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{{Short description|Character in the Marvel Cinematic Universe}} |
{{Short description|Character in the Marvel Cinematic Universe}} |
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{{Redirect|Hulk (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|the 2008 film|The Incredible Hulk (film)}} |
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{{Use American English|date=May 2022}} |
{{Use American English|date=May 2022}} |
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{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2022}} |
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2022}} |
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{{Infobox character |
{{Infobox character |
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| franchise = [[Marvel Cinematic Universe]] |
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| image = Edward Norton and Mark Ruffalo as Bruce Banner Hulk.jpg |
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| alt = |
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| caption |
| caption = Bruce Banner / Hulk as portrayed by Edward Norton (left) in ''The Incredible Hulk'' and portrayed by Mark Ruffalo (right) in ''[[The Avengers (2012 film)|The Avengers]]'' (2012) |
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| first = ''[[The Incredible Hulk (film)|The Incredible Hulk]]'' (2008) |
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| based_on = {{Based on|[[Hulk]]|[[Stan Lee]]|[[Jack Kirby]]}} |
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| adapted_by = [[Zak Penn]] |
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| portrayer = {{Plainlist| |
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| based_on = {{Based on|[[Hulk]]|[[Stan Lee]]|[[Jack Kirby]]}} |
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* [[Edward Norton]] (2008) |
* [[Edward Norton]] (2008) |
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* [[Mark Ruffalo]] (2012–present)}} |
* [[Mark Ruffalo]] (2012–present) |
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}} |
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| voice |
| voice = Mark Ruffalo (''[[What If...? (TV series)|What If...?]]'') |
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* Mark Ruffalo (''[[What If...? (TV series)|What If...?]]''.)}} |
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* Hulk |
* Hulk |
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* Mr. Green |
* Mr. Green |
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* Smart Hulk |
* Smart Hulk |
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* Smug Hulk}} |
* Smug Hulk |
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}} |
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| title |
| title = Champion of [[Sakaar (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Sakaar]] |
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* [[Doctor (title)|Doctor]] |
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* Champion of [[Sakaar (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Sakaar]]}} |
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| occupation = {{Plainlist| |
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* [[Avengers (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Avenger]] |
* [[Avengers (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Avenger]] |
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* [[Gladiator]] |
* [[Gladiator]] |
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* [[Nuclear physicist]] |
* [[Nuclear physicist]] |
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* [[Professor]] |
* [[Professor]] |
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* Consultant for [[S.H.I.E.L.D. (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|S.H.I.E.L.D.]]}} |
* Consultant for [[S.H.I.E.L.D. (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|S.H.I.E.L.D.]] |
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}} |
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| affiliation = {{Plainlist| |
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* [[Hulkbuster armor (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Hulkbuster armor]] |
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* [[Features of the Marvel Cinematic Universe#Nano Gauntlet|Nano Gauntlet]]}} |
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| affiliation = {{Plainlist| |
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* Avengers |
* Avengers |
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* Culver University |
* Culver University |
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* [[Revengers (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Revengers]] |
* [[Revengers (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Revengers]] |
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* S.H.I.E.L.D.}} |
* S.H.I.E.L.D. |
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}} |
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| family |
| family = {{Plainlist| |
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* [[Jennifer Walters (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Jennifer Walters]] (cousin) |
* [[Jennifer Walters (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Jennifer Walters]] (cousin) |
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* Elaine Walters (aunt) |
* Elaine Walters (aunt) |
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* Morris Walters (uncle)}} |
* Morris Walters (uncle) |
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}} |
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| significant_other = {{Plainlist| |
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* [[Betty Ross (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Betty Ross]]{{efn|As depicted in ''The Incredible Hulk''.}} |
* [[Betty Ross (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Betty Ross]]{{efn|As depicted in ''The Incredible Hulk''.}} |
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* [[Natasha Romanoff (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Natasha Romanoff]]{{efn|As depicted in ''[[Avengers: Age of Ultron]]'' (2015).}} |
* [[Natasha Romanoff (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Natasha Romanoff]]{{efn|As depicted in ''[[Avengers: Age of Ultron]]'' (2015).}} |
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* Unnamed woman (mother of Skaar){{efn|name=Family|As depicted in [[She-Hulk: Attorney at Law#ep9|''She-Hulk: Attorney at Law'' – "Whose Show Is This?"]] (2022). |
* Unnamed woman (mother of Skaar){{efn|name=Family|As depicted in [[She-Hulk: Attorney at Law#ep9|''She-Hulk: Attorney at Law'' – "Whose Show Is This?"]] (2022).}} |
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| children = [[Skaar (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Skaar]] (son){{efn|name=Family}} |
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}} |
}} |
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⚫ | | children = [[Skaar (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Skaar]]{{efn|name=Family}} |
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⚫ | '''Bruce Banner''' is a fictional character in the [[Marvel Cinematic Universe]] (MCU) [[media franchise]] originally portrayed by [[Edward Norton]] and subsequently by [[Mark Ruffalo]]—based on the [[Marvel Comics]] character [[Hulk|of the same name]]—known commonly by his [[alter ego]], the '''Hulk'''. Banner is depicted as a [[genius]] [[physicist]] who after a failed experiment to replicate a [[Steve Rogers (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|super soldier]] program using [[gamma radiation]], transforms into a large, muscular creature with green skin whenever his [[heart rate]] goes above 200 beats per minute or when facing mortal danger. As the Hulk, he possesses [[superhuman]] abilities, including increased strength and durability. |
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}} |
