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|television = None |
|television = None |
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|presenter = Tim Hitchner, others unknown |
|presenter = Tim Hitchner, others unknown |
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|starring = Tim Hitchner |
|starring = Tim Hitchner |
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|announcer = Tim Hitchner, others unknown |
|announcer = Tim Hitchner, others unknown |
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|creator = Tim Hitchner, others unknown |
|creator = Tim Hitchner, others unknown |
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|writer = Tim Hitchner, others unknown |
|writer = Tim Hitchner, others unknown |
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|director = Tim Hitchner, others unknown |
|director = Tim Hitchner, others unknown |
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|senior_editor = Tim Hitchner, |
|senior_editor = Tim Hitchner, |
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|editor = Tim Hitchner, others unknown |
|editor = Tim Hitchner, others unknown |
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|producer = Tim Hitchner, others unknown |
|producer = Tim Hitchner, others unknown |
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|website=http://www.brocket99.net/|rem_location=}} |
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}} |
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[[File:1090 CHEC in Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada.jpg|thumbnail|The 1090 CHEC Radio Station where Brocket 99 was recorded.]] |
[[File:1090 CHEC in Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada.jpg|thumbnail|The 1090 CHEC Radio Station where Brocket 99 was recorded.]] |
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[[File:Tim Hitchner July 2006.jpg|thumbnail|Tim Hitchner July 2006]] |
[[File:Tim Hitchner July 2006.jpg|thumbnail|Tim Hitchner July 2006]] |
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'''''Brocket 99''''' |
'''''Brocket 99''''' was a comedy [[Magnetic tape|audio tape]] that [[parody|parodied]] [[First Nations of Canada|aboriginal people in Canada]]. It has been described as a "phenomenon" by some, and racist by others.<ref name="cgyherald" /> |
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==1986 tape== |
==1986 tape== |
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{{More citations needed|section|date=June 2021}}The premise of the Brocket 99 tape was that of a fictitious [[radio station]] broadcasting from [[Brocket, Alberta]], on the [[Northern Peigan]] reserve (a real [[First Nations in Canada|First Nations]] reservation 70 km west of [[Lethbridge, Alberta]]), hosted by a character named "Ernie Scar" and featuring other participants. |
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The parody played on numerous aboriginal [[stereotypes]] and has been characterized as [[racist]]. The tape included names of real people, stores and towns and is an "international underground phenomenon".<ref name="cgyherald">{{cite news |
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| last = Burroughs | first = Alexandra | title = Is it comedy or racism? Brocket 99 film raises big issues | pages = E4,E7 | publisher = Calgary Herald | date = 2005-07-13}}</ref> |
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The tape [[stereotypes]] Canadian [[First Nations in Canada|First Nations]] peoples as habitual users of alcohol, drugs and welfare, engaging in anti-social behavior, and low in intelligence. The content of the tape is a mixture of music, advertisements, news, sports, interviews and local announcements divided into two parts corresponding to the two sides of a [[cassette tape]] in common use at the time. Music played on the tape included complete versions from [[AC/DC]], [[Hank Williams Jr.]], [[The Romantics]], [[Paul Revere & the Raiders]], [[John Anderson (musician)|John Anderson]], [[Doctor and the Medics]] and [[Dwight Yoakam]], although AC/DC is the most used artist throughout the tape. Advertisements on the tape were either original creations interspersed with vulgarity, racism, and stereotypical language for real products, such as for [[Lysol]], or taken from legitimately produced radio commercials for companies such as [[Safeway Inc.|Safeway]], Penner's Men's, and Women's Wear in [[Taber, Alberta]] and [[Beaver Lumber]]. News, sports, interviews, and local announcements on the tape are largely original creations interspersed with factual entities, such as the [[Seattle Seahawks]] and [[Toronto Blue Jays]], as well as non-existent entities, such as "Brocket Used Motors" and "Brocket Alcohol & Drug Abuse Hotline" created specifically for the tape. It is unconfirmed though realistically impossible that any of the music or produced or original advertising content for any of the businesses referred to in the tape would have authorized their use during the production of the tape, owing to the stereotypical and racist content used by the tape's creators. |
