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{{Short description|Former museum in Bristol, England}} |
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{{EngvarB|date=November 2013}} |
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{{Use British English|date=February 2023}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}} |
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{{Infobox museum |
{{Infobox museum |
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The '''British Empire and Commonwealth Museum''' ({{gbmapping|ST597725}}) was a museum in [[Bristol]], |
The '''British Empire and Commonwealth Museum''' ({{gbmapping|ST597725}}) was a museum in [[Bristol]], England, exploring the history of the [[British Empire]] and the effect of [[British colonial rule]] on the rest of the world. The museum opened in 2002 and entered voluntary liquidation in 2013. |
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The museum opened in 2002 in Bristol's historic [[Bristol Temple Meads railway station|old railway station]], designed by [[Isambard Kingdom Brunel]], following renovation and conversion costing £8 million.<ref name="museumsassociation-20110316" /> It was completed in 1840 and includes the passenger shed and the adjoining former engine and carriage shed. It is over {{convert|220|ft|m|abbr=on|adj=mid|long}} with timber and iron roof spans of {{convert|72|ft|m|abbr=on}}, this Grade I [[listed building]]<ref>{{cite web | title=Bristol Old Station, Temple Meads | work=historicengland.org.uk | url=https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1209622 | access-date=13 March 2007}}</ref> has been nominated as part of a [[World Heritage Site]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/server/show/conGap.6|title= British Empire and Commonwealth Museum |access-date=13 March 2007 |work=English Heritage }}</ref> |
The museum opened in 2002 in Bristol's historic [[Bristol Temple Meads railway station|old railway station]], designed by [[Isambard Kingdom Brunel]], following renovation and conversion costing £8 million.<ref name="museumsassociation-20110316" /> It was completed in 1840 and includes the passenger shed and the adjoining former engine and carriage shed. It is over {{convert|220|ft|m|abbr=on|adj=mid|long}} with timber and iron roof spans of {{convert|72|ft|m|abbr=on}}, this Grade I [[listed building]]<ref>{{cite web | title=Bristol Old Station, Temple Meads | work=historicengland.org.uk | url=https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1209622 | access-date=13 March 2007}}</ref> has been nominated as part of a [[World Heritage Site]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/server/show/conGap.6|title= British Empire and Commonwealth Museum |access-date=13 March 2007 |work=English Heritage }}</ref> |
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==''Breaking the Chains'' == |
==''Breaking the Chains'' == |
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The museum's ''Breaking the Chains'' exhibition, funded by a £1m [[Heritage Lottery grant]] to mark the |
The museum's ''Breaking the Chains'' exhibition, funded by a £1m [[Heritage Lottery grant]] to mark the 200th anniversary of the abolition of the [[British Transatlantic Slave Trade]] by the [[Slave Trade Act 1807]], was shortlisted for the [[Art Fund Prize]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.artfundprize.org.uk/2008/shortlist1.php |title=The Art Fund Prize for museums and galleries – Press room |publisher=Artfundprize.org.uk |access-date=12 December 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314184550/http://www.artfundprize.org.uk/2008/shortlist1.php |archive-date=14 March 2012}}</ref> |
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==Closure and controversy== |
==Closure and controversy== |
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On 16 March 2011, the Museums Association announced that the Director of the museum, Gareth Griffiths, had been dismissed pending a police investigation into the unauthorised disposal of museum objects.<ref name="museumsassociation-20110316"> |
On 16 March 2011, the Museums Association announced that the Director of the museum, Gareth Griffiths, had been dismissed pending a police investigation into the unauthorised disposal of museum objects.<ref name="museumsassociation-20110316"> |
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{{cite web |url=http://www.museumsassociation.org/museums-journal/news/16032011-becm |title=Museum director dismissed pending police investigation |publisher=Museums Association |date=16 March 2011 |access-date=16 March 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2011/mar/17/british-empire-museum-director-dismissed|title=Museum director leaves post amid police investigation into 'missing' exhibits|author=Steven Morris|work=The Guardian|date=17 March 2011|access-date=16 March 2011|location=London}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theartnewspaper.com/articles/Rise-and-fall-of-the-British-Empire-museum/24476|title=Rise and fall of the British Empire museum: As the scale of unethical disposals emerges, who knew what?|author=Gareth Harris|publisher=The Art Newspaper|date=3 September 2011|access-date=3 March 2012}}</ref> |
