|
MOS Bahai orthography
|
m Adding intentionally blank description
|
||
| (10 intermediate revisions by 9 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Short description|none}} |
|||
{{Baháʼí sidebar}} |
{{Baháʼí sidebar}} |
||
The '''Baháʼí Faith in Andorra''' begins with the first mention of Andorra in [[Baháʼí literature]] when [[ʻAbdu'l-Bahá]] listed it as a place to take the religion to in 1916.<ref name="tablets">{{cite book|author = ʻAbdu'l-Bahá | |
The '''Baháʼí Faith in Andorra''' begins with the first mention of Andorra in [[Baháʼí literature]] when [[ʻAbdu'l-Bahá]] listed it as a place to take the religion to in 1916.<ref name="tablets">{{cite book|author = ʻAbdu'l-Bahá |author-link = ʻAbdu'l-Bahá | orig-year = 1916-17 |year = 1991 |title = Tablets of the Divine Plan |edition = Paperback |publisher = Baháʼí Publishing Trust |location = Wilmette, Illinois, USA |isbn = 0-87743-233-3 |url =http://reference.bahai.org/en/t/ab/TDP/tdp-6.html|page=43}}</ref> The first Baháʼí to [[Pioneering (Baháʼí)|pioneer]] to Andorra was William Danjon Dieudonne in 1953.<ref name="50th">{{Cite news | title = Mountainous country marks anniversary| newspaper = Baháʼí International News Service | location = Andorra la Vella, Andorra | publisher = Baháʼí International Community | date = 18 November 2004 | url =http://news.bahai.org/story/335 | accessdate = 2010-06-06 }}</ref> By 1979 a Baháʼí [[Local Spiritual Assembly]] in [[Andorra-la-Vella]] is known.<ref name="BN581">{{cite magazine | title =Victory Messages; The Baha'i world resounds with the glorious news of Five Year Plan victories (section mentioning Andorra)|magazine= Baháʼí News |date=August 1979 | number = 581 | page =11 |issn=0043-8804 | url =http://www.teachingandprojects.com/meansandmaterials.htm}}</ref> In 2005 according to the [[Association of Religion Data Archives]] (relying on [[World Christian Encyclopedia]]) there were about 80 Baháʼís in Andorra.<ref name="ARDA05">{{cite web | title = Andorra | work = International > Regions > Southern Europe | publisher = The Association of Religion Data Archives | year = 2005 | url = http://www.thearda.com/internationalData/countries/Country_6_2.asp | accessdate = 2009-07-04 | archive-date = 2020-04-12 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200412111853/http://www.thearda.com/internationalData/countries/Country_6_2.asp | url-status = dead }}</ref> |
||
==Early phase== |
==Early phase== |
||
| Line 10: | Line 10: | ||
===Establishment of the community=== |
===Establishment of the community=== |
||
Starting in 1946, following [[World War II]], [[Shoghi Effendi]], head of the religion after ʻAbdu'l-Bahá, drew up plans for the American (US and Canada) Baháʼí community to send [[Pioneering (Baháʼí)|pioneers]] to Europe; the Baháʼís set up a European Teaching Committee chaired by [[Edna True]].<ref>{{cite book | last = Warburg | first = Margit | editor = Peter Smith | title = Baháʼís in the West | publisher = Kalimat Press | year = 2004 | pages = 228–63 | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=x7wyJdyE60oC&pg=PA228 |
Starting in 1946, following [[World War II]], [[Shoghi Effendi]], head of the religion after ʻAbdu'l-Bahá, drew up plans for the American (US and Canada) Baháʼí community to send [[Pioneering (Baháʼí)|pioneers]] to Europe; the Baháʼís set up a European Teaching Committee chaired by [[Edna True]].<ref>{{cite book | last = Warburg | first = Margit | editor = Peter Smith | title = Baháʼís in the West | publisher = Kalimat Press | year = 2004 | pages = 228–63 | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=x7wyJdyE60oC&pg=PA228 | isbn = 1-890688-11-8 }}</ref> At a follow-up conference in Stockholm in August 1953, [[Hand of the Cause]] [[Dorothy Beecher Baker]] asked for a Baháʼí to settle in Andorra and French-born William Danjon Dieudonne volunteered. He left his home in Denmark and arrived in on 7 October 1953 and so was listed as a [[Knight of Baháʼu'lláh]] thereafter. In 1954, two residents of Andorra, Carmen Tost Xifre de Mingorance and her husband, Jose Mingorance Fernandez, joined the religion.<ref name="50th"/><ref name="Radio-bio">{{Cite web | title = Biographies - William DANJON (Michel AVRIL) | work = Histoire de Radio Andorre| publisher = Aqui Radio Andorra| url =http://aquiradioandorra.free.fr/Biographies/Avril_Michel.html | accessdate = 2010-06-06}}</ref> |