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⚫ | '''Bruce Banner''' is a fictional character in the [[Marvel Cinematic Universe]] (MCU) [[media franchise]] originally portrayed by [[Edward Norton]] and subsequently by [[Mark Ruffalo]]—based on the [[Marvel Comics]] character [[Hulk|of the same name]]—known commonly by his [[alter ego]], the '''Hulk'''. Banner is depicted as a [[genius]] [[physicist]] who, after a failed experiment to replicate a [[Steve Rogers (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|super soldier]] program using [[gamma radiation]], transforms into a large, muscular creature with green skin whenever his [[heart rate]] goes above 200 beats per minute or when facing mortal danger. As the Hulk, he possesses [[superhuman]] abilities, including increased strength and durability. |
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Over time, Banner demonstrates an increasing ability to control the transformation |
Over time, Banner demonstrates an increasing ability to control the transformation and becomes a founding member of the [[Avengers (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Avengers]]. Following the conflict with [[Ultron (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Ultron]], Banner is unintentionally transported to [[Sakaar (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Sakaar]], where he remains the Hulk for several years until eventually returning to Earth during the conflict against [[Thanos (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Thanos]]. In the years following [[the Blip]], Banner learns to retain the Hulk form with his mind still intact, and he is instrumental in the Avengers' mission using [[time travel]] to obtain the [[Infinity Stones]] from the past to undo Thanos' actions. Banner restores trillions of lives across the universe using the Stones in a specially-made [[Features of the Marvel Cinematic Universe#Nano Gauntlet|gauntlet]]. Banner then participates in the final and victorious battle against Thanos. After his cousin [[Jennifer Walters (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Jennifer Walters]] is accidentally imbued with his blood, Banner trains her to handle her newfound "She-Hulk" transformation before departing again to Sakaar. He returns months later with his son, [[Skaar (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Skaar]]. |
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Banner is a central MCU character, having appeared in nine MCU films as of 2023. The character was introduced in the titular film ''[[The Incredible Hulk (film)|The Incredible Hulk]]'' (2008), portrayed |
Banner is a central MCU character, having appeared in nine MCU films as of 2023, as well as the [[Disney+]] streaming series ''[[She-Hulk: Attorney at Law]]''. The character was introduced in the titular film ''[[The Incredible Hulk (film)|The Incredible Hulk]]'' (2008), portrayed by Edward Norton before being recast to Mark Ruffalo. The character has been generally well-received by critics and audiences alike, but his inconsistent characterization has received some criticism. Additionally, Ruffalo voices several [[#Alternate versions|alternate versions]] of Banner in the animated series ''[[What If...? (TV series)|What If...?]]'' |
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== Fictional character biography == |
== Fictional character biography == |
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=== Sakaar and Ragnarok === |
=== Sakaar and Ragnarok === |
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{{ |
{{Further|Thor: Ragnarok}} |
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After Hulk is lost in space, the Quinjet crash lands on the landfill planet [[Sakaar (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Sakaar]]. He is taken in by the [[Grandmaster (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Grandmaster]] of Sakaar, who forces him to fight against other contestants in gladiatorial combat. He rises the ranks, remaining undefeated and winning the admiration of the people of Sakaar, and becoming the Grandmaster's "Champion". |
After Hulk is lost in space, the Quinjet crash lands on the landfill planet [[Sakaar (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Sakaar]]. He is taken in by the [[Grandmaster (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Grandmaster]] of Sakaar, who forces him to fight against other contestants in gladiatorial combat. He rises the ranks, remaining undefeated and winning the admiration of the people of Sakaar, and becoming the Grandmaster's "Champion". |
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In 2017, Thor |
In 2017, Hulk fights the next contestant, Thor, who had crashedonthe planet and had been captured by [[Valkyrie (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Valkyrie]]. Summoning lightning, Thor gains the upper hand on Hulk, but the Grandmaster sabotages the fight to ensure Hulk's victory. Still enslaved, Thor attempts to convince Hulk to help him save [[Asgard (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Asgard]] from Ragnarok, and then escapes the palace to find the crashed remains of the Quinjet. Hulk follows Thor to the Quinjet, where a recording of Romanoff makes him transform back into Banner for the first time in two years. Banner is shocked to learn that he is in space and expresses fear that if he becomes the Hulk again, he will never be able to return to his human form. Banner and Thor work with Valkyrie and Loki to escape Sakaar to Asgard, where Banner becomes Hulk again to save refugee Asgardians from the giant wolf, [[Features of the Marvel Cinematic Universe#Fenris|Fenris]]. As Asgard is destroyed by [[Surtur (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Surtur]], the Hulk accompanies Thor, Valkyrie, Loki, and the Asgardians on the ''[[Statesman (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Statesman]]'', a Sakaaran vessel bound for Earth. |
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=== Infinity War === |
=== Infinity War === |
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{{further|Avengers: Infinity War}} |
{{further|Avengers: Infinity War}} |
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In 2018, [[Thanos (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Thanos]] and the [[Children of Thanos (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Children of Thanos]] intercept the ''Statesman'' to extract the [[Space Stone]] from the Tesseract. Hulk fights Thanos, but is overpowered. [[Heimdall (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Heimdall]] uses the [[Bifrost (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Bifröst Bridge]] to send Hulk straight to Earth, and Hulk crash-lands at the [[New York Sanctum]] of [[Stephen Strange (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Stephen Strange]] and [[Wong (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Wong]] in New York City, reverting to Banner. Banner then warns Strange about Thanos, who contacts Stark. When [[Ebony Maw (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Ebony Maw]] and [[Cull Obsidian]] arrive in New York in pursuit of the Time Stone, Banner tries to become the Hulk, but is unable to do so. He goes to the Avengers Compound for the first time reuniting with [[James Rhodes (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|James Rhodes]] and later with Rogers, Romanoff, [[Sam Wilson (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Sam Wilson]], Maximoff, and Vision. He joins the team to [[Wakanda (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Wakanda]], where he uses Stark's [[Hulkbuster armor (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Hulkbuster armor]] to battle the [[Outriders (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Outriders]] and manages to get the upper hand on Obsidian. He is pleased when Thor, [[Rocket (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Rocket]], and [[Groot (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Groot]] arrive to help. In the forest, he witnesses Thanos's arrival, and is promptly trapped in rocks by Thanos and unable to fight back. After Thanos activates the Infinity Gauntlet and teleports away, Banner is a survivor of [[the Blip]]. |
