronaut training for [[commercial astronaut]]s, to host governments and commercial partners. Up to three Axiom Space modules could attach to the International Space Station. The first module is expected to dock to the forward port of [[Harmony (ISS module)|''Harmony'']], which would require relocation of the [[Pressurized Mating Adapter|PMA-2]]. Axiom Space plans to attach up to two additional modules to its initial core module |
Axiom Space plans to conduct astronaut training for [[commercial astronaut]]s, to host governments and commercial partners. Up to three Axiom Space modules could attach to the International Space Station. The first module is expected to dock to the forward port of [[Harmony (ISS module)|''Harmony'']], which would require relocation of the [[Pressurized Mating Adapter|PMA-2]]. Axiom Space plans to attach up to two additional modules to its initial core module and send private astronauts to visit<!-- no source shows firm plans for long-term habitation while attached to the ISS --> the modules.<ref name="ACSS">{{cite web|url=https://spacenews.com/nasa-selects-axiom-space-to-build-commercial-space-station-module/|title=NASA selects Axiom Space to build commercial space station module|date=2020-01-28|publisher=SpaceNews |access-date=2020-02-14}}</ref> |
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[[File:Axiom Earth Observatory interior.jpg|thumb|upright=1.0|right|The Future Axiom Earth Observatory interior (Artist's illustration of the model designed by Philippe Starck)]] |
[[File:Axiom Earth Observatory interior.jpg|thumb|upright=1.0|right|The Future Axiom Earth Observatory interior (Artist's illustration of the model designed by Philippe Starck)]] |
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The interior |
The interior of Axiom Station was designed in 2018 by French architect [[Philippe Starck]]. Renderings of the habitat show a chamber with walls that are covered with tufted padding and studded with hundreds of colour-changing LEDs.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/mach/science/french-designer-creates-womblike-habitat-space-tourists-ncna884801|title=French designer creates womblike habitat for space tourists|publisher=NBC News|access-date=2018-07-01|archive-date=25 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200525152848/https://www.nbcnews.com/mach/science/french-designer-creates-womblike-habitat-space-tourists-ncna884801|url-status=live}}</ref> Axiom Space has publicly stated an intent to maintain at least one astronaut in the station continuously,{{when|date=June 2021}}<!-- after what point in time? the podcast is unclear. After the first Axiom module is at the ISS? the third in the late 2020s? --> who will be assigned to take care of research projects and station repairs.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mainenginecutoff.com/podcast/147|title=Episode T+147: Mike Suffredini, President & CEO of Axiom|last=Colangelo|first=Anthony|website=mainenginecutoff.com|access-date=2020-02-14|archive-date=14 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200214041504/https://mainenginecutoff.com/podcast/147|url-status=live}}</ref> This includes amenities like high-speed Wi-Fi, video screens, picture windows, and a glass-walled cupola.<ref name="Axiom Station">{{cite web|url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2020/01/nasa-axiom-space-build-commercial-station-segment/|title=NASA selects Axiom Space to build commercial space station segment|first=Tobias|last=Corbett|publisher=NASASpaceFlight.com|date=2020-01-27|access-date=28 January 2020|archive-date=28 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128043725/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2020/01/nasa-axiom-space-build-commercial-station-segment/|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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== Human spaceflight == |
== Human spaceflight == |
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Axiom Space provides [[human spaceflight]] services to people, corporations, and [[space agencies]]. Missions to the International Space Station are offered by Axiom Space, with a 10-day mission including 15 weeks of training.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Sheetz|first1=Michael|title=SpaceX signs deal to fly 3 space tourists to the International Space Station late next year|date=5 March 2020|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/03/05/spacex-axiom-deal-to-fly-three-space-tourists-to-iss-in-late-2021.html|publisher=CNBC|access-date=June 16, 2020|archive-date=3 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603220255/https://www.cnbc.com/2020/03/05/spacex-axiom-deal-to-fly-three-space-tourists-to-iss-in-late-2021.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In addition to training, Axiom Space states that the packages include mission planning, hardware development, life support, medical support, crew provisions, hardware and safety certifications, on-orbit operations, and mission management.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Boyle|first1=Alan|title=Axiom Space makes deal with SpaceX to send customers to space station next year|date=5 March 2020|url=https://www.geekwire.com/2020/axiom-space-makes-deal-spacex-send-customers-space-station-next-year/|publisher=GeekWire|access-date=June 17, 2020|archive-date=18 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200618221006/https://www.geekwire.com/2020/axiom-space-makes-deal-spacex-send-customers-space-station-next-year/|url-status=live}}</ref> Missions could extend for longer periods |