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The tape was created in 1986 by [[Disc jockey|radio DJ]]s in [[Lethbridge]], [[Alberta]], purportedly inspired by a clip of a parody of [[gay]] men running a radio station called "[[AIDS]] Radio".<ref>{{cite news |
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| last = Beeber | first = Al | title = Brocket 99 documentary ‘pretty provocative,’ says filmmaker |
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| publisher = Lethbridge Herald | date = 2006-09-19}}</ref> The "Brocket 99" tape was never made to be marketed and was meant as a parody.<ref name="cgyherald" /> |
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The tape was created in 1986 by Tim Hitchner, a [[Disc jockey|radio DJ]] in [[Lethbridge]], Alberta, as a parody and not intended to be marketed.<ref name="cgyherald" /><ref>{{cite web|title=Beef denounced in Yates play|url=https://newspaperarchive.com/ca/alberta/lethbridge/lethbridge-herald/1995/10-14/page-24|last=Sullivan|first=Pat|date=1995-10-14|publisher=Lethbridge Herald}}</ref> Hitchner worked as a radio DJ at [[CHLB-FM|CHEC]], [[CJBZ-FM|CKTA]], and [[CKIZ-FM]] from 1985 to 1992.<ref name="ckiz">{{cite web|title=CKIZ 90.5 FM, Pincher Creek, Alberta|url=http://ckiz.ca/|last=90.5 FM|first=CKIZ|date=2013|publisher=CKIZ 90.5 FM}}</ref> It is claimed that Hitchner was inspired to create Brocket 99 based on another underground tape circulating in 1986 called "AIDS Radio" that was a spoof of a homosexual radio station using stereotypical and bigoted references.<ref name="Ruzek">{{cite web|last=Ruzek|first=Jonathan|title=Brocket 99: still unfortunately notorious|date=13 March 2009 |url=https://lethbianlove.ca/2009/03/12/brocket-99-over-23-years-and-still-notorious/}}</ref> The initial method of distribution from Tim Hitchner has not been documented, although its wider distribution has been described as viral.<ref name="Ruzek"/> The tape has been described as an "international underground phenomenon".<ref name="cgyherald">{{cite news | last = Burroughs | first = Alexandra | title = Is it comedy or racism? Brocket 99 film raises big issues | pages = E4,E7 | publisher = Calgary Herald | date = 2005-07-13}}</ref> |
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Brocket 99 Part 2 was recorded in 1986 but was released in 1989.{{citation needed|date=June 2012}} |
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⚫ | Hitchner died February 12, 2011.<ref>{{cite web|title=HITCHNER – Timothy (Tim) Craig|url=http://www.mhfh.com/hitchner-%E2%80%93-timothy-tim-craig/|last=Hitchner|first=Family|date=2011-02-14|publisher=McInnis & Holloway Funeral Homes}}</ref> On February 12, 2011, a fan site reported the then anonymous actor who played Ernie Scar had died at age 49,<ref>{{cite web | title = ERNIE SCAR - 1961 - 2011 | url = http://brocket99.net/scar.htm | last = Anthony | first = Michael | publisher = brocket99.net | date = 2011-02-26}}</ref> of [[myocardial infarction]] due to [[coronary artery disease]].<ref>{{cite web | title = The Great Beyond | url = http://brocket99news.wordpress.com/2011/02/25/the-great-beyond/ | last = Kang | first = Chul-Su | publisher = brocket99news.wordpress.com | date = 2011-09-25}}</ref> CKIZ's list of past employees on its website currently identifies Hitchner as the voice of Ernie Scar.<ref name=ckiz /> |
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The premise of the tape was a fictitious [[radio station]] broadcasting from [[Brocket, Alberta]], on the [[Northern Peigan]] reserve (a real reservation 70 km west of Lethbridge), hosted by a character named "Ernie Scar". It stereotypes natives as drunken bums, welfare recipients and drug addicts and uses pejorative terms to describe native men as "bucks" and native women as "[[squaw]]s". Songs played on the tape included complete versions of multiple hits by artists such as [[AC/DC]] and [[Dwight Yoakam]], often in a row. Between the songs and the DJ segments are fake ads for real products such as [[Dr. Scholl's]] foot powder and [[Lysol]] spray.{{Citation needed|date=August 2010}} |
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== Documentary film == |
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The tape was created by '''Tim Hitchner''', who worked as a radio DJ at [[CHLB-FM|CHEC]], [[CJBZ-FM|CKTA]], and [[CKIZ-FM]] from 1985 to 1992.<ref name=ckiz>{{cite web | title = CKIZ 90.5 FM, Pincher Creek, Alberta | url = http://ckiz.ca/ | last = 90.5 FM | first = CKIZ | publisher = CKIZ 90.5 FM | date = 2013}}</ref> |
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In 2005, filmmaker [[Nilesh Patel (filmmaker)|Nilesh Patel]] produced and directed a documentary called ''[[Brocket 99 — Rockin' the Country]]'', which examined the ongoing popularity of the tape and the relationship between aboriginal people and others in Canada. |
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{{Blockquote|text=A caricature imitation of the programming of an Amerindian community radio has made all of Canada bogus. It is no longer humor, it is rage. / A gross parody of an Amerindian community radio program brought belly -laughs throughout Canada. It isn't a joke any more, but a kick in the teeth.|author=Nilesh C. Patel|title=|source=}} |