In 2018, [[Thanos (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Thanos]] and the [[Children of Thanos (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Children of Thanos]] intercept the ''Statesman'' to extract the [[Space Stone]] from the Tesseract. Hulk fights Thanos, but is overpowered. [[Heimdall (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Heimdall]] uses the [[Bifrost (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Bifröst Bridge]] to send Hulk straight to Earth, and Hulk crash-lands at the [[New York Sanctum]] of [[Stephen Strange (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Stephen Strange]] and [[Wong (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Wong]] in New York City, reverting to Banner. Banner then warns Strange about Thanos, who contacts Stark. When [[Ebony Maw (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Ebony Maw]] and [[Cull Obsidian]] arrive in New York in pursuit of the Time Stone, Banner tries to become the Hulk, but is unable to do so; Hulk is no longer willing to emerge out of fear. He goes to the Avengers Compound for the first time reuniting with [[James Rhodes (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|James Rhodes]] and later with Rogers, Romanoff, [[Sam Wilson (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Sam Wilson]], Maximoff, and Vision. He joins the team to [[Wakanda (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Wakanda]] on their Quinjet, where he uses Stark's [[Hulkbuster armor (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Hulkbuster armor]] to battle the [[Outriders (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Outriders]] and manages to get the upper hand on Obsidian. He is pleased when Thor, [[Rocket (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Rocket Raccoon]], and [[Groot (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Groot]] arrive to help. In the forest, he witnesses Thanos's arrival, and is promptly trapped in rocks by Thanos and unable to fight back. After Thanos activates the Infinity Gauntlet and teleports away, Banner is a survivor of [[the Blip]]. |
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Banner, the surviving Avengers, and Rocket return to the |
Banner, the surviving Avengers, and Rocket return to the Compound and are shortly met by [[Carol Danvers (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Carol Danvers]].{{efn|As depicted in the [[mid-credit scene]] of ''[[Captain Marvel (film)|Captain Marvel]]'' (2019).}} Afterwards, Banner, Rogers, Romanoff, Rhodes, Rocket, and Potts witnesses Danvers returning Stark and [[Nebula (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Nebula]] back to the Compound. Banner reunites with him, helping him get sedated and rest. He then accompanies the surviving Avengers, Danvers, Rocket, and Nebula back into space to the planet [[Features of the Marvel Cinematic Universe#Garden|Titan II]] to confront Thanos only to find out he destroyed the Infinity Stones.{{efn|group=N|As depicted in ''[[Avengers: Endgame]]'' (2019).}} |
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=== Smart Hulk form === |
=== Smart Hulk form === |
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{{Further|Avengers: Endgame}} |
{{Further|Avengers: Endgame}} |
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[[File:Mark Ruffalo as "Professor Hulk".jpeg|thumb|right|200px|Bruce Banner / Hulk, colloquially dubbed "Smart Hulk" or "Professor Hulk", as portrayed by Mark Ruffalo via [[motion capture]] in ''Avengers: Endgame'']] |
[[File:Mark Ruffalo as "Professor Hulk".jpeg|thumb|right|200px|Bruce Banner / Hulk, colloquially dubbed "Smart Hulk" or "Professor Hulk", as portrayed by Mark Ruffalo via [[motion capture]] in ''Avengers: Endgame'']] |
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In between 2018 and 2023, Banner undergoes gamma experimentation to balance his two sides in a remote beach house lab located in Mexico built by Stark. By 2023, he is now permanently in the body of the Hulk but with the mind and voice of Banner.<ref>{{Cite web| |
In between 2018 and 2023, Banner undergoes gamma experimentation to balance his two sides in a remote beach house lab located in Mexico built by Stark.{{efn|As mentioned in the first episode, [[A Normal Amount of Rage]], of ''[[She-Hulk: Attorney at Law]]'' (2022)}} By 2023, he is now permanently in the body of the Hulk but with the mind and voice of Banner.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Knight |first=Rosie |date=April 25, 2019 |title=What's Up with Banner and Hulk in Avengers: Endgame? |url=https://nerdist.com/article/avengers-endgame-hulk-banner-comics/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190426033959/https://nerdist.com/article/avengers-endgame-hulk-banner-comics/ |archive-date=April 26, 2019 |access-date=April 26, 2019 |website=[[Nerdist]]}}</ref> He meets Rogers, Romanoff, and [[Scott Lang (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Scott Lang]] at a diner and agrees to help them with their quantum time-travel plan. At the Avengers Compound, they try to time-travel Lang using the quantum tunnel in Lang's borrowed van but are unsuccessful. After Stark arrives and offers his help, Banner and Rocket travel to [[Norway]] in the ''Benatar'' to New Asgard. Banner reunites with Valkyrie and meets [[Korg]] and [[Miek]] at Thor's hut, while recruiting a depressed drunken Thor to return to help the Avengers. Back at the Compound, the Avengers formulate a plan to retrieve alternate Infinity Stones. Banner, Rogers, Stark, and Lang time-travel via the [[Quantum Realm]] to an alternate 2012 in New York City. There Banner gets the Time Stone from [[Ancient One (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|an alternate variant of the Ancient One]] (to whom he promises to return the Stones to their respective periods in time when the Avengers are done with their mission). |
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Banner then returns to the |
Banner then returns to the main timeline, but is devastated to learn of Romanoff's death, who had to sacrifice herself to retrieve the Soul Stone. After mourning her with the original Avengers, Banner, Stark, and Rocket combine the Stones with the Nano- Gauntlet. Banner then volunteers to activate the Infinity Stones, citing his general strength and his specific resistance to gamma radiation. He does so and reverses [[the Blip]], though his right arm gets seriously injured in the process. After doing so, an alternate version of Thanos emerges from the quantum realm and bombs the Compound, causing Banner, Rocket, and Rhodes to be trapped in rubble, until they are saved by Lang. He then takes part in the [[Battle of Earth (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|final battle against alternate Thanos and his alien army]], who are eventually defeated when Stark uses the Infinity Stones, at the cost of his own life. A week later, Banner attends Stark's funeral, and then prepares a new quantum portal so that Rogers can return the alternate Infinity Stones and [[Mjolnir and Stormbreaker (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Mjolnir]]. He, [[Bucky Barnes (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Bucky Barnes]], and Wilson witness an elderly Rogers return and give a new version of the shield to Wilson. |
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==== Meeting Shang-Chi ==== |
==== Meeting Shang-Chi ==== |
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{{Further|Shang-Chi and the Legend of the Ten Rings}} |
{{Further|Shang-Chi and the Legend of the Ten Rings}} |
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By 2024, Banner creates a device to heal his arm, keeping him in human form,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Why Is Bruce Banner No Longer Hulk In Shang-Chi (Endgame Retcon)? |url=https://screenrant.com/shang-chi-bruce-banner-hulk-change-human-endgame-retcon/ | |