Axiom Space provides [[human spaceflight]] services to people, corporations, and [[space agencies]]. Missions to the International Space Station are offered by Axiom Space, with a 10-day mission including 15 weeks of training.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Sheetz|first1=Michael|title=SpaceX signs deal to fly 3 space tourists to the International Space Station late next year|date=5 March 2020|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/03/05/spacex-axiom-deal-to-fly-three-space-tourists-to-iss-in-late-2021.html|publisher=CNBC|access-date=June 16, 2020|archive-date=3 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603220255/https://www.cnbc.com/2020/03/05/spacex-axiom-deal-to-fly-three-space-tourists-to-iss-in-late-2021.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In addition to training, Axiom Space states that the packages include mission planning, hardware development, life support, medical support, crew provisions, hardware and safety certifications, on-orbit operations, and mission management.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Boyle|first1=Alan|title=Axiom Space makes deal with SpaceX to send customers to space station next year|date=5 March 2020|url=https://www.geekwire.com/2020/axiom-space-makes-deal-spacex-send-customers-space-station-next-year/|publisher=GeekWire|access-date=June 17, 2020|archive-date=18 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200618221006/https://www.geekwire.com/2020/axiom-space-makes-deal-spacex-send-customers-space-station-next-year/|url-status=live}}</ref> Missions could extend for longer periods depending on the focus of the spaceflight. Former NASA astronauts [[Peggy Whitson]] and [[Michael López-Alegría]] are employees and serve as commanders of missions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Peggy Whitson |url=https://www.axiomspace.com/team/peggy-whitson |access-date=2022-04-06 |website=Axiom Space |language=en-US |archive-date=8 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220408165210/https://www.axiomspace.com/team/peggy-whitson |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Michael Lopez-Alegria |url=https://www.axiomspace.com/team/michael-lopez-alegria |access-date=2022-04-06 |website=Axiom Space |language=en-US |archive-date=6 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406014118/https://www.axiomspace.com/team/michael-lopez-alegria |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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In June 2020, [[NASA Administrator]] [[Jim Bridenstine]] said NASA was involved with the filming of a [[Tom Cruise]] movie to the ISS <ref>{{cite web|title=Origins: Jim Bridenstine|url=https://www.offnominal.space/episodes/origins-jim-bridenstine|website=offnominal.space|access-date=17 June 2020|archive-date=18 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200618095141/https://www.offnominal.space/episodes/origins-jim-bridenstine|url-status=live}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> with SpaceX expected to be the transportation partner for the flights.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Sheetz|first1=Michael|title=NASA is working with Tom Cruise to film a movie in space|date=5 May 2020|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/05/05/nasa-is-working-with-tom-cruise-to-film-a-movie-in-space.html|publisher=CNBC|access-date=June 16, 2020|archive-date=17 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200617001113/https://www.cnbc.com/2020/05/05/nasa-is-working-with-tom-cruise-to-film-a-movie-in-space.html|url-status=live}}</ref> |
In June 2020, [[NASA Administrator]] [[Jim Bridenstine]] said NASA was involved with the filming of a [[Tom Cruise]] movie to the ISS <ref>{{cite web|title=Origins: Jim Bridenstine|url=https://www.offnominal.space/episodes/origins-jim-bridenstine|website=offnominal.space|access-date=17 June 2020|archive-date=18 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200618095141/https://www.offnominal.space/episodes/origins-jim-bridenstine|url-status=live}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> with SpaceX expected to be the transportation partner for the flights.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Sheetz|first1=Michael|title=NASA is working with Tom Cruise to film a movie in space|date=5 May 2020|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/05/05/nasa-is-working-with-tom-cruise-to-film-a-movie-in-space.html|publisher=CNBC|access-date=June 16, 2020|archive-date=17 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200617001113/https://www.cnbc.com/2020/05/05/nasa-is-working-with-tom-cruise-to-film-a-movie-in-space.html|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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[[File:Crystals grown in microgravity.jpg|thumb|upright=1.0|right|Crystals grown in microgravity]] |
