Beheira Governorate: Difference between revisions

<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->| name = Beheira Governorate

| settlement_type = [[Governorates of Egypt|Governorate]]

| image_skyline = DSC 5684-01.jpg

| image_flag = File:Flag of Behira Govenorate.svg

| flag_size = 120px

| image_blank_emblem = Coat of Arms of Behira Govenorate.png

| blank_emblem_size = 75px

| image_map = Behiera.svg

| image_map1 = Beheira in Egypt.svg

| map_caption = Beheira Governorate subdivisions

| map_caption1 = Beheira Governorate on the map of Egypt

| coordinates = {{coord|30.61|N|30.43|E|region:EG-BH|display=inline,title}}

| subdivision_type = Country

| subdivision_name = {{EGY}}

| seat = [[Damanhur]] (capital)

| leader_party =

| leader_title = Governor

| leader_name = [[Hesham Amna]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-egypt-governors/egypt-names-six-provincial-governors-mostly-ex-generals-idUSKCN11D285|title=رسمياً.. المحافظون الجدد ونوابهم يؤدون اليمين الدستورية أمام الرئيس|work=Almasry Alyoum|language=ar|date=30 August 2018|access-date=2018-08-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180831211714/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-egypt-governors/egypt-names-six-provincial-governors-mostly-ex-generals-idUSKCN11D285|archive-date=2018-08-31|url-status=live}}</ref>

| government_footnotes =

| area_footnotes = <ref name="sis.gov.eg" />

| area_total_km2 = 9,826

| area_land_km2 =

| area_water_km2 =

| population_footnotes = <ref name="CAPMAS2023">{{cite web |url=https://www.capmas.gov.eg/Admin/Pages%20Files/202331512347%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%AF%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86%20%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89%20%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%89%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B2%20%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%20%D9%81%D9%89%201%D9%80%201%D9%80%202023.pdf |access-date=2 April 2023}}</ref>

| population_total = 6830189

| population_as_of = January 2023

| population_density_km2 = auto

| demographics_type1 = GDP

| demographics1_footnotes = <ref>{{citation|title=GDP BY GOVERNORATE|url=https://mped.gov.eg/Governorate?lang=en|website=mped.gov.eg}}</ref>

|demographics1_title1 = Total

|demographics1_info1 = [[Egyptian pound|EGP]] 289 billion<br />([[US$]] 18.4 billion)

| timezone1 = [[Eastern European Time|EET]]

| utc_offset1 = +2

| timezone1_DST =

| utc_offset1_DST =

| blank_name_sec2 = [[Human Development Index|HDI]] (2021)

| blank_info_sec2 = 0.718<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sub-national HDI - Subnational HDI - Table - Global Data Lab |url=https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/table/shdi/EGY/?levels=1+4&years=2021&extrapolation=0 |access-date=2023-02-20 |website=globaldatalab.org}}</ref><br/>{{color|#0c0|high}} · [[List of governorates of Egypt by Human Development Index|16th]]

| website = {{URL|http://behira.gov.eg/}}

| iso_code = EG-BH

| calling_code =

| footnotes =

'''Beheira Governorate''' ({{lang-ar|محافظة البحيرة}} ''{{transl|arz|Moḥafzet el Beḥēra}}'', {{IPA-ar|moˈħɑfzˤet elbeˈħeːɾæ|IPA}}, "the governorate of the Lake") is a coastal [[governorates of Egypt|governorate]] in [[Egypt]]. Located in the northern part of the country in the [[Nile Delta]], its capital is [[Damanhur]].

[[File:Wadi El Natrun - El Alamein Rd, El Beheira Governorate, Egypt - panoramio.jpg|thumb|Wadi El Natrun - El Alamein Rd, El Beheira Governorate, Egypt]]

Beheira Governorate enjoys an important strategical place, west of the [[Rosetta]] branch of the [[Nile]]. It comprises four important highways, namely the [[Cairo]]-[[Alexandria]] desert road, the [[Cairo]] agricultural road, the international road, and the circular road. Beheira Governorate is also home to a number of the most important [[Copts|Coptic]] monasteries in [[Wadi El Natrun]] (Scetes).<ref name="sis.gov.eg">{{cite web |title=El-Beheira Governorate |url=http://www.sis.gov.eg/Story/68566?lang=en-us |website=sis.gov.eg |date=24 May 2016}}</ref><ref name="britannica">{{cite web |title=Al-Buḥayrah GOVERNORATE, EGYPT |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Al-Buhayrah|website=britannica}}</ref>

Beheira consists of 13 centers and 14 cities, and contains important industries such as cotton, chemicals, carpets, electricity, and fishing.