By 2024, Banner creates a device to heal his arm, keeping him in human form,<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 11, 2021 |title=Why Is Bruce Banner No Longer Hulk In Shang-Chi (Endgame Retcon)? |url=https://screenrant.com/shang-chi-bruce-banner-hulk-change-human-endgame-retcon/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912214608/https://screenrant.com/shang-chi-bruce-banner-hulk-change-human-endgame-retcon/ |archive-date=September 12, 2021 |access-date=September 13, 2021 |website=[[Screen Rant]]}}</ref>{{better source needed|reason=She-Hulk ref for the device|date=August 2022}} and wears a [[Sling (medicine)|sling]] due to the injury he sustained while reversing the Blip, though the scarring has healed. That year, Banner, along with Danvers, is called by Wong via hologram to speak with [[Shang-Chi (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Shang-Chi]] about the [[Ten Rings (object)|ten rings]] that belonged to his [[Wenwu (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|father]]. |
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==== Training Jennifer Walters and Meeting His Son ==== |
==== Training Jennifer Walters and Meeting His Son ==== |
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{{See also|She-Hulk: Attorney at Law}} |
{{See also|She-Hulk: Attorney at Law}} |
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{{Further|A Normal Amount of Rage|Superhuman Law|Whose Show Is This?}} |
{{Further|A Normal Amount of Rage|Superhuman Law|Whose Show Is This?}} |
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Banner and his cousin, lawyer [[Jennifer Walters (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Jennifer Walters]], go on a road trip in [[California]] but are intercepted by a Sakaaran eight-courier craft ship, causing Walters to crash the car. Banner bleeds, and his blood is accidentally cross-contamined with Walters', resulting in Walters transforming into a Hulk and running away; Banner eventually retrieves her and uses the lethal gamma dose she took to completely heal his arm. In Mexico, Banner trains Walters on controlling her Hulk form, however she rejects the idea of being a superhero and wants to return to her legal career. The pair get into a fight and Banner eventually accepts Walters wanting to leave and bids her farewell. |
Banner and his cousin, lawyer [[Jennifer Walters (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Jennifer Walters]], go on a road trip in [[California]] but are intercepted by a Sakaaran eight-courier craft ship, causing Walters to crash the car. Banner bleeds, and his blood is accidentally cross-contamined with Walters', resulting in Walters transforming into a Hulk and running away; Banner eventually retrieves her and uses the lethal gamma dose she took to completely heal his arm. In Mexico, Banner trains Walters on controlling her Hulk form, however she rejects the idea of being a superhero and wants to return to her legal career. The pair get into a fight and Banner eventually accepts Walters wanting to leave and bids her farewell. |
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In 2025, Banner takes off in the Sakaaran spaceship to investigate the message from the car crash and return to Sakaar; while there, he receives a call from Walters and encourages her to take on the case of representing Blonsky, as they have made amends. Banner also indicates approval of Walters' new superhero name "She-Hulk", given to her by the media, saying that "She-Hulk, attorney-at-law" has a nice ring to it. |
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Later, Banner returns to Earth with his son, [[Skaar (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Skaar]]. They crash a family gathering in [[Los Angeles]] where he introduces Skaar to Walters, her parents, their cousin, aunts and uncles, and [[Matt Murdock (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Matt Murdock]]. |
Later, Banner returns to Earth with his son, [[Skaar (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Skaar]]. They crash a family gathering in [[Los Angeles]] where he introduces Skaar to Walters, her parents, their cousin, aunts and uncles, and [[Matt Murdock (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Matt Murdock]]. |
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== Concept and creation == |
== Concept and creation == |
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The Hulk first appeared as a comic book character in ''The Incredible Hulk'' #1 ([[cover date]]d May 1962), written by [[Stan Lee]], [[penciller|penciled]] and co-plotted by [[Jack Kirby]],<ref>{{ |
The Hulk first appeared as a comic book character in ''The Incredible Hulk'' #1 ([[cover date]]d May 1962), written by [[Stan Lee]], [[penciller|penciled]] and co-plotted by [[Jack Kirby]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=DeFalco |first=Tom |author-link=Tom DeFalco |title=Marvel Chronicle A Year by Year History |last2=Gilbert |first2=Laura |date=2008 |publisher=[[Dorling Kindersley]] |isbn=978-0-7566-4123-8 |location=London, United Kingdom |page=85 |chapter=1960s}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Cooper |first=Quentin |date=May 11, 2012 |title=Hulk makes a monster out of gamma rays |url=http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20120509-radiation-rage |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161013022820/http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20120509-radiation-rage |archive-date=October 13, 2016 |access-date=September 22, 2016 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> and [[inker|inked]] by [[Paul Reinman]]. Lee cited influence from ''[[Frankenstein]]''<ref name="OyVey">{{Cite book |last=Weinstein |first=Simcha |title=Up, Up, and Oy Vey! |date=2006 |publisher=Leviathan Press |isbn=978-1-881927-32-7 |location=Baltimore, Maryland |pages=82–97}}</ref> and ''[[Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde|Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde]]'' in the Hulk's creation,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lee |first=Stan |author-link=Stan Lee |title=[[Origins of Marvel Comics]] |date=1974 |publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]]/[[Marvel Fireside Books]] |isbn=978-0-671-21863-8 |location=New York, New York |page=75}}</ref> while Kirby recalled as inspiration the tale of a mother who rescues her child who is trapped beneath a car.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hill |first=Dave |date=July 17, 2003 |title=Green with anger |url=http://film.guardian.co.uk/features/featurepages/0,,999977,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130505014926/http://film.guardian.co.uk/features/featurepages/0,,999977,00.html |archive-date=May 5, 2013 |website=[[The Guardian]] |location=London}}</ref> Lee gave the Hulk's alter ego the alliterative name "Bruce Banner" because he found he had less difficulty remembering alliterative names.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Boatz |first=Darrel L. |date=December 1988 |title=Stan Lee |work=[[Comics Interview]] |publisher=[[Fictioneer Books]] |page=15 |issue=64}}</ref> The Hulk was initially grey, but coloring problems led to the creature being made green.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Murray |first=Will |author-link=Will Murray |date=July 2003 |title=The Historic Hulk |url=https://archive.org/stream/starlog_magazine-312JPG/312#page/n72/mode/1up |journal=[[Starlog]] |issue=312 |page=73}}</ref> Banner and his alter ego appeared in a [[The Incredible Hulk (1978 TV series)|1978 live-action TV series]], and in a [[Hulk (film)|2003 film]] that received mixed reviews,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hulk (2003) |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/hulk/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100421112202/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/hulk/ |archive-date=April 21, 2010 |access-date=April 27, 2010 |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |publisher=[[Fandango Media]]}}</ref> with Marvel Studios regaining the film production rights for the character in February 2006.<ref name="HulkRightsFeb2006" /> |