[[File:Crystals grown in microgravity.jpg|thumb|upright=1.0|right|Crystals grown in microgravity]] |
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Axiom Space intends to commercialize [[microgravity]] research and development, using the [[ISS National Lab]] until its |
Axiom Space intends to commercialize [[microgravity]] research and development, using the [[ISS National Lab]] until its modules are operational.{{citation needed|date=June 2021}} |
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== Missions == |
== Missions == |
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In early June 2021, Axiom Space announced a deal with SpaceX which added three additional crewed flights to the ISS, for a total of four.<ref>{{cite web|last=Sheetz|first=Michael|date=2021-06-02|title=Axiom Space expands SpaceX private crew launch deal, with four total missions to the space station|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/06/02/axiom-space-expands-spacex-deal-for-private-crew-launches-to-iss-.html|publisher=CNBC|access-date=2021-06-03|archive-date=29 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529151534/https://www.cnbc.com/2021/06/02/axiom-space-expands-spacex-deal-for-private-crew-launches-to-iss-.html|url-status=live}}</ref> |
In early June 2021, Axiom Space announced a deal with SpaceX which added three additional crewed flights to the ISS, for a total of four.<ref>{{cite web|last=Sheetz|first=Michael|date=2021-06-02|title=Axiom Space expands SpaceX private crew launch deal, with four total missions to the space station|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/06/02/axiom-space-expands-spacex-deal-for-private-crew-launches-to-iss-.html|publisher=CNBC|access-date=2021-06-03|archive-date=29 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529151534/https://www.cnbc.com/2021/06/02/axiom-space-expands-spacex-deal-for-private-crew-launches-to-iss-.html|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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[[File:Axiom Mission 1 Static Fire (NHQ202204060008).jpg|thumb|Axiom Mission 1 at [[Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39A|LC-39A]] undergoing |
[[File:Axiom Mission 1 Static Fire (NHQ202204060008).jpg|thumb|Axiom Mission 1 at [[Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39A|LC-39A]] undergoing pre-launch preparations]] |
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=== Ax-1 === |
=== Ax-1 === |
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=== Ax-3 === |
=== Ax-3 === |
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{{main|Axiom Mission 3}}'''Ax-3''' was a private crew mission to the ISS. The flight launched on 18 January 2024 and sent four people to the ISS. [[NASA Astronaut Corps|NASA Astronaut]] [[Michael López-Alegría]] was the mission commander and [[Walter Villadei]] was the mission pilot. Two astronauts from Turkey and Sweden, [[Alper Gezeravcı]] and [[Marcus Wandt]] were also on board as mission specialists. |
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{{main|Axiom Mission 3}} |
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{{Update|section|date=February 2024}} |
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'''Ax-3''' was a private crew mission to the ISS. The flight launched on 18 January 2024 and carried four people to the ISS on an expected 14-day mission. The crew included Italian aviator [[Walter Villadei]], the first Turkish astronaut [[Alper Gezeravcı]], and [[Marcus Wandt]] of the [[ESA]], the third Swedish astronaut.<ref>{{cite web |last=Foust |first=Jeff |url=https://spacenews.com/axiom-space-names-crew-for-third-private-astronaut-mission-to-iss/ |title=Axiom Space names crew for third private astronaut mission to ISS |work=[[SpaceNews]] |date=13 September 2023 |access-date=17 September 2023 |archive-date=24 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240224033050/https://spacenews.com/axiom-space-names-crew-for-third-private-astronaut-mission-to-iss/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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=== Ax-4 === |
=== Ax-4 === |
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{{main|Axiom Mission 4}} |
{{main|Axiom Mission 4}} |