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The film won the Séquences Magazine Prize for best documentary film at the 2006 Montreal First Peoples Festival.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Montreal First Peoples' Festival 2006|url=http://nativelynx.qc.ca/06/en/index.html|website=nativelynx.qc.ca|access-date=2020-05-08}}</ref> |
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In 2004, prior to the release of the documentary, Mark Campbell of [[Global News]] interviewed Nilesh Patel to discuss the creation and subject matter of the documentary. In addition to discussing prevailing Canadian attitudes on race and culture in the context of the documentary, Nilesh Patel also made an unsubstantiated claim during the interview that Mark Campbell was in denial of being the creator of Brocket 99. Contrary to this claim, no evidence has ever been presented implicating any individual other than Tim Hitchner in the creation of or participation in Brocket 99.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Brocket 99 - Rockin' The Country - GlobalTV Interview|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tybCPQZqdOA |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/tybCPQZqdOA |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|website=YouTube.com}}{{cbignore}}</ref> On February 15, 2015, Mark Campbell wrote a blog post confirming again that he was neither the creator of nor a participant in Brocket 99.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Campbell|first=Mark|title=The Odd Phenomenon of Brocket 99|date=15 February 2015 |url=https://greetergrammer1.wordpress.com/2015/02/15/the-odd-phenomenon-of-brocket-99/}}</ref> |
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On February 6, 1989, the ''[[Court of Appeal of Alberta]]'' The crown submitted an appeal for the earlier acquittal of Hitchner by the honorable Mr. Justice Waite of the Court of Queen's Bench of Alberta the 5th Day of April, 1988.<ref>{{cite web|title=R. v. Hitchner, 1989 ABCA 41 |url=https://caselaw.canada.globe24h.com/0/0/alberta/court-of-appeal/1989/02/06/r-v-hitchner-1989-abca-41.shtml |last=Hetherington |first=The Honourable Madam Justice |publisher=Court of Appeal of Alberta |date=1989-02-06 }}{{dead link|date=November 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |
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== In the media == |
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On October 26, 1989, the ''[[Lethbridge Herald]]'' reported that Hitchner was sentenced to 15 months in jail after being found guilty of dangerous driving causing death.<ref>{{cite web | title = City man given 15 months in jail beneath the hood | url = http://newspaperarchive.com/ca/alberta/lethbridge/lethbridge-herald/1989/10-26/ | last = Sullivan | first = Pat | publisher = Lethbridge Herald | date = 1989-10-26}}</ref> |
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In 2022, former Alberta Cabinet Minister [[Jonathan Denis]] and Calgary political operative [[Craig Chandler]] were featured in a video where they parodied Brocket 99, and their actions were deemed racist. The video clips showed them using offensive stereotypes of First Nations. In an interview Chandler said he was pictured in one of the videos and that "Some comedy is not politically correct, but this is a private function of my close friends. The video was taken by a close friend, I thought," he said. Chandler was working on [[Danielle Smith]]'s leadership campaign when the videos came out, and she fired Chandler over it.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dryden |first=Joel |date=2022-09-28 |title=Former Alberta justice minister apologizes for racist videos — if they depict 'real events' |pages=1 |work=CBC |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/calgary/alberta-justice-minister-jonathan-denis-videos-1.6599395 |access-date=2022-12-13}}</ref> Denis said he did not recall being in the videos but blamed his racist actions on previous problems with alcohol. Denis then suggested the videos may be fake. |
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Later Chandler also said the videos were fake. However, [[Hany Farid]], an acknowledged expert in [[deepfake]]s, said, "But the knowledge of how these things are made, how difficult it would be to make them, I think it's extremely unlikely that these are deepfakes."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dryden |first=Joel |date=2022-11-24 |title=A former Alberta justice minister claims videos of him are 'fake.' Not everyone agrees |pages=1 |work=CBC |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/calgary/jonathan-denis-craig-chandler-alberta-hany-farid-deepfakes-1.6660700 |access-date=2022-12-13}}</ref> |
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On October 14, 1995, the ''Herald'' first reported that the creator of Brocket 99 was Hitchner, the play's technical director.<ref>{{cite web | title = Beef denounced in Yates play | url = http://newspaperarchive.com/ca/alberta/lethbridge/lethbridge-herald/1995/10-14/page-24 | last = Sullivan | first = Pat | publisher = Lethbridge Herald | date = 1995-10-14}}</ref> |
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⚫ |