||
According to the biography at [[Radio Andorra]], in July 1955 Danjon was hired by Radio Andorra, where he worked under a pseudonym on air: Michel Avril. Michael is his middle name and Avril is the month of birth (April). He did not hide that he had come to promote the religion. In May 1963 Danjon left Radio Andorra and became Assistant Secretary of the Syndicat d'Initiatives Valleys of Andorra in Andorra la Vella, then in 1966 became director of the House of Andorra in Paris. Then from 1975 to 1981, he worked at [[Sud Radio]] and then joined the Andorran Ministry of Education and Culture until 1989.<ref name="Radio-bio"/><ref>{{Cite web | title = Album de photos de William DANJON (Michel AVRIL) | work = Histoire de Radio Andorre| publisher = Aqui Radio Andorra| url =http://aquiradioandorra.free.fr/Biographies/Avril_Michel02.html | accessdate = 2010-06-06}}</ref> |
According to the biography at [[Radio Andorra]], in July 1955 Danjon was hired by Radio Andorra, where he worked under a pseudonym on air: Michel Avril. Michael is his middle name and Avril is the month of birth (April). He did not hide that he had come to promote the religion. In May 1963 Danjon left Radio Andorra and became Assistant Secretary of the Syndicat d'Initiatives Valleys of Andorra in Andorra la Vella, then in 1966 became director of the House of Andorra in Paris. Then from 1975 to 1981, he worked at [[Sud Radio]] and then joined the Andorran Ministry of Education and Culture until 1989.<ref name="Radio-bio"/><ref>{{Cite web | title = Album de photos de William DANJON (Michel AVRIL) | work = Histoire de Radio Andorre| publisher = Aqui Radio Andorra| url =http://aquiradioandorra.free.fr/Biographies/Avril_Michel02.html | accessdate = 2010-06-06}}</ref> |
||
| Line 17: | Line 17: | ||
In 1963 statistics on the community listed a registered ''group'' (less than 9 Baháʼís) in [[Andorra-la-Vella]].<ref name="stats">{{cite web | url =http://bahai-library.com/handscause_statistics_1953-63&chapter=1#19 | title = The Baháʼí Faith: 1844-1963: Information Statistical and Comparative, Including the Achievements of the Ten Year International Baháʼí Teaching & Consolidation Plan 1953-1963| author = Compiled by [[Hands of the Cause]] Residing in the Holy Land |page=56}}</ref> A Baháʼí [[Local Spiritual Assembly]] is noted in 1979 - as well as Baháʼís living in a total of 3 locations in Andorra.<ref name="BN581"/> |
In 1963 statistics on the community listed a registered ''group'' (less than 9 Baháʼís) in [[Andorra-la-Vella]].<ref name="stats">{{cite web | url =http://bahai-library.com/handscause_statistics_1953-63&chapter=1#19 | title = The Baháʼí Faith: 1844-1963: Information Statistical and Comparative, Including the Achievements of the Ten Year International Baháʼí Teaching & Consolidation Plan 1953-1963| author = Compiled by [[Hands of the Cause]] Residing in the Holy Land |page=56}}</ref> A Baháʼí [[Local Spiritual Assembly]] is noted in 1979 - as well as Baháʼís living in a total of 3 locations in Andorra.<ref name="BN581"/> |
||