{{cite web |url=http://www.museumsassociation.org/museums-journal/news/16032011-becm |title=Museum director dismissed pending police investigation |publisher=Museums Association |date=16 March 2011 |access-date=16 March 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2011/mar/17/british-empire-museum-director-dismissed|title=Museum director leaves post amid police investigation into 'missing' exhibits|author=Steven Morris|work=The Guardian|date=17 March 2011|access-date=16 March 2011|location=London}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theartnewspaper.com/articles/Rise-and-fall-of-the-British-Empire-museum/24476|title=Rise and fall of the British Empire museum: As the scale of unethical disposals emerges, who knew what?|author=Gareth Harris|publisher=The Art Newspaper|date=3 September 2011|access-date=3 March 2012|archive-date=5 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105031655/http://www.theartnewspaper.com/articles/Rise-and-fall-of-the-British-Empire-museum/24476|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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On 28 March 2012, the museum announced that the planned move to London had been cancelled<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.empiremuseum.co.uk/ |title=British Empire and Commonwealth Museum |access-date=5 April 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110228112239/http://www.empiremuseum.co.uk/ |archive-date=28 February 2011}}</ref> and that it would instead give its collection to the City of Bristol to display at the [[Bristol City Museum and Art Gallery]] at a future date. The Old Station which had previously housed the museum was also given to the city, and may be used for future [[Network Rail]] services to London.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bristol247.com/2012/03/29/empire-museum-collection-given-to-bristol-61388/ |title=Empire Museum collection given to Bristol |
On 28 March 2012, the museum announced that the planned move to London had been cancelled<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.empiremuseum.co.uk/ |title=British Empire and Commonwealth Museum |access-date=5 April 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110228112239/http://www.empiremuseum.co.uk/ |archive-date=28 February 2011}}</ref> and that it would instead give its collection to the City of Bristol to display at the [[Bristol City Museum and Art Gallery]] at a future date. The Old Station which had previously housed the museum was also given to the city, and may be used for future [[Network Rail]] services to London.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bristol247.com/2012/03/29/empire-museum-collection-given-to-bristol-61388/ |title=Empire Museum collection given to Bristol |publisher=Bristol 24-7 |date=29 March 2012 |access-date=5 April 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105025304/http://www.bristol247.com/2012/03/29/empire-museum-collection-given-to-bristol-61388/ |archive-date=5 November 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-17540037|title=Bristol museum could revert to rail platform|work=[[BBC News]]|date=28 March 2012|access-date=5 April 2012}}</ref> |
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The unauthorised sale of hundreds of items from the museum's collection was the subject of a [[BBC One]] ''[[Inside Out (2002 TV programme)|Inside Out]]'' programme on 10 December 2012.<ref name="guardian1">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2012/dec/10/row-british-empire-museum-artefacts|title=Row erupts over British empire museum's 'lost' artefacts|author=Steven Morris|date=9 December 2012|work=The Guardian|access-date=12 December 2012|location=London}}</ref><ref name="bbc-20121210">{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-20611866 |title=Items 'missing' from British Empire and Commonwealth Museum |publisher=BBC |date=10 December 2012 |access-date=22 March 2014}}</ref> |
The unauthorised sale of hundreds of items from the museum's collection was the subject of a [[BBC One]] ''[[Inside Out (2002 TV programme)|Inside Out]]'' programme on 10 December 2012.<ref name="guardian1">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2012/dec/10/row-british-empire-museum-artefacts|title=Row erupts over British empire museum's 'lost' artefacts|author=Steven Morris|date=9 December 2012|work=The Guardian|access-date=12 December 2012|location=London}}</ref><ref name="bbc-20121210">{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-20611866 |title=Items 'missing' from British Empire and Commonwealth Museum |publisher=BBC |date=10 December 2012 |access-date=22 March 2014}}</ref> |