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In the mid-2000s, [[Kevin Feige]] realized that Marvel still owned the rights to the core members of the [[Avengers (comics)|Avengers]], which now included Hulk. Feige, a self-professed "fanboy", envisioned creating a shared universe just as creators [[Stan Lee]] and [[Jack Kirby]] had done with their comic books in the early 1960s.<ref name="BostonApril2012">{{ |
In the mid-2000s, [[Kevin Feige]] realized that Marvel still owned the rights to the core members of the [[Avengers (comics)|Avengers]], which now included Hulk. Feige, a self-professed "fanboy", envisioned creating a shared universe just as creators [[Stan Lee]] and [[Jack Kirby]] had done with their comic books in the early 1960s.<ref name="BostonApril2012">{{Cite news |last=Russo |first=Tom |date=April 25, 2012 |title=Super Group |url=http://archive.boston.com/ae/movies/articles/2012/04/29/the_avengers_collects_all_your_favorite_marvel_characters_in_one_handy_wannabe_blockbustersuper_groupthe_avengers_assembles_all_your_favorite_marvel_characters_in_one_handy_wannabe_blockbuster/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20131105120326/http://www.boston.com/ae/movies/articles/2012/04/29/the_avengers_collects_all_your_favorite_marvel_characters_in_one_handy_wannabe_blockbustersuper_groupthe_avengers_assembles_all_your_favorite_marvel_characters_in_one_handy_wannabe_blockbuster/ |archive-date=November 5, 2013 |work=[[Boston.com]]}}</ref> [[Louis Leterrier]], who had expressed interest in directing ''[[Iron Man (2008 film)|Iron Man]]'', was brought on board to direct, with a screenplay by [[Zak Penn]] intended to serve as a [[Sequel#Standalone sequel|loose sequel]] to the 2003 film, but keeping the story closer to the comics and the 1978 television series.<ref name="PennNorton" /> [[David Duchovny]] was a front-runner for the film,<ref name="StocksSoar" /> and Leterrier's original choice for the role was [[Mark Ruffalo]].<ref name="HuffPost" /> In April 2007, [[Edward Norton]] was hired to portray Banner and to rewrite Penn's screenplay in order to distance itself from the 2003 film and establish its own identity as a [[Reboot (fiction)|reboot]], although he would go uncredited for his writing. Producer [[Gale Anne Hurd]] recalled Norton's portrayals of duality in ''[[Primal Fear (film)|Primal Fear]]'' and ''[[Fight Club]]'',<ref name="NYCC2008Int" /> while Norton reminded [[Kevin Feige]] of [[Bill Bixby]], who had played Banner in the 1978 TV series.<ref name="NortonBixby" /> [[Lou Ferrigno]], who played the Hulk with Bixby, remarked Norton "has a similar physique [and a] similar personality".<ref name="LouCameo" /> Norton was a ''Hulk'' fan, citing the first comic appearances, the Bixby TV show, and Bruce Jones' run on the comic, as his favorite depictions of the character.<ref name="SDCC2007Panel" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Parker |first=Ryan |date=2021-06-19 |title=Lou Ferrigno Takes (Not So Subtle) Shot at MCU |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/lou-ferrigno-hulk-takes-shot-marvel-cinematic-universe-1234970743/ |access-date=2023-03-19 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |language=en-US}}</ref> He had expressed interest in the role for the first film.<ref name="PennNorton" /> He initially turned down the part, recalling "there [was] the wince factor or the defensive part of you that recoils at what the bad version of what that would be", as he felt the previous film "strayed far afield from a story that was familiar to people, [...] which is a fugitive story". When he met Leterrier and Marvel, he liked their vision, and believed they were looking to him to guide the project.<ref name="NortonTotalFilm" /> During the 2008 [[New York Comic Con]] Leterrier publicly offered Ferrigno the chance to voice the Hulk for the film.<ref name="DarkHorizonsEditBay" /> Originally, the Hulk's only line was "Betty" at the film's ending, which would have been his first word. Leterrier was aware that fans wanted him to speak normally, and added "leave me alone" and "Hulk smash!" The latter line received cheers during a screening he attended.<ref name="IGNDirectorSpeaks" /> |
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[[File:Mark Ruffalo in 2017 by Gage Skidmore.jpg|thumb|right|Current portrayer |
[[File:Mark Ruffalo in 2017 by Gage Skidmore.jpg|thumb|right|Current portrayer |
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Mark Ruffalo at the 2017 [[San Diego Comic-Con]], promoting ''[[Thor: Ragnarok]]''.]] |
Mark Ruffalo at the 2017 [[San Diego Comic-Con]], promoting ''[[Thor: Ragnarok]]''.]] |
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[[Mark Ruffalo]] began his role as Banner / Hulk in ''The Avengers'', after Feige said he chose not to bring back Norton.<ref name="NortonReplaced" /><ref name="DeadlineRuffalo" /> Norton has since asserted that it was his own decision never to play Hulk again because he "wanted more diversity" with his career, and did not want to be associated with only one character.<ref name="NortonTHR">{{ |
[[Mark Ruffalo]] began his role as Banner / Hulk in ''The Avengers'', after Feige said he chose not to bring back Norton.<ref name="NortonReplaced" /><ref name="DeadlineRuffalo" /> Norton has since asserted that it was his own decision never to play Hulk again because he "wanted more diversity" with his career, and did not want to be associated with only one character.<ref name="NortonTHR">{{Cite web |last=Gajewski |first=Ryan |date=October 23, 2014 |title=Edward Norton Offers New Explanation for Not Playing Hulk in 'Avengers' Films |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/edward-norton-talks-avengers-he-743265/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141023155556/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/edward-norton-talks-avengers-he-743265 |archive-date=October 23, 2014 |access-date=May 30, 2022 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> ''[[Screen Rant]]'' has noted that, in part due to the change in actors, "many forget that ''Incredible Hulk'' is even canon within the MCU".<ref name="ScreenRantHulkArc" /> In April 2012, despite Ruffalo being on board to play the Hulk in the sequel, Feige confirmed to [[Collider (website)|Collider]] that Marvel had no plans at that time to film another Hulk film.<ref name="April2012NoSequel" /> In a Q&A session, Feige and Ruffalo confirmed that discussions were underway to produce another Hulk film due to the positive audience response to Ruffalo's performance in ''The Avengers''.<ref name="SequelPossible" /> However, Universal retained the distribution rights for ''The Incredible Hulk'' as well as the [[right of first refusal]] to distribute future Hulk films.<ref name="HulkRights" /> In September 2012, Feige, while exploring all possible story options for a sequel film, including a film based on the "[[Planet Hulk]]" and "[[World War Hulk]]" storylines, stated, "everything [in terms of stories from the comics] is on the table. Do I think Hulk can carry a movie and be as entertaining as he was in ''Avengers''? I do believe that. I do believe he absolutely could. We certainly are not even going to attempt that until ''Avengers 2''. So there's a lot of time to think about it".<ref name="Sep2012Sequel" /> |
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In June 2014, Ruffalo said he believed the studio might be considering doing a new standalone Hulk film, saying, "I think they are, for the first time, entertaining the idea of it. When we did ''The Avengers'' it was basically 'No!', and now there is some consideration for it. But there's still nothing definitive, not even a skeletal version of what it would be".<ref name="RuffaloSequelJune2014" /> In July, Feige stated that the studio was not considering a "Planet Hulk" film at that time, due to wanting to feature Ruffalo's Banner in the film. However, he did not rule out a story that saw the Hulk and Banner end up in space and explained why a solo Hulk film did not occur in [[Marvel Cinematic Universe: Phase Two|Phase Two]] of the MCU by saying, "After the first ''Avengers'', Iron Man had his own movie, Thor had his own movie, Captain America had his own movie, and Widow and Fury were in ''[[Captain America: The Winter Soldier|The Winter Soldier]]''. So it was really about, frankly, ''saving'' somebody so that the only place you could get Hulk between ''Avengers'' movies is the ''next'' ''Avengers'' movie, so [director Joss Whedon] could continue to play with that in [''Avengers: Age of Ultron'']. Where we go after that, we'll see".<ref name="FeigeIGNJuly2014" /> |