By 1978 European countries other than Soviet and [[Microstates and the European Union|Microstates of Europe]] had their own [[Baháʼí administration#National Spiritual Assemblies|Baháʼí National Assembly]]. In the case of the microstates, most had one local assembly per state<ref name="West">{{cite book | last = Hassall | first = Graham | editor-last = Smith | editor-first = Peter | title = Baháʼís in the West | chapter = The Baháʼí Faiht in the West A Survey | publisher = Kalimat Press | year = 2004 |page=18 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=x7wyJdyE60oC |
By 1978 European countries other than Soviet and [[Microstates and the European Union|Microstates of Europe]] had their own [[Baháʼí administration#National Spiritual Assemblies|Baháʼí National Assembly]]. In the case of the microstates, most had one local assembly per state<ref name="West">{{cite book | last = Hassall | first = Graham | editor-last = Smith | editor-first = Peter | title = Baháʼís in the West | chapter = The Baháʼí Faiht in the West A Survey | publisher = Kalimat Press | year = 2004 |page=18 | chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=x7wyJdyE60oC&pg=PA20| isbn = 978-1-890688-11-0}}</ref> (an assembly requires at least 9 adult members of the religion in good standing in a civic boundary.) Some Andorran Baháʼís went on pilgrimage in 1992.<ref>{{Cite news | title = Mountainous country marks anniversary | newspaper = Baháʼí World News Service |at=Photo 7 | publisher = Baháʼí International Community | date = 18 November 2004 | url = http://news.bahai.org/multimedia/slideshow.php?storyid=335 | accessdate = 2010-06-06}}</ref> |
||
In 2003 the Andorran government co-sponsored a resolution passed by the third Committee of the [[United Nations General Assembly]] which expressed "serious concern" over continuing violations of human rights in Iran—and mentions specifically "continuing discrimination" against Baha'is and other religious minorities.<ref>{{Cite news | title = Baha'i International Community lauds passage of UN Resolution on Human Rights in Iran | newspaper = Baháʼí World News Service | publisher = Baháʼí International Community | date = 21 November 2003 | url =http://news.bahai.org/story/259 | accessdate = 2010-06-06}}</ref> See [[Persecution of Baháʼís]]. |
In 2003 the Andorran government co-sponsored a resolution passed by the third Committee of the [[United Nations General Assembly]] which expressed "serious concern" over continuing violations of human rights in Iran—and mentions specifically "continuing discrimination" against Baha'is and other religious minorities.<ref>{{Cite news | title = Baha'i International Community lauds passage of UN Resolution on Human Rights in Iran | newspaper = Baháʼí World News Service | publisher = Baháʼí International Community | date = 21 November 2003 | url =http://news.bahai.org/story/259 | accessdate = 2010-06-06}}</ref> See [[Persecution of Baháʼís]]. |
||
Second generation Baháʼí Jose Mingorance Tost was chairman of the Local Spiritual Assembly of the Baháʼís of Andorra in 2004 and the secretary is Badi Daemi.<ref name="50th"/> [[Marc Forné Molné]], then [[Head of Government of Andorra]], attended a reception before the ceremony for the 50th anniversary of the establishment of a community of the religion in 1954.<ref>{{Cite news | title = Mountainous country marks anniversary | newspaper = Baháʼí World News Service |at=Photos 2, 3 | publisher = Baháʼí International Community | date = 18 November 2004 | url =http://news.bahai.org/multimedia/slideshow.php?storyid=335 | accessdate = 2010-06-06}}</ref> |
Second generation Baháʼí Jose Mingorance Tost was chairman of the Local Spiritual Assembly of the Baháʼís of Andorra in 2004 and the secretary is Badi Daemi.<ref name="50th"/> [[Marc Forné Molné]], then [[Head of Government of Andorra]], attended a reception before the ceremony for the 50th anniversary of the establishment of a community of the religion in 1954.<ref>{{Cite news | title = Mountainous country marks anniversary | newspaper = Baháʼí World News Service |at=Photos 2, 3 | publisher = Baháʼí International Community | date = 18 November 2004 | url =http://news.bahai.org/multimedia/slideshow.php?storyid=335 | accessdate = 2010-06-06}}</ref> |