On February 12, 2011, a fan site reported the then anonymous actor who played Ernie Scar had died at age 49,<ref>{{cite web | title = ERNIE SCAR - 1961 - 2011 | url = http://brocket99.net/scar.htm | last = Anthony | first = Michael | publisher = brocket99.net | date = 2011-02-26}}</ref>of |
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On February 14, 2011, McInnis & Holloway Funeral Homes posted the obituary of Hitchner, who died February 12, 2011.<ref>{{cite web | title = HITCHNER – Timothy (Tim) Craig | url = http://www.mhfh.com/hitchner-%E2%80%93-timothy-tim-craig/ | last = Hitchner | first = Family | publisher = McInnis & Holloway Funeral Homes | date = 2011-02-14}}</ref> |
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On April 28, 2012, the ''Lethbridge Herald'' reported the founder of Brocket 99 was Hitchner, who died February 2011.<ref>{{cite web|title=Students Say Brocket 99 Warrants Police Investigation |url=http://www.lethbridgeherald.com/front-page-news/students-say-brocket-99-tape-warrants-police-investigation-42812.html |last=Zentner |first=Caroline |publisher=Lethbridge Herald |date=2012-04-28 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509042819/http://www.lethbridgeherald.com/front-page-news/students-say-brocket-99-tape-warrants-police-investigation-42812.html |archivedate=May 9, 2012 }}</ref> |
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In 2005, filmmaker [[Nilesh Patel (filmmaker)|Nilesh Patel]] produced and directed a documentary called ''[[Brocket 99 — Rockin' the Country]]'', which examined the ongoing popularity of the tape. Prior to the release of the documentary, Global TV interviewed Nilesh Patel in 2004 regarding the documentary and its purpose. In this interview, Nilesh Patel discussed the creation of the documentary and accused Mark Campbell of being the creator of Brocket 99. This was subsequently confirmed to be false due to the revelation of Tim Hitchner as the creator of Brocket 99 in 2011.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tybCPQZqdOA</ref> |
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== See also == |
== See also == |
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== External links == |
== External links == |
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*[http://www.brocket99.net/ Official Brocket 99 website] |
*[http://www.brocket99.net/ Official Brocket 99 website] |
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*2006 documentary film |
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**{{IMDb title|qid=Q17512224}} |
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**''[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=enH6XWxVdfA Brocket 99]'' on [[YouTube]] |
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{{authority control}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Brocket 99}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Brocket 99}} |
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[[Category:First Nations culture]] |
[[Category:First Nations culture]] |
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[[Category:First Nations in Alberta]] |
[[Category:First Nations in Alberta]] |
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[[Category:Piikani Nation]] |
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[[Category:Parodies]] |
[[Category:Parodies]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Race-related controversies in radio]] |
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[[Category:Ethnic jokes]] |
Genre | Parody |
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Running time | 112 minutes |
Country of origin | Canada |
Language(s) | English |
Home station | CHEC |
Syndicates | None |
TV adaptations | None |
Hosted by | Tim Hitchner, others unknown |
Starring | Tim Hitchner |
Announcer | Tim Hitchner, others unknown |
Created by | Tim Hitchner, others unknown |
Written by | Tim Hitchner, others unknown |
Directed by | Tim Hitchner, others unknown |
Produced by | Tim Hitchner, others unknown |
Executive producer(s) | Tim Hitchner |
Edited by | Tim Hitchner, others unknown |
Senior editor(s) | Tim Hitchner, |
Narrated by | Tim Hitchner, others unknown |
Recording studio | 1090 CHEC, Lethbridge & 1570 CKTA, Taber |
Original release | September 1986 – 1989 |
No. of series | 1 |
No. of episodes | 2 |
Audio format | Reel to Reel(Side A) and Cassette Tape(Side B), transferred to Compact Disc |
Website | http://www.brocket99.net/ |
Brocket 99 was a comedy audio tape that parodied aboriginal people in Canada. It has been described as a "phenomenon" by some, and racist by others.[1]
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this articlebyadding citations to reliable sources in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
Find sources: "Brocket 99" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (June 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
The premise of the Brocket 99 tape was that of a fictitious radio station broadcasting from Brocket, Alberta, on the Northern Peigan reserve (a real First Nations reservation 70 km west of Lethbridge, Alberta), hosted by a character named "Ernie Scar" and featuring other participants.