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In a letter dated 22 May 2013, the museum wrote to one of the lenders of items:{{Citation needed|date=June 2019}} |
In a letter dated 22 May 2013, the museum wrote to one of the lenders of items:{{Citation needed|date=June 2019}} |
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{{ |
{{blockquote|Following a further extensive search for the items, I can now confirm that, unfortunately, we have only been able to locate one of the ten [items]... It is a matter of great regret that the Museum cannot locate the remaining items and I apologise on behalf of the Museum's trustees for this. I also confirm that the Museum has now completed the transfer of the artefacts it held to the British Empire & Commonwealth Trust (held by Bristol City Council) and the Museum has now moved out of its premises and it is proposed that the company which operates the Museum will be wound down in the near future, with an intention to enter a Members Voluntary Liquidation in July 2013.}} |
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On 24 October 2013, The British Empire and Commonwealth Museum and The Empire Museum Ltd were placed into "members' voluntary liquidation"; two employees of [[PricewaterhouseCoopers]], Bristol, were appointed joint liquidators. |
On 24 October 2013, The British Empire and Commonwealth Museum and The Empire Museum Ltd were placed into "members' voluntary liquidation"; two employees of [[PricewaterhouseCoopers]], Bristol, were appointed joint liquidators. |
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=== |
=== “Lost” items === |
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{{update-section}} |
{{update-section|date=September 2021}} |
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[[File:The Honourable East India Company's ship Dunira passing Funchal Bay on the Island of Madeira - Thomas Buttersworth.jpg|thumb|''The Honourable East India Company's ship Dunira passing Funchal Bay on the Island of Madeira'' by [[Thomas Buttersworth]] ]] |
[[File:The Honourable East India Company's ship Dunira passing Funchal Bay on the Island of Madeira - Thomas Buttersworth.jpg|thumb|''The Honourable East India Company's ship Dunira passing Funchal Bay on the Island of Madeira'' by [[Thomas Buttersworth]] ]] |
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The following is a partial list. |
The following is a partial list. |
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*[[Thomas Buttersworth]]'s painting of the [[East India Company]]'s ''Dunira'', loaned by [[Lord Caldecote]], was |
*[[Thomas Buttersworth]]'s painting of the [[East India Company]]'s ''Dunira'', loaned by [[Lord Caldecote]], was sold at auction in 2008, to the [[Government of Madeira]], without the owner's consent.<ref name="guardian1" /><ref>{{cite web |title=Thomas Buttersworth (1768-1842) |url=https://www.christies.com/lot/lot-thomas-buttersworth-the-honourable-east-india-com-5127620/?from=searchresults&intObjectID=5127620&sid=342297e1-b206-4305-a392-ec49b068a744 |publisher=Christie's |access-date=1 September 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title="The Honourable East India Company's Ship Dunira Passing Funchal Bay" |url=https://cultura.madeira.gov.pt/en/archives-libraries/47-english/other-archives-and-libraries/1210-“the-honourable-east-india-company’s-ship-dunira-passing-funchal-bay,-island-of-madeira-”.html |publisher=Cultura Madeira |access-date=1 September 2021}}</ref> |
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* Bronze statuette of [[John Robert Godley]] donated by New Zealand.<ref name="listener1">{{cite web|url=http://www.listener.co.nz/current-affairs/uk-museum-art-scandal-comes-to-a-head/ |title=UK museum artefact scandal comes to a head – Current Affairs |publisher=The Listener |date=23 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121213074822/http://www.listener.co.nz/current-affairs/uk-museum-art-scandal-comes-to-a-head/ |archive-date= |