||
Regional conferences were called for by the [[Universal House of Justice]], current head of the religion, in October 2008 and one was held for the Iberian peninsula 24–25 January 2009 to celebrate recent achievements in grassroots community-building and to plan their next steps in organizing in their home areas. Among the 1400 attendees were two Bahaʼis who came from Andorra.<ref name="regionalconf">{{Cite news | last = Baháʼí International Community |
Regional conferences were called for by the [[Universal House of Justice]], current head of the religion, in October 2008 and one was held for the Iberian peninsula 24–25 January 2009 to celebrate recent achievements in grassroots community-building and to plan their next steps in organizing in their home areas. Among the 1400 attendees were two Bahaʼis who came from Andorra.<ref name="regionalconf">{{Cite news | last = Baháʼí International Community | author-link = Baháʼí International Community | title = The Madrid Regional Conference | newspaper = Baháʼí International News Service | date = 2008-11-11 | url=http://news.bahai.org/community-news/regional-conferences/madrid.html}}</ref> |
||
===Demographics=== |
===Demographics=== |
||
In 2005 according to the [[Association of Religion Data Archives]] (relying on [[World Christian Encyclopedia]]) the Baháʼís amounted to 0.1% or about 80 Baháʼís.<ref name="ARDA05 |
In 2005 according to the [[Association of Religion Data Archives]] (relying on [[World Christian Encyclopedia]]) the Baháʼís amounted to 0.1% or about 80 Baháʼís.<ref name="ARDA05"/> |
||
==See also== |
==See also== |
||
| Line 39: | Line 39: | ||
[[Category:Religion in Andorra]] |
[[Category:Religion in Andorra]] |
||
[[Category:Bahá'í Faith in Europe|A]] |
[[Category:Bahá'í Faith in Europe|A]] |
||
[[Category:Bahá'í Faith by country|Andorra]] |
|||
| Part of a series on the |
| Baháʼí Faith |
|---|
 |
|
Central figures |
|
Basics |
|
Key scripture |
|
Institutions |
|
History |
|
People |
|
Places |
|
Other topics |
|
|
The Baháʼí Faith in Andorra begins with the first mention of Andorra in Baháʼí literature when ʻAbdu'l-Bahá listed it as a place to take the religion to in 1916.[1] The first Baháʼí to pioneer to Andorra was William Danjon Dieudonne in 1953.[2] By 1979 a Baháʼí Local Spiritual AssemblyinAndorra-la-Vella is known.[3] In 2005 according to the Association of Religion Data Archives (relying on World Christian Encyclopedia) there were about 80 Baháʼís in Andorra.[4]
In the history of the Baháʼí Faith the first mention of Andorra is in the twentieth century. ʻAbdu'l-Bahá, the son of the founder of the religion, wrote a series of letters, or tablets, to the followers of the religion in the United States in 1916-1917; these letters were compiled together in the book titled Tablets of the Divine Plan. The seventh of the tablets was the first to mention several countries in Europe including beyond where ʻAbdu'l-Bahá had visited in 1911-12. Written on April 11, 1916, it was delayed in being presented in the United States until 1919 — after the end of World War I and the Spanish flu. The seventh tablet was translated and presented by Mirza Ahmad Sohrab on April 4, 1919, and published in Star of the West magazine on December 12, 1919.[5]