The tape stereotypes Canadian First Nations peoples as habitual users of alcohol, drugs and welfare, engaging in anti-social behavior, and low in intelligence. The content of the tape is a mixture of music, advertisements, news, sports, interviews and local announcements divided into two parts corresponding to the two sides of a cassette tape in common use at the time. Music played on the tape included complete versions from AC/DC, Hank Williams Jr., The Romantics, Paul Revere & the Raiders, John Anderson, Doctor and the Medics and Dwight Yoakam, although AC/DC is the most used artist throughout the tape. Advertisements on the tape were either original creations interspersed with vulgarity, racism, and stereotypical language for real products, such as for Lysol, or taken from legitimately produced radio commercials for companies such as Safeway, Penner's Men's, and Women's Wear in Taber, Alberta and Beaver Lumber. News, sports, interviews, and local announcements on the tape are largely original creations interspersed with factual entities, such as the Seattle Seahawks and Toronto Blue Jays, as well as non-existent entities, such as "Brocket Used Motors" and "Brocket Alcohol & Drug Abuse Hotline" created specifically for the tape. It is unconfirmed though realistically impossible that any of the music or produced or original advertising content for any of the businesses referred to in the tape would have authorized their use during the production of the tape, owing to the stereotypical and racist content used by the tape's creators.
The tape was created in 1986 by Tim Hitchner, a radio DJinLethbridge, Alberta, as a parody and not intended to be marketed.[1][2] Hitchner worked as a radio DJ at CHEC, CKTA, and CKIZ-FM from 1985 to 1992.[3] It is claimed that Hitchner was inspired to create Brocket 99 based on another underground tape circulating in 1986 called "AIDS Radio" that was a spoof of a homosexual radio station using stereotypical and bigoted references.[4] The initial method of distribution from Tim Hitchner has not been documented, although its wider distribution has been described as viral.[4] The tape has been described as an "international underground phenomenon".[1]
Hitchner died February 12, 2011.[5] On February 12, 2011, a fan site reported the then anonymous actor who played Ernie Scar had died at age 49,[6]ofmyocardial infarction due to coronary artery disease.[7] CKIZ's list of past employees on its website currently identifies Hitchner as the voice of Ernie Scar.[3]
In 2005, filmmaker Nilesh Patel produced and directed a documentary called Brocket 99 — Rockin' the Country, which examined the ongoing popularity of the tape and the relationship between aboriginal people and others in Canada.
A caricature imitation of the programming of an Amerindian community radio has made all of Canada bogus. It is no longer humor, it is rage. / A gross parody of an Amerindian community radio program brought belly -laughs throughout Canada. It isn't a joke any more, but a kick in the teeth.
— Nilesh C. Patel
The film won the Séquences Magazine Prize for best documentary film at the 2006 Montreal First Peoples Festival.[8]
In 2004, prior to the release of the documentary, Mark Campbell of Global News interviewed Nilesh Patel to discuss the creation and subject matter of the documentary. In addition to discussing prevailing Canadian attitudes on race and culture in the context of the documentary, Nilesh Patel also made an unsubstantiated claim during the interview that Mark Campbell was in denial of being the creator of Brocket 99. Contrary to this claim, no evidence has ever been presented implicating any individual other than Tim Hitchner in the creation of or participation in Brocket 99.[9] On February 15, 2015, Mark Campbell wrote a blog post confirming again that he was neither the creator of nor a participant in Brocket 99.[10]
In 2022, former Alberta Cabinet Minister Jonathan Denis and Calgary political operative Craig Chandler were featured in a video where they parodied Brocket 99, and their actions were deemed racist. The video clips showed them using offensive stereotypes of First Nations. In an interview Chandler said he was pictured in one of the videos and that "Some comedy is not politically correct, but this is a private function of my close friends. The video was taken by a close friend, I thought," he said. Chandler was working on Danielle Smith's leadership campaign when the videos came out, and she fired Chandler over it.[11] Denis said he did not recall being in the videos but blamed his racist actions on previous problems with alcohol. Denis then suggested the videos may be fake.
Later Chandler also said the videos were fake. However, Hany Farid, an acknowledged expert in deepfakes, said, "But the knowledge of how these things are made, how difficult it would be to make them, I think it's extremely unlikely that these are deepfakes."[12]
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)