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'''Ax-4''' is a planned private crew mission to the ISS. The flight will launch no earlier than October 2024 and carry four people to the ISS,<ref>{{cite web |last=Foust |first=Jeff |url=https://spacenews.com/nasa-selects-axiom-space-for-fourth-iss-private-astronaut-mission/ |title=NASA selects Axiom Space for fourth ISS private astronaut mission |work=[[SpaceNews]] |date=4 August 2023 |access-date=17 September 2023 |archive-date=24 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240224033820/https://spacenews.com/nasa-selects-axiom-space-for-fourth-iss-private-astronaut-mission/ |url-status=live }}</ref> including veteran astronaut [[Peggy Whitson]]. The crew is expected to include a Polish and an Indian astronaut.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-27 |title=PM Modi reveals names of 4 Gaganyaan mission astronauts |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/science/four-gaganyaan-astronauts-announced-9183379/ |accessdate=2024-02-27 |work=Indian Express}}</ref>{{fv|date=December 2023}} |
'''Ax-4''' is a planned private crew mission to the ISS. The flight will launch no earlier than October 2024 and carry four people to the ISS,<ref>{{cite web |last=Foust |first=Jeff |url=https://spacenews.com/nasa-selects-axiom-space-for-fourth-iss-private-astronaut-mission/ |title=NASA selects Axiom Space for fourth ISS private astronaut mission |work=[[SpaceNews]] |date=4 August 2023 |access-date=17 September 2023 |archive-date=24 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240224033820/https://spacenews.com/nasa-selects-axiom-space-for-fourth-iss-private-astronaut-mission/ |url-status=live }}</ref> including veteran astronaut [[Peggy Whitson]]. The crew is expected to include a Polish, a Hungarian and an Indian astronaut.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-27 |title=PM Modi reveals names of 4 Gaganyaan mission astronauts |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/science/four-gaganyaan-astronauts-announced-9183379/ |accessdate=2024-02-27 |work=Indian Express}}</ref>{{fv|date=December 2023}} |
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== Axiom Mission Control Center == |
== Axiom Mission Control Center == |
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| [[Axiom Mission 1]] |
| [[Axiom Mission 1]] |
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|[[:File:Axiom Mission 1.png|Axiom-1 Patch]]<!--Please do not convert to a visible image as the patch for this mission is not freely licensed--> |
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| 8 April 2022<ref>{{cite web |last=Davenport |first=Justin |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/04/axiom-1-launch/#more-85370 |title=Axiom-1 launches first ever private crewed mission to ISS |date=8 April 2022 |access-date=8 April 2022 |work=[[NASASpaceFlight]] |archive-date=7 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407013900/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/04/axiom-1-launch/#more-85370 |url-status=live }}</ref> |
| 8 April 2022<ref>{{cite web |last=Davenport |first=Justin |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/04/axiom-1-launch/#more-85370 |title=Axiom-1 launches first ever private crewed mission to ISS |date=8 April 2022 |access-date=8 April 2022 |work=[[NASASpaceFlight]] |archive-date=7 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407013900/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/04/axiom-1-launch/#more-85370 |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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| 25 April 2022 |
| 25 April 2022 |
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| [[Axiom Mission 2]] |
| [[Axiom Mission 2]] |
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|[[:File:Axiom_Mission_2_Patch.png|Axiom-2 Patch]] |
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| 21 May 2023<ref>{{cite web |last=Baylor |first=Michael |url=https://nextspaceflight.com/launches/details/6789 |title=Falcon 9 Block 5 - Axiom Mission 2 (AX-2) |work=Next Spaceflight |access-date=25 April 2023 |archive-date=17 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230517181640/https://nextspaceflight.com/launches/details/6789 |url-status=live }}</ref> |
| 21 May 2023<ref>{{cite web |last=Baylor |first=Michael |url=https://nextspaceflight.com/launches/details/6789 |title=Falcon 9 Block 5 - Axiom Mission 2 (AX-2) |work=Next Spaceflight |access-date=25 April 2023 |archive-date=17 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230517181640/https://nextspaceflight.com/launches/details/6789 |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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| 31 May 2023 |
| 31 May 2023 |
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| [[Axiom Mission 3]] |
| [[Axiom Mission 3]] |
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|[[:File:Axiom_3_mission_patch.png|Axiom-3 Patch]] |