The governorate has a noteworthy number of archaeological sites, including at Abu El Matamir, Abu Hummus, Damanhour, Rosetta (Rashid), and Kafr El Dawwar.<ref name="Wilson 2009">

}}</ref> Coins, lamps, animal bones, and pottery from Roman and later Eastern Roman (Byzantine) eras are some of the archaeological finds discovered at Kom El Giza, and Kom El Hamam in Beheira.<ref name="SCHEDIA PROJECT">{{cite web |last1=Bergmann |first1=Marianne |last2=Heinzelmann |first2=Michael |title=Schedia Project at Kom El Giza / Kom El Haman |url=http://archaeologie.uni-koeln.de/sites/archaeologie/Dokumente/personen/heinzelmann/publikationen/Bergmann_Heinzelmann_Schedia_2009.pdf |website=archaeologie.uni-koeln.de |publisher=University of Goettingen/Germany at Schedia}}</ref>

In 2017, Egyptian President [[Abdel Fattah el-Sisi|Abdel Fattah al-Sissi]] appointed the first female governor in the country's history, [[Nadia Ahmed Abdou]], for Beheira Governorate.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2017/02/egypt-appoint-first-female-governor-nadia-abdu-baheira.html|title=Egypt's first-ever female governor marches to a different drummer|date=2017-02-22|newspaper=Al-Monitor|access-date=2017-02-22|language=en-us|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170223003016/http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2017/02/egypt-appoint-first-female-governor-nadia-abdu-baheira.html|archive-date=2017-02-23|url-status=live}}</ref>

The rate of poverty in the governate is more than 60%, however, some social safety networks have been provided recently in the form of financial assistance, and job opportunities. The funding has been coordinated by Egypt's [[Ministry of Finance (Egypt)|Ministry of Finance]] and with assistance from international organisations.<ref name="Takaful and Karama">{{cite news |title=Social Solidarity Ministry to provide citizens with disabilities financial support |url=https://ww.egyptindependent.com/social-solidarity-ministry-financial-support/ |access-date=11 December 2018 |work=Egypt Independent |date=25 July 2017}}</ref>

The governorate is divided into the following [[Subdivisions of Egypt#Municipal divisions|municipal divisions]] for administrative purposes, with a total estimated population as of January 2023 of 6,830,189. In some instances there is a markaz and a kism with the same name.<ref name="CAPMAS2023" />

! Anglicized name !! Native name !! Arabic transliteration !! Population<br /><small>(January 2023 Est.)</small>!! Type

| Abu El Matamir || style="text-align:right;"| {{lang|ar|مركز ابو المطامير}} || {{transl|ar|Abū al-Maṭāmīr}} ||style="text-align:right;"|603,640 || [[Markaz (country subdivision)|Markaz]]

| Abu Hummus || style="text-align:right;"| {{lang|ar|مركز أبو حمص}} || {{transl|ar|Abū Ḥummuṣ}} ||style="text-align:right;"|581,820 || Markaz

| Mahmoudiyah || style="text-align:right;"| {{lang|ar|مركز المحمودية}} || {{transl|ar|Al-Maḥmūdiyah}} ||style="text-align:right;"|305,974 || Markaz

| Rahmaniya || style="text-align:right;"| {{lang|ar|مركز الرحمانية}}|| {{transl|ar|Ar-Raḥmāniyah}} ||style="text-align:right;"|176,315 || Markaz

| Damanhour || style="text-align:right;"| {{lang|ar|قسم دمنهور}}||{{transl|ar| Damanhūr}}|| style="text-align:right;"|327,352 || Kism (fully urban)

| Damanhour || style="text-align:right;"| {{lang|ar|مركز دمنهور}} || {{transl|ar|Damanhūr}} || style="text-align:right;"|586,244 || Markaz

| West Nubariyah || style="text-align:right;"| {{lang|ar|قسم غرب النوبارية }}|| {{transl|ar|Gharb an-Nūbāriyah}} || style="text-align:right;"|130,405 || Kism (urban and rural parts)