* Bronze statuette of [[John Robert Godley]] donated by New Zealand.<ref name="listener1">{{cite web|url=http://www.listener.co.nz/current-affairs/uk-museum-art-scandal-comes-to-a-head/ |title=UK museum artefact scandal comes to a head – Current Affairs |publisher=The Listener |date=23 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121213074822/http://www.listener.co.nz/current-affairs/uk-museum-art-scandal-comes-to-a-head/ |archive-date=13 December 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="listener2">{{cite web|url=http://www.listener.co.nz/current-affairs/treasure-hunt/ |title=Treasure hunt – Current Affairs |work=The Listener |date=16 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303224148/http://www.listener.co.nz/current-affairs/treasure-hunt/ |archive-date=3 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="listener3">{{cite web |url=http://www.listener.co.nz/current-affairs/artefact-scandal-a-salutary-lesson/ |title=Artefact scandal a salutary lesson |date=23 March 2012 |first1=Sally |last1=Blundell |publisher=The Listener |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120810203050/http://www.listener.co.nz/current-affairs/artefact-scandal-a-salutary-lesson/ |archive-date=10 August 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |
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* Maori [[Wharenui|pare]] (carved lintel) donated by New Zealand.<ref name="listener1" /><ref name="listener2" /> |
* Maori [[Wharenui|pare]] (carved lintel) donated by New Zealand.<ref name="listener1" /><ref name="listener2" /> |
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* Model pataka (store house) donated by New Zealand.<ref name="listener1" /> |
* Model pataka (store house) donated by New Zealand.<ref name="listener1" /> |
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==Collections== |
==Collections== |
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After the closure of the museum the collections were given to [[Bristol City Council]] to care for, with the objects under the care of [[Bristol Museum and Art Gallery]] and the archive collections (including papers, books, photographic, film and sound) under the care of [[Bristol Archives]]. Since 2014 Bristol Archives have worked to catalogue some of the photographic and film collections, digitise them and make them available for public use. |
After the closure of the museum the collections were given to [[Bristol City Council]] to care for, with the objects under the care of [[Bristol Museum and Art Gallery]] and the archive collections (including papers, books, photographic, film and sound) under the care of [[Bristol Archives]]. The [[Ordnance Survey International|Directorate of Overseas Surveys]] photographic collection was deposited with the [[National Collection of Aerial Photography]] in Edinburgh in 2012.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ncap.org.uk/DOS |title=DOS Collection deposited with NCAP.|access-date=April 13, 2022}}</ref> Since 2014 Bristol Archives have worked to catalogue some of the photographic and film collections, digitise them and make them available for public use. |
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==References== |
==References== |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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* [http://www.empiremuseum.co.uk/ British Empire & Commonwealth Museum website] |
* [http://www.empiremuseum.co.uk/ British Empire & Commonwealth Museum website]{{deadlink|date=June 2024}} |
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** [https://web.archive.org/web/20101108133608/http://www.empiremuseum.co.uk/exhibitions/maingalleries.htm Official website (archived)] on [[Wayback Machine]] |
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* [http://www.imagesofempire.com/ Images of Empire online resource of still and moving images] |
* [http://www.imagesofempire.com/ Images of Empire online resource of still and moving images] |
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* {{EW charity|1097205|The British Empire and Commonwealth Museum}} |
* {{EW charity|1097205|The British Empire and Commonwealth Museum}} |
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* [http://www.theartnewspaper.com/articles/Rise-and-fall-of-the-British-Empire-museum/24476 Article on the rise and fall of the museum] |
* [http://www.theartnewspaper.com/articles/Rise-and-fall-of-the-British-Empire-museum/24476 Article on the rise and fall of the museum] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105031655/http://www.theartnewspaper.com/articles/Rise-and-fall-of-the-British-Empire-museum/24476 |date=5 November 2013 }} |
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{{Commonwealth of Nations topics}} |
{{Commonwealth of Nations topics}} |
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Location within Bristol | |
Established | 2002 |
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Dissolved | 2013 |
Location | Bristol |
Coordinates | 51°26′56″N 2°35′01″W / 51.4489°N 2.5835°W / 51.4489; -2.5835 |
Director | Gareth Griffiths (former) |
The British Empire and Commonwealth Museum (grid reference ST597725) was a museum in Bristol, England, exploring the history of the British Empire and the effect of British colonial rule on the rest of the world. The museum opened in 2002 and entered voluntary liquidation in 2013.