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| 18 January 2024<ref>{{cite web |url=https://nextspaceflight.com/launches/details/6790 |title=Falcon 9 Block 5 - Axiom Mission 3 (AX-3) |date=9 December 2023 |access-date=11 December 2023 |work=Next Spaceflight |archive-date=18 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240118225814/https://nextspaceflight.com/launches/details/6790 |url-status=live }}</ref> |
| 18 January 2024<ref>{{cite web |url=https://nextspaceflight.com/launches/details/6790 |title=Falcon 9 Block 5 - Axiom Mission 3 (AX-3) |date=9 December 2023 |access-date=11 December 2023 |work=Next Spaceflight |archive-date=18 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240118225814/https://nextspaceflight.com/launches/details/6790 |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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| 9 February 2024 |
| 9 February 2024 |
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| {{Success}} |
| {{Success}} |
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| Axiom Mission 4 |
| [[Axiom Mission 4]] |
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⚫ | |||
| NET October 2024<ref name="nasa-launch-ax-4">{{cite web |title=Axiom Mission 4 (Ax-4) |url=https://www.nasa.gov/event/axiom-mission-4/ |website=Launch Schedule |publisher=NASA |access-date=28 January 2024 |language=en |archive-date=28 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240128063027/https://www.nasa.gov/event/axiom-mission-4/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet |author=NASA Space Operations |user=NASASpaceOps |number=1715475921820393740 |title=With Axiom Mission 3 scheduled to liftoff from Florida no earlier than January 2024, @NASA, @Axiom_Space, & @SpaceX teams are now targeting no earlier than October 2024 to launch Axiom Mission 4 to the @Space_Station. |date=20 October 2023}}</ref> |
| NET October 2024<ref name="nasa-launch-ax-4">{{cite web |title=Axiom Mission 4 (Ax-4) |url=https://www.nasa.gov/event/axiom-mission-4/ |website=Launch Schedule |publisher=NASA |access-date=28 January 2024 |language=en |archive-date=28 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240128063027/https://www.nasa.gov/event/axiom-mission-4/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet |author=NASA Space Operations |user=NASASpaceOps |number=1715475921820393740 |title=With Axiom Mission 3 scheduled to liftoff from Florida no earlier than January 2024, @NASA, @Axiom_Space, & @SpaceX teams are now targeting no earlier than October 2024 to launch Axiom Mission 4 to the @Space_Station. |date=20 October 2023}}</ref> |
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⚫ | |||
| NET October 2024 |
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|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Peggy Whitson]]<ref>[https://pbs.twimg.com/media/GMBWXUVWgAEcBoY?format=jpg&name=large Ax-4 Mission Summary]</ref><br />TBA<br />TBA<br />TBA |
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Peggy Whitson]]<ref>[https://pbs.twimg.com/media/GMBWXUVWgAEcBoY?format=jpg&name=large Ax-4 Mission Summary]</ref><br />TBA<br />TBA<br />TBA |
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| 14-21 days<ref>{{cite web |last1=Donaldson |first1=Abbey A. |title=NASA Selects Axiom Space for Another Private Space Mission in 2024 |url=https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-selects-axiom-space-for-another-private-space-mission-in-2024/ |website=News Release |publisher=NASA |access-date=28 January 2024 |language=en |quote=expected to spend up to 14 days docked to the space station … The order also accommodates up to seven contingency days aboard the space station. |archive-date=28 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240128063842/https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-selects-axiom-space-for-another-private-space-mission-in-2024/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |
| 14-21 days<ref>{{cite web |last1=Donaldson |first1=Abbey A. |title=NASA Selects Axiom Space for Another Private Space Mission in 2024 |url=https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-selects-axiom-space-for-another-private-space-mission-in-2024/ |website=News Release |publisher=NASA |access-date=28 January 2024 |language=en |quote=expected to spend up to 14 days docked to the space station … The order also accommodates up to seven contingency days aboard the space station. |archive-date=28 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240128063842/https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-selects-axiom-space-for-another-private-space-mission-in-2024/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |
![]() | |
Company type | Private incorporated company |
---|---|
Industry | Aerospace |
Founded | 2016; 8 years ago (2016) |
Founder | Michael T. Suffredini Kam Ghaffarian[1] |
Headquarters |
Houston, Texas
United States |
Key people |
|
Services |
|
Number of employees | 790 (2023) |
Website | axiomspace |
Footnotes / references [2] |
Axiom Space, Inc., also known as Axiom Space, is an American privately funded space infrastructure developer headquartered in Houston, Texas.