In June 2014, Ruffalo said he believed the studio might be considering doing a new standalone Hulk film, saying, "I think they are, for the first time, entertaining the idea of it. When we did ''The Avengers'' it was basically 'No!', and now there is some consideration for it. But there's still nothing definitive, not even a skeletal version of what it would be".<ref name="RuffaloSequelJune2014" /> In July, Feige stated that the studio was not considering a "Planet Hulk" film at that time, due to wanting to feature Ruffalo's Banner in the film. However, he did not rule out a story that saw the Hulk and Banner end up in space and explained why a solo Hulk film did not occur in [[Marvel Cinematic Universe: Phase Two|Phase Two]] of the MCU by saying, "After the first ''Avengers'', Iron Man had his own movie, Thor had his own movie, Captain America had his own movie, and Widow and Fury were in ''[[Captain America: The Winter Soldier|The Winter Soldier]]''. So it was really about, frankly, ''saving'' somebody so that the only place you could get Hulk between ''Avengers'' movies is the ''next'' ''Avengers'' movie, so [director Joss Whedon] could continue to play with that in [''Avengers: Age of Ultron'']. Where we go after that, we'll see".<ref name="FeigeIGNJuly2014" /> |
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In April 2015, Ruffalo noted that Universal holding the distribution rights to Hulk films may be an obstacle to releasing a future Hulk standalone film<ref name="RuffaloApril2015" /> and reiterated this in October 2015,<ref name="RuffaloUSAToday" /> and July 2017.<ref name="RuffaloJuly2017" /> According to ''The Hollywood Reporter'', a potential reason why Marvel has not reacquired the film distribution rights to the Hulk as they did with [[Paramount Pictures]] for the Iron Man, Thor, and Captain America films is that Universal holds the [[Universal Parks & Resorts|theme park]] rights to several Marvel characters that Marvel's parent company, [[The Walt Disney Company|Disney]], wants for its own [[Walt Disney Parks and Resorts|theme parks]].<ref name="THRJulyl2015" /> In December 2015, Ruffalo stated that the strained relationship between Marvel and Universal may be another obstacle to releasing a future standalone Hulk film.<ref name="RuffaloYahooDec2015" /> The following month, he indicated that the lack of a standalone Hulk film allowed the character to play a more prominent role in ''[[Thor: Ragnarok]]'', ''[[Avengers: Infinity War]]'', and ''[[Avengers: Endgame]]'', stating, "We've worked a really interesting arc into ''Thor[: Ragnarok]'', ''Avengers[: Infinity War]'', and [''Avengers: Endgame''] for Banner that I think will—when it's all added up—will feel like a Hulk movie, a standalone movie".<ref name="RuffaloYahooJan2016" /> |
In April 2015, Ruffalo noted that Universal holding the distribution rights to Hulk films may be an obstacle to releasing a future Hulk standalone film<ref name="RuffaloApril2015" /> and reiterated this in October 2015,<ref name="RuffaloUSAToday" /> and July 2017.<ref name="RuffaloJuly2017" /> According to ''The Hollywood Reporter'', a potential reason why Marvel has not reacquired the film distribution rights to the Hulk as they did with [[Paramount Pictures]] for the Iron Man, Thor, and Captain America films is that Universal holds the [[Universal Parks & Resorts|theme park]] rights to several Marvel characters that Marvel's parent company, [[The Walt Disney Company|Disney]], wants for its own [[Walt Disney Parks and Resorts|theme parks]].<ref name="THRJulyl2015" /> In December 2015, Ruffalo stated that the strained relationship between Marvel and Universal may be another obstacle to releasing a future standalone Hulk film.<ref name="RuffaloYahooDec2015" /> The following month, he indicated that the lack of a standalone Hulk film allowed the character to play a more prominent role in ''[[Thor: Ragnarok]]'', ''[[Avengers: Infinity War]]'', and ''[[Avengers: Endgame]]'', stating, "We've worked a really interesting arc into ''Thor[: Ragnarok]'', ''Avengers[: Infinity War]'', and [''Avengers: Endgame''] for Banner that I think will—when it's all added up—will feel like a Hulk movie, a standalone movie".<ref name="RuffaloYahooJan2016" /> |
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Charles Pulliam-Moore, writing for ''[[Gizmodo]]'', said of the earlier MCU films that "[w]hile there are a number of storylines from Marvel's comics that delve deeper into the duality of Banner/Hulk's identity... Marvel's movies have forgone those plot lines in favor of trotting Bruce out to babble about science and break things when necessary".<ref name="Gizmodo" /> One specific difference from the comic books is Banner's involvement in the creation of [[Ultron (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Ultron]] and the [[Vision (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Vision]], a character who in the comics was created solely by Ultron. The Vision, in the films, is created as a counter to Ultron, who had previously been created by Stark and Bruce Banner. In the comics, however, Ultron is created by a different member of the Avengers, Hank Pym.<ref>{{ |
Charles Pulliam-Moore, writing for ''[[Gizmodo]]'', said of the earlier MCU films that "[w]hile there are a number of storylines from Marvel's comics that delve deeper into the duality of Banner/Hulk's identity... Marvel's movies have forgone those plot lines in favor of trotting Bruce out to babble about science and break things when necessary".<ref name="Gizmodo" /> One specific difference from the comic books is Banner's involvement in the creation of [[Ultron (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Ultron]] and the [[Vision (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Vision]], a character who in the comics was created solely by Ultron. The Vision, in the films, is created as a counter to Ultron, who had previously been created by Stark and Bruce Banner. In the comics, however, Ultron is created by a different member of the Avengers, Hank Pym.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Browne |first=Ben |date=January 18, 2017 |title=Iron Man: 15 Worst Changes From The Comic Books To The Movies |url=https://screenrant.com/iron-man-worst-changes-from-the-comic-books-to-movies/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180114020316/https://screenrant.com/iron-man-worst-changes-from-the-comic-books-to-movies/ |archive-date=January 14, 2018 |publisher=[[Screen Rant]]}}</ref> |
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Due to the lack of freestanding films about the Hulk, the character has been depicted in very few of the storylines shown in the comic books. In particular, the "[[Planet Hulk]]" storyline from the comic books is highly condensed and worked into ''[[Thor: Ragnarok]]''; the comic book storyline has the heroes of Earth intentionally sending the Hulk into space due to his excessively dangerous nature,<ref>''Incredible Hulk'' #88-91 (Dec 2005-Mar 2006)</ref> while the MCU Hulk leaves Earth of his own accord. The merged Banner/Hulk storyline depicted in ''Avengers: Endgame'' also differs from the comics, where a comparable merger was accomplished by hypnosis performed by superhero psychiatrist [[Doc Samson]].<ref name="NewsAramaPg9">{{ |
