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'''Bird's eye chili''', '''bird eye chili''', '''bird's chili''', '''Thai chili''', '''cili padi''' in Malay, or '''Kanthari''' in Malayalam is a [[chili pepper]], a [[variety (botany)|variety]] from the species ''[[Capsicum annuum]]'', commonly found in [[Ethiopia]] and across [[Southeast Asia]]. Native to North America [[Mexico]]. It is used extensively in many [[Asian cuisine]]s. It may be mistaken for a similar-looking chili derived from the species ''[[Capsicum frutescens]]'', the cultivar "[[siling labuyo]]". ''Capsicum frutescens'' fruits are generally smaller and characteristically point upwards. |
'''Bird's eye chili''', '''bird eye chili''', '''bird's chili''', ''' Chile de arbol''' '''Thai chili''', '''cili padi''' in Malay, or '''Kanthari''' in Malayalam is a [[chili pepper]], a [[variety (botany)|variety]] from the species ''[[Capsicum annuum]]'', commonly found in [[Ethiopia]] and across [[Southeast Asia]]. Native to North America [[Mexico]]. It is used extensively in many [[Asian cuisine]]s. It may be mistaken for a similar-looking chili derived from the species ''[[Capsicum frutescens]]'', the cultivar "[[siling labuyo]]". ''Capsicum frutescens'' fruits are generally smaller and characteristically point upwards. |
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== Description == |
== Description == |
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| Bird's eye chili | |
|---|---|
Several bird's eye chilis on a shrub
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| Species | Capsicum annuum[1] |
| Cultivar | Bird's Eye |
| Heat |  Very hot |
| Scoville scale | 50,000-100,000 SHU |
Bird's eye chili, bird eye chili, bird's chili, Chile de arbol Thai chili, cili padi in Malay, or Kanthari in Malayalam is a chili pepper, a variety from the species Capsicum annuum, commonly found in Ethiopia and across Southeast Asia. Native to North America Mexico. It is used extensively in many Asian cuisines. It may be mistaken for a similar-looking chili derived from the species Capsicum frutescens, the cultivar "siling labuyo". Capsicum frutescens fruits are generally smaller and characteristically point upwards.
The bird's eye chili plant is a perennial with small, tapering fruits, often two or three, at a node. The fruits are very pungent.
The bird's eye chili is small, but is quite hot (piquant). It measures around 50,000 - 100,000 Scoville units, which is at the lower half of the range for the hotter habanero, but still much hotter than a common jalapeño.[2]
All chilis found around the world today have their origins in Mexico, Central America, and South America.[3] They were spread by Spanish and Portuguese colonists, missionaries, and traders, together with many other now common crops such as maize, tomatoes and pineapples through the Columbian Exchange. The chili varieties found in Southeast Asia today were brought there in the 16th or 17th century.[4][5]
InIndonesian cuisine, these chilis are widely used in a variety of dishes and sambals.
InVietnamese cuisine, these chilis are used in soups, salads, and stir-fried dishes. They are also put in a wide variety of sauces, pastes, and marinades, used as a condiment or eaten raw, both fresh and dried.
InThai cuisine, these chilis are highly valued for their fruity taste and extreme spiciness. They are extensively used in many Thai dishes, such as in Thai curries and in Thai salads, green as well as the ripe red chilis; or they can just be eaten raw on the side, with for instance, khao kha mu (stewed pork trotter served with rice).
The more decorative, but slightly less pungent chili, sometimes known as "Thai ornamental", has peppers that point upward on the plant, and range from green to yellow, orange, and then red. It is the basis for the hybrid cultivar "Numex twilight", essentially the same, but less pungent, and starting with purple fruit, creating a rainbow effect. These peppers can grow wild in places such as Saipan and Guam.