Founded in 2016 by Michael T. Suffredini and Kam Ghaffarian, the company first flew a spaceflight in 2022: Axiom Mission 1, the first commercially crewed private spaceflight to the International Space Station. The company aims to own and operate the world's first commercial space station in the late 2020s.[3][4] The company's employees include former NASA Administrator Charles Bolden[5] and astronauts Michael Lopez-Alegria, Peggy Whitson, Brent W. Jett Jr and Koichi Wakata.[6]
The company sent its first commercial astronauts into orbit in 2022. It also plans human spaceflight for government-funded and commercial astronauts engaging in in-space research, in-space manufacturing, and space exploration.[7]
Axiom Space CEO Michael T. Suffredini was previously the program manager for the International Space Station from 2005 to 2015.[8] After retiring from NASA, Suffredini and Kam Ghaffarian started Axiom Space to target the emerging commercial spaceflight market. Ghaffarian is an engineer and entrepreneur who sold his company, Stinger Ghaffarian Technologies, Inc., a large NASA contractor, to KBR in 2018.[9] Ghaffarian is also the Executive Chairman of Quantum Space.
The company was selected by NASA to provide the first commercial destination module on the International Space Station.[10] Axiom Space also announced in March 2020 a contract with SpaceX to fly commercial astronauts to the International Space Station via Falcon 9 and Crew Dragon scheduled for March 2022; the launch took place on 8 April 2022[11] and the crew returned on 25 April.[12]
The company had 110 employees as of February 2021,[13] with offices located in Houston and Los Angeles.[citation needed]
In 2020, as part of the broader Next Space Technologies for Exploration Partnerships (NextSTEP) cislunar initiative, NASA awarded Axiom a US$140 million contract to provide at least one habitable spacecraft to attach to the International Space Station.[10] Axiom Space was the only selected proposal from the solicitation process due in 2019.[14] Bigelow Aerospace did not submit a proposal and has subsequently ceased operations.[15]
The modules constructed by Axiom Space are designed to attach to the Harmony forward port with the intent to demonstrate an ability to commercially provide services and products in the low Earth orbit economy. The "Axiom Segment" of the station was planned, as of January 2020[update], to include a node module to act as a connector, a research and manufacturing facility, a crew habitat, and a "large-windowed" module for viewing the Earth.[16]
Axiom Station intends to have its spacecraft modules individually launched and assembled in orbit, first attaching to the International Space Station. Before ISS retirement (and atmospheric reentry), the company plans to detach its modules and commence orbit on its own as Axiom Station.[17][18] Axiom Space renderings from 2020 illustrate how modules might be berthed and relocated on the ISS by the Mobile Servicing System, specifically the Canadarm2. Canadarm2 might also continue its operations on the Axiom Space Station after the retirement of the ISS in the late 2020s.[19][20] The company is currently targeting late 2026 for the launch of its first module to the ISS and the late-2020s for station completion.[21][3]
Axiom Space plans to conduct astronaut training for commercial astronauts, to host governments and commercial partners. Up to three Axiom Space modules could attach to the International Space Station. The first module is expected to dock to the forward port of Harmony, which would require relocation of the PMA-2. Axiom Space plans to attach up to two additional modules to its initial core module and send private astronauts to visit the modules.[1]
The interior of Axiom Station was designed in 2018 by French architect Philippe Starck. Renderings of the habitat show a chamber with walls that are covered with tufted padding and studded with hundreds of colour-changing LEDs.[22] Axiom Space has publicly stated an intent to maintain at least one astronaut in the station continuously,[when?] who will be assigned to take care of research projects and station repairs.[23] This includes amenities like high-speed Wi-Fi, video screens, picture windows, and a glass-walled cupola.[24]
Axiom Space provides human spaceflight services to people, corporations, and space agencies. Missions to the International Space Station are offered by Axiom Space, with a 10-day mission including 15 weeks of training.[25] In addition to training, Axiom Space states that the packages include mission planning, hardware development, life support, medical support, crew provisions, hardware and safety certifications, on-orbit operations, and mission management.[26] Missions could extend for longer periods depending on the focus of the spaceflight. Former NASA astronauts Peggy Whitson and Michael López-Alegría are employees and serve as commanders of missions.[27][28]
In June 2020, NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine said NASA was involved with the filming of a Tom Cruise movie to the ISS [29] with SpaceX expected to be the transportation partner for the flights.[30]
Axiom Space intends to commercialize microgravity research and development, using the ISS National Lab until its modules are operational.[citation needed]
In early June 2021, Axiom Space announced a deal with SpaceX which added three additional crewed flights to the ISS, for a total of four.[31]
Ax-2 was a private crew mission to the ISS. The flight launched on 21 May 2023 and sent four people to the ISS.[38] On 25 May 2021, Axiom Space announced that former NASA Astronaut Peggy Whitson would be the mission commander and John Shoffner would be the mission pilot.[39] Two astronauts from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Ali Alqarni[40][41] and Rayyanah Barnawi[42][43] were also on board as mission specialists.