Due to the lack of freestanding films about the Hulk, the character has been depicted in very few of the storylines shown in the comic books. In particular, the "[[Planet Hulk]]" storyline from the comic books is highly condensed and worked into ''[[Thor: Ragnarok]]''; the comic book storyline has the heroes of Earth intentionally sending the Hulk into space due to his excessively dangerous nature,<ref>''Incredible Hulk'' #88-91 (Dec 2005-Mar 2006)</ref> while the MCU Hulk leaves Earth of his own accord. The merged Banner/Hulk storyline depicted in ''Avengers: Endgame'' also differs from the comics, where a comparable merger was accomplished by hypnosis performed by superhero psychiatrist [[Doc Samson]].<ref name="NewsAramaPg9">{{Cite web |date=December 23, 2015 |title=Duo Dynamics: The Many Incarnations of HULK-BANNER Bond? (Page 9) |url=http://www.newsarama.com/15462-duo-dynamics-the-many-incarnations-of-hulk-banner-bond.html#s9 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20161008100548/http://www.newsarama.com/15462-duo-dynamics-the-many-incarnations-of-hulk-banner-bond.html%23s9 |archive-date=October 8, 2016 |access-date=October 8, 2016 |publisher=[[Newsarama]]}}</ref> In the MCU, Banner accomplishes the merger by himself, through experimentation with gamma radiation. |
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== Appearances == |
== Appearances == |
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===Film=== |
===Film=== |
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[[Edward Norton]] portrays Bruce Banner in ''[[The Incredible Hulk (film)|The Incredible Hulk]]'' (2008),<ref>{{ |
[[Edward Norton]] portrays Bruce Banner in ''[[The Incredible Hulk (film)|The Incredible Hulk]]'' (2008),<ref>{{Cite news |last=Fernandez |first=Jay A. |date=August 15, 2007 |title=Signing on to a writing co-op |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2007-aug-15-et-scriptland15-story.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100313231243/http://articles.latimes.com/2007/aug/15/entertainment/et-scriptland15 |archive-date=March 13, 2010 |access-date=May 30, 2022 |work=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref> with [[Lou Ferrigno]] providing the voice of the Hulk.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ebert |first=Roger |date=June 12, 2008 |title=The Incredible Hulk (2008) |url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/the-incredible-hulk-2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220327234905/https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/the-incredible-hulk-2008 |archive-date=March 27, 2022 |access-date=May 27, 2022 |work=Roger Ebert}}</ref> [[Mark Ruffalo]] took on the role of Banner in ''[[The Avengers (2012 film)|The Avengers]]'' (2012),<ref>{{Cite web |last=McWeeny |first=Drew |date=July 10, 2010 |title=EXCLUSIVE: Marvel confirms they will hire new 'Hulk' for 'The Avengers' |url=https://uproxx.com/hitfix/exclusive-marvel-confirms-they-will-hire-new-hulk-for-avengers/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170924042356/http://uproxx.com/hitfix/exclusive-marvel-confirms-they-will-hire-new-hulk-for-avengers/ |archive-date=September 24, 2017 |access-date=February 22, 2013 |website=[[Uproxx]]}}</ref><ref name="RuffaloAvengers">{{Cite web |last=Finke |first=Nikki |author-link=Nikki Finke |date=July 23, 2010 |title=TOLDJA! Marvel & Ruffalo Reach Hulk Deal |url=https://deadline.com/2010/07/toldja-marvel-ruffalo-reach-hulk-deal-56186/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220514105251/https://deadline.com/2010/07/toldja-marvel-ruffalo-reach-hulk-deal-56186/ |archive-date=May 14, 2022 |access-date=May 27, 2022 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> where the voice of the Hulk was a mix of Ruffalo, Ferrigno and few others,<ref name="soundworks">Supervising Sound Editor, Sound Designer, and Re-recording Mixer Christopher Boyes at 3:22 of video interview, {{Cite web |date=2012 |title=The Sound of the Avengers |url=http://soundworkscollection.com/theavengers |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120511143134/http://soundworkscollection.com/theavengers |archive-date=May 11, 2012 |access-date=June 5, 2012 |publisher=SoundWorks Collection (Colemanfilm Media Group) |quote=Finally I thought, 'I just have to work with human voices.' ... I just started playing combinations and I would give them 10 to 15 variations of roars. And Joss listened to them and came back and said, 'I like this one,' and I went back and I looked at the ingredients of what was in that one. Turned out to be Mark Ruffalo, some Lou Ferrigno and a little bit of me and two people from New Zealand. So I led with that and I started using those combinations but changing it up. But the great thing was that Mark Ruffalo had done an incredible [unintelligible] of variety so I was always blending him in. ... Lou Ferrigno seemed to have a real knack for just who this character was. ... They were always a component of it.}}</ref> though the Hulk's single line of dialogue, "Puny god", was provided solely by Ruffalo.<ref name="HulkVoice">{{Cite news |last=Alexander, Bryan |date=May 10, 2012 |title=Assembling all the answers for ''Avengers'' fans |url=https://www.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/story/2012-05-10/secrets-of-the-avengers-spoilers/54864850/1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510064800/http://www.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/story/2012-05-10/secrets-of-the-avengers-spoilers/54864850/1 |archive-date=May 10, 2012 |access-date=May 26, 2012 |work=[[USA Today]]}}</ref> Mike Seymour of ''[[FX Guide]]'' called Ruffalo's Hulk "the most successful Hulk" in comparison to "the less than fully successful earlier attempts at digital Hulks." Seymour explained, "Ang Lee's 2003 ''Hulk'' and Louis Leterrier's ''The Incredible Hulk'' both failed in producing a Hulk that could walk the digital tightrope of impressive near undefeatable strength, huge body mass, fast agile movement, raw anger and likable performance." He stated that on contrary Ruffalo's Hulk had "both dynamic action sequences and crowd pleasing moments of humor and dialogue". In order to achieve this, [[Industrial Light & Magic]] created a new motion capture and facial animation system. Hulk's face was generated from a life cast / scan of Ruffalo's face, which was then manipulated in the program ZBrush to become the Hulk, while making sure to retain Ruffalo's essence.<ref name="fxguide" /> Ruffalo reprised the role in ''[[Iron Man 3]]'' (2013),<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 12, 2013 |title=IAR Exclusive: Mark Ruffalo Talks Marvel Cameos and the Future of The Hulk |url=http://www.iamrogue.com/news/movie-news/item/8867-iar-exclusive-mark-ruffalo-talks-the-future-of-the-hulk.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130611040510/http://www.iamrogue.com/news/movie-news/item/8867-iar-exclusive-mark-ruffalo-talks-the-future-of-the-hulk.html |archive-date=June 11, 2013 |access-date=May 13, 2013 |publisher=IAmRogue}}</ref> ''[[Avengers: Age of Ultron]]'' (2015),<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=309491061850517505 |user=MarkRuffalo |title=A lot of folks have been asking about the Next Hulk. The next time you see my Hulk it will be in the ''Avengers 2''. No plans for stand alone. |first=Mark |last=Ruffalo |author-link=Mark Ruffalo |date=March 6, 2013 |access-date=May 30, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131030234828/https://twitter.com/Mruff221/statuses/309491061850517505 |archive-date=October 30, 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[Thor: Ragnarok]]'' (2017),<ref>{{Cite web |last=Blickley |first=Leigh |date=October 23, 2015 |title=Mark Ruffalo Wants To See Bruce Banner And Hulk Face-Off On Screen |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/mark-ruffalo-bruce-banner-the-hulk-face-off_n_562a7b0ce4b0ec0a38946d13 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151024021326/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/mark-ruffalo-bruce-banner-the-hulk-face-off_562a7b0ce4b0ec0a38946d13 |archive-date=October 24, 2015 |access-date=May 30, 2022 |website=[[HuffPost]]}}</ref>'' [[Avengers: Infinity War]]'' (2018), ''[[Captain Marvel (film)|Captain Marvel]]'' (2019),<ref>{{Cite web |last=Robinson |first=Tasha |date=March 7, 2019 |title=One of Captain Marvel's post-credits scenes is great news for Avengers: Endgame |url=https://www.theverge.com/2019/3/7/18255336/captain-marvel-post-credits-scene-avengers-endgame-flerken-alien-cat-goose-tesseract |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331153554/https://www.theverge.com/2019/3/7/18255336/captain-marvel-post-credits-scene-avengers-endgame-flerken-alien-cat-goose-tesseract |archive-date=March 31, 2019 |access-date=March 8, 2019 |website=[[The Verge]] |publisher=[[Vox Media]]}}</ref> ''[[Avengers: Endgame]]'' (2019), and ''[[Shang-Chi and the Legend of the Ten Rings]]'' (2021).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sciretta |first=Peter |date=October 28, 2014 |title=Watch: All Of Your Marvel Phase 3 Questions Answered By Marvel Head Kevin Feige |url=https://www.slashfilm.com/534596/marvel-phase-3-kevin-feige/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141029031302/http://www.slashfilm.com/marvel-phase-3-kevin-feige/ |archive-date=October 29, 2014 |access-date=May 30, 2022 |publisher=[[/Film]]}}</ref> |