| Hosh Essa || style="text-align:right;"| {{lang|ar|مركز حوش عيسى}} || {{transl|ar|Ḥawsh 'Īsā}} || style="text-align:right;"|339,556 || Markaz

| Edku ||style="text-align:right;"| {{lang|ar|مركز إدكو}} || {{transl|ar|Idkū}} || style="text-align:right;"|257,873 || Markaz

| Kafr El Dawwar || style="text-align:right;"| {{lang|ar|قسم كفر الدوار}}|| {{transl|ar|Kafr ad-Dawwār}} || style="text-align:right;"|344,133 || Kism (urban and rural parts)

| Kafr El Dawwar || style="text-align:right;"| {{lang|ar|مركز كفر الدوار}} || {{transl|ar|Kafr ad-Dawwār}} || style="text-align:right;"|749,595 || Markaz

| Rosetta || style="text-align:right;"| {{lang|ar|مركز رشيد}}|| {{transl|ar|Rashīd}} || style="text-align:right;"|309,188 || Markaz

| Shubrakhit || style="text-align:right;"| {{lang|ar|مركز شبرا خيت}}|| {{transl|ar|Shubrākhīt}} || style="text-align:right;"|302,429 || Markaz

| Natrn Valley || style="text-align:right;"| {{lang|ar|مركز وادى النطرون}} || {{transl|ar|Wadi an-Natrun}}|| style="text-align:right;"|90,576 || Markaz

According to population estimates, in 2015 the majority of residents in the governorate lived in rural areas, with an urbanization rate of only 19.5%. Out of an estimated 5,804,262 people residing in the governorate, 4,674,346 people lived in rural areas as opposed to only 1,129,916 in urban areas.<ref name="pop">{{cite web|title=Population Estimates By Sex & Governorate 1/1/2015|url=http://www.msrintranet.capmas.gov.eg/pdf/EgyptinFigures2015/EgyptinFigures/Tables/PDF/1-%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86/pop.pdf|website=CAPMAS|access-date=23 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151019093240/http://www.msrintranet.capmas.gov.eg/pdf/EgyptinFigures2015/EgyptinFigures/Tables/PDF/1-%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86/pop.pdf|archive-date=2015-10-19|url-status=live}}</ref>

*[[El Karyun]]

*[[Shubra Khit|Shubrakhit]]

* [[Mahmud Shaltut]], former [[Grand Imam of al-Azhar|Grand Imam of Al-Azhar]]

* [[Pope Benjamin I of Alexandria]], former [[Pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church|Pope of Alexandria & Patriarch of the See of St. Mark]]

* [[Mohammed al-Ghazali]], [[List of contemporary Islamic scholars|Islamic Scholar]]

* [[Hassan Shehata]], football manager

According to the Egyptian Governing Authority for Investment and Free Zones (GAFI), in affiliation with the Ministry of Investment (MOI), the following industrial zones are located in this governorate:<ref name="IndustrialZones">{{cite web |title=Industrial Zones of Governorate |url=http://www.gafi.gov.eg/English/StartaBusiness/InvestmentZones/Pages/Industrial-Zones.aspx |website=Ministry of Investment Egypt |access-date=23 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181123201111/http://www.gafi.gov.eg/English/StartaBusiness/InvestmentZones/Pages/Industrial-Zones.aspx |archive-date=2018-11-23 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="sis.gov.eg" />

In 1981, the ''Basic Village Service Program'' (BVS), under the auspices of USAID, had several water, road, and other projects, going on in several markazes in Beheira Governorate.<ref name="SrvcProgram">{{cite web|title=Egypt: The Basic Village Services Program|url=https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PDAAR029.pdf|website=USAID|access-date=19 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161019144503/https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PDAAR029.pdf|archive-date=2016-10-19|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2018 the governorate council discussed a campaign of [[mosquito control]] and animal control to avert the spread of preventable diseases.<ref name="2018 council mtg">{{cite news |last1=Qassam |first1=Hamdi |title=Secretary General discusses stray dogs and mosquitoes in the lake |url=https://www.almasryalyoum.com/news/details/1344375 |work=Al Masry Al Youm |date=19 November 2018 |access-date=2018-11-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181120011755/https://www.almasryalyoum.com/news/details/1344375 |archive-date=2018-11-20 |url-status=live }}</ref>