Ax-3 was a private crew mission to the ISS. The flight launched on 18 January 2024 and sent four people to the ISS. NASA Astronaut Michael López-Alegría was the mission commander and Walter Villadei was the mission pilot. Two astronauts from Turkey and Sweden, Alper Gezeravcı and Marcus Wandt were also on board as mission specialists.
Ax-4 is a planned private crew mission to the ISS. The flight will launch no earlier than October 2024 and carry four people to the ISS,[44] including veteran astronaut Peggy Whitson. The crew is expected to include a Polish, a Hungarian and an Indian astronaut.[45][failed verification]
In January 2022, the Axiom Space Mission Control Center (or MCC-A) completed its first on-orbit science payload operation on the ISS. At this time, MCC-A, located at Axiom's HQ in Houston, TX, was registered as a payload operations site. In April 2022, MCC-A supported a record number of on-orbit science payload operations and live on-orbit events for Axiom's Ax-1 mission to ISS, which was the first all-private mission to the ISS. In late 2022, Axiom's MCC-A became a certified ISS partner Mission Control Center, connected to NASA's ISS program, joining a small handful of International partner MCCs and SpaceX's MCC. In May 2023, Axiom Space flew their second mission to ISS, Ax-2, supported entirely out of MCC-A by an Axiom Space flight control team of 6-10 flight controllers. [46]
Mission | Launch date (UTC) | Landing date (UTC) | Crew | Duration | Vehicle | Remarks | Outcome |
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Axiom Mission 1 | 8 April 2022[47] | 25 April 2022 |
![]() ![]() ![]() |
17 days | Crew Dragon Endeavour[48] | First Crew Dragon flight contracted by Axiom Space. First fully private flight to the ISS, carrying Michael López-Alegría as Axiom professional astronaut,[49] Eytan Stibbe to conduct educational experiments for a 17-day trip,[50][51] Larry Connor and Mark Pathy, both heading investment companies.[49] | Success |
Axiom Mission 2 | 21 May 2023[52] | 31 May 2023 |
![]() ![]() ![]() |
10 days | Crew Dragon Freedom | Second Crew Dragon flight contracted by Axiom Space.[54] Second fully private flight to the ISS, carrying Peggy Whitson as Axiom professional astronaut. | Success |
Axiom Mission 3 | 18 January 2024[55] | 9 February 2024 |
![]() ![]() ![]() |
21 days | Crew Dragon Freedom | Third Crew Dragon flight contracted by Axiom Space, astronauts are three military pilots whose flight is financed by their respective nations (Italy, Turkey and Sweden). | Success |
Axiom Mission 4 | NET October 2024[56][57] | ![]() TBA TBA TBA |
14-21 days[59] | Crew Dragon | Planned |
On 1 June 2022, NASA announced it had selected Axiom Space along with competing Collins Aerospace to develop and provide astronauts with next generation spacesuit and spacewalk systems to first test and later use outside the International Space Station, as well as on the lunar surface for the crewed Artemis missions, and prepare for human missions to Mars.[60][61]
Ondler said in the briefing that the first of those modules is now scheduled to launch to the ISS at the end of 2026, about a year later than the company previously announced.
expected to spend up to 14 days docked to the space station … The order also accommodates up to seven contingency days aboard the space station.
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