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A sequel to ''The Incredible Hulk'' has been discussed, with Marvel Studios having suggested a possible release after ''Avengers: Age of Ultron'' due to the positive audience reception towards Ruffalo's portrayal of Banner in ''The Avengers''.<ref>{{ |
A sequel to ''The Incredible Hulk'' has been discussed, with Marvel Studios having suggested a possible release after ''Avengers: Age of Ultron'' due to the positive audience reception towards Ruffalo's portrayal of Banner in ''The Avengers''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lussier |first=German |date=September 21, 2012 |title=New ''Hulk'' Standalone Movie Wouldn't Be Until After ''Avengers 2,'' But A Possible Plot Could Hint At ''Avengers 3'' |url=https://www.slashfilm.com/523090/new-hulk-standalone-movie-wouldnt-be-until-after-the-avengers-2-but-a-possible-plot-could-hint-at-avengers-3/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210925112556/https://www.slashfilm.com/523090/new-hulk-standalone-movie-wouldnt-be-until-after-the-avengers-2-but-a-possible-plot-could-hint-at-avengers-3/ |archive-date=September 25, 2021 |access-date=May 30, 2022 |publisher=[[/Film]]}}</ref> Ruffalo is set to reprise his role in any future adaptation of the character.<ref name="RuffaloAvengers" /> In June 2014, Ruffalo said he believed the studio might be considering doing a new standalone Hulk film, saying, "I think they are, for the first time, entertaining the idea of it. When we did ''The Avengers'' it was basically 'No!', and now there is some consideration for it. But there's still nothing definitive, not even a skeletal version of what it would be."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dibdin |first=Emma |date=June 17, 2014 |title=Exclusive: Mark Ruffalo: 'Marvel is considering a Hulk standalone movie' |url=https://www.digitalspy.com/movies/a578447/mark-ruffalo-marvel-is-considering-a-hulk-standalone-movie/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140722093247/http://www.digitalspy.com/movies/news/a578447/mark-ruffalo-marvel-is-considering-a-hulk-standalone-movie.html |archive-date=July 22, 2014 |access-date=May 30, 2022 |publisher=[[Digital Spy]]}}</ref> In December 2014, [[Joss Whedon]] said despite the positive reception to Ruffalo, a new solo Hulk film had not been announced because Marvel wished to have a character that only appears in ''Avengers'' films.<ref name="WhedonDec2014" /> In April 2015, Ruffalo told [[Collider (website)|Collider]] that [[Universal Pictures|Universal]] holding the distribution rights to Hulk films may be an obstacle to releasing a future Hulk standalone film.<ref name="RuffaloApril2015" /> [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures]] regained the film distribution rights to ''The Incredible Hulk'' and future solo ''Hulk'' films in June 2023, coinciding with the film's release on [[Disney+]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Franklin |first=McKinley |date=2023-06-15 |title='Incredible Hulk' Is Finally Coming to Disney+ |url=https://variety.com/2023/film/news/incredible-hulk-disney-release-date-1235645525/ |access-date=2023-06-15 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |language=en-US}}</ref> |
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=== Television === |
=== Television === |
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Archival footage of the character appears in "[[Glorious Purpose (Loki season 1)|Glorious Purpose]]", the first episode of the [[Disney+]] television series ''[[Loki (TV series)|Loki]]'' (2021). Ruffalo voices alternate versions of Banner in the Disney+ animated series ''[[What If...? (TV series)|What If...?]]'' ( |
Archival footage of the character appears in "[[Glorious Purpose (Loki season 1)|Glorious Purpose]]", the first episode of the [[Disney+]] television series ''[[Loki (TV series)|Loki]]'' (2021). Ruffalo voices alternate versions of Banner in the Disney+ animated series ''[[What If...? (TV series)|What If...?]]'' (2021–2023).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hughes |first=William |date=July 21, 2019 |title=Marvel just released an extremely intriguing cast list for Disney+'s animated What If...? |url=https://www.avclub.com/marvel-just-released-an-extremely-intriguing-cast-list-1836569935 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028165725/https://www.avclub.com/marvel-just-released-an-extremely-intriguing-cast-list-1836569935 |archive-date=October 28, 2021 |access-date=May 30, 2022 |website=[[The A.V. Club]]}}</ref> Ruffalo reprised his role in ''[[She-Hulk: Attorney at Law]]'' (2022).<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 14, 2019 |title=Mark Ruffalo Wouldn't Mind if the Hulk Has a Cameo in She-Hulk |url=https://people.com/tv/mark-ruffalo-wouldnt-mind-if-the-hulk-has-a-cameo-in-she-hulk/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191117141929/https://people.com/tv/mark-ruffalo-wouldnt-mind-if-the-hulk-has-a-cameo-in-she-hulk/ |archive-date=November 17, 2019 |access-date=November 17, 2019 |website=[[People (magazine)|People]]}}</ref> |
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===Other media=== |
===Other media=== |
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By ''Age of Ultron'', Ruffalo stated that his character had grown since the previous film and was "a bit more complex",<ref name="Ruffalo2" /> with a confrontation brewing between Banner and the Hulk: "There's a very cool thing happening: Hulk is as afraid of Banner as Banner is afraid of Hulk.. and they have got to come to peace somehow with each other."<ref name="Ruffalo3" /> While filming in [[London]], Ruffalo said that Whedon still had not given him any of the Hulk's lines.<ref name="IGNHulkOct2014" /> Whedon later explained that he writes the Hulk's dialogue spontaneously, saying, "What makes the Hulk so hard to write is that you're pretending he's a werewolf when he's a superhero. You want it vice versa... So the question is, how has he progressed? How can we bring changes on what the Hulk does? And that's not just in the screenplay, that's moment to moment."<ref name="WhedonDec2014" /> When the character next appears in ''Thor: Ragnarok'', two years have passed since ''Age of Ultron'', and Hulk has become a successful and popular gladiator on Sakaar,<ref name="EWMar2017Plot" /><ref name="RuffaloTR" /> having suppressed the Banner side in those years. He is forming the vocabulary "of a toddler",<ref name="EWSDCC2017" /> with the level of Hulk's speech being "a big conversation" between director Taika Waititi and Marvel since it was taking into account future appearances for the character:<ref name="WaititiHulk" /> ''Ragnarok'' begins an arc for the character that continues in ''[[Avengers: Infinity War]]'' (2018) and ''[[Avengers: Endgame]]'' (2019).<ref name="RuffaloHulkArc" /> Ruffalo felt Hulk had "a swagger" in the film, and was "much more of a character than the green rage machine" seen in the first two ''Avengers'' films.<ref name="EWMar2017Plot" /> |
By ''Age of Ultron'', Ruffalo stated that