"In brief, this world-consuming war has set such a conflagration to the hearts that no word can describe it. In all the countries of the world the longing for universal peace is taking possession of the consciousness of men. There is not a soul who does not yearn for concord and peace. A most wonderful state of receptivity is being realized.… Therefore, O ye believers of God! Show ye an effort and after this war spread ye the synopsis of the divine teachings in the British Isles, France, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Russia, Italy, Spain, Belgium, Switzerland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Holland, Portugal, Rumania, Serbia, Montenegro, Bulgaria, Greece, Andorra, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Monaco, San Marino, Balearic Isles, Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, Crete, Malta, Iceland, Faroe Islands, Shetland Islands, Hebrides and Orkney Islands."[1]
Starting in 1946, following World War II, Shoghi Effendi, head of the religion after ʻAbdu'l-Bahá, drew up plans for the American (US and Canada) Baháʼí community to send pioneers to Europe; the Baháʼís set up a European Teaching Committee chaired by Edna True.[6] At a follow-up conference in Stockholm in August 1953, Hand of the Cause Dorothy Beecher Baker asked for a Baháʼí to settle in Andorra and French-born William Danjon Dieudonne volunteered. He left his home in Denmark and arrived in on 7 October 1953 and so was listed as a Knight of Baháʼu'lláh thereafter. In 1954, two residents of Andorra, Carmen Tost Xifre de Mingorance and her husband, Jose Mingorance Fernandez, joined the religion.[2][7]
According to the biography at Radio Andorra, in July 1955 Danjon was hired by Radio Andorra, where he worked under a pseudonym on air: Michel Avril. Michael is his middle name and Avril is the month of birth (April). He did not hide that he had come to promote the religion. In May 1963 Danjon left Radio Andorra and became Assistant Secretary of the Syndicat d'Initiatives Valleys of Andorra in Andorra la Vella, then in 1966 became director of the House of Andorra in Paris. Then from 1975 to 1981, he worked at Sud Radio and then joined the Andorran Ministry of Education and Culture until 1989.[7][8]
In 1963 statistics on the community listed a registered group (less than 9 Baháʼís) in Andorra-la-Vella.[9] A Baháʼí Local Spiritual Assembly is noted in 1979 - as well as Baháʼís living in a total of 3 locations in Andorra.[3]
By 1978 European countries other than Soviet and Microstates of Europe had their own Baháʼí National Assembly. In the case of the microstates, most had one local assembly per state[10] (an assembly requires at least 9 adult members of the religion in good standing in a civic boundary.) Some Andorran Baháʼís went on pilgrimage in 1992.[11]
In 2003 the Andorran government co-sponsored a resolution passed by the third Committee of the United Nations General Assembly which expressed "serious concern" over continuing violations of human rights in Iran—and mentions specifically "continuing discrimination" against Baha'is and other religious minorities.[12] See Persecution of Baháʼís.
Second generation Baháʼí Jose Mingorance Tost was chairman of the Local Spiritual Assembly of the Baháʼís of Andorra in 2004 and the secretary is Badi Daemi.[2] Marc Forné Molné, then Head of Government of Andorra, attended a reception before the ceremony for the 50th anniversary of the establishment of a community of the religion in 1954.[13] Regional conferences were called for by the Universal House of Justice, current head of the religion, in October 2008 and one was held for the Iberian peninsula 24–25 January 2009 to celebrate recent achievements in grassroots community-building and to plan their next steps in organizing in their home areas. Among the 1400 attendees were two Bahaʼis who came from Andorra.[14]
In 2005 according to the Association of Religion Data Archives (relying on World Christian Encyclopedia) the Baháʼís amounted to 0.1% or about 80 Baháʼís.[4]
|
| |
|---|---|
| Sovereign states |
|
| States with limited recognition |
|
| Dependencies and other entities |
|