The museum opened in 2002 in Bristol's historic old railway station, designed by Isambard Kingdom Brunel, following renovation and conversion costing £8 million.[1] It was completed in 1840 and includes the passenger shed and the adjoining former engine and carriage shed. It is over 220 ft long (67 m) with timber and iron roof spans of 72 ft (22 m), this Grade I listed building[2] has been nominated as part of a World Heritage Site.[3]
The museum had a flourishing publications department, producing books on aspects of colonial life such as the history of the Northern Rhodesia Police, and a register of titles of the regiments of the Honourable East India Company and East Indian Armies. The museum also held the collection of artefacts of the Commonwealth Institute; extensive photograph stills, paper, film and oral history archives, and a costume collection. These are now in the care of Bristol Museums, Galleries & Archives (apart from loans which were returned to their owners).[4]
The museum was also the home of the New World Tapestry.[5][6]
Unlike many national museums in Britain, the BECM was not publicly funded, but owned and operated by a charitable trust; consequently an admission charge was in place.
The museum's Breaking the Chains exhibition, funded by a £1m Heritage Lottery grant to mark the 200th anniversary of the abolition of the British Transatlantic Slave Trade by the Slave Trade Act 1807, was shortlisted for the Art Fund Prize.[7]
On 23 November 2007 the museum announced it would be moving its core operations to London in 2008.[8] The museum closed to the public in the autumn of 2008[8] and for school visits at the end of March 2009.[9]
On 16 March 2011, the Museums Association announced that the Director of the museum, Gareth Griffiths, had been dismissed pending a police investigation into the unauthorised disposal of museum objects.[1][10][11]
On 28 March 2012, the museum announced that the planned move to London had been cancelled[12] and that it would instead give its collection to the City of Bristol to display at the Bristol City Museum and Art Gallery at a future date. The Old Station which had previously housed the museum was also given to the city, and may be used for future Network Rail services to London.[13][14]
The unauthorised sale of hundreds of items from the museum's collection was the subject of a BBC One Inside Out programme on 10 December 2012.[15][16]
In a letter dated 22 May 2013, the museum wrote to one of the lenders of items:[citation needed]
Following a further extensive search for the items, I can now confirm that, unfortunately, we have only been able to locate one of the ten [items]... It is a matter of great regret that the Museum cannot locate the remaining items and I apologise on behalf of the Museum's trustees for this. I also confirm that the Museum has now completed the transfer of the artefacts it held to the British Empire & Commonwealth Trust (held by Bristol City Council) and the Museum has now moved out of its premises and it is proposed that the company which operates the Museum will be wound down in the near future, with an intention to enter a Members Voluntary Liquidation in July 2013.
On 24 October 2013, The British Empire and Commonwealth Museum and The Empire Museum Ltd were placed into "members' voluntary liquidation"; two employees of PricewaterhouseCoopers, Bristol, were appointed joint liquidators.
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This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (September 2021)
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The following is a partial list.
After the closure of the museum the collections were given to Bristol City Council to care for, with the objects under the care of Bristol Museum and Art Gallery and the archive collections (including papers, books, photographic, film and sound) under the care of Bristol Archives. The Directorate of Overseas Surveys photographic collection was deposited with the National Collection of Aerial Photography in Edinburgh in 2012.[22] Since 2014 Bristol Archives have worked to catalogue some of the photographic and film collections, digitise them and make them available for public use.
Now the 39 million stitch tapestry, which was 23 years in the making.
Pow Wow also features the stunning New World Tapestry. Created over 25 years in England's West Country and larger than the Bayeaux Tapestry, it presents a light-hearted history of the colonial period as well as providing a fascinating record of the people and plants that made possible Britain's first empire in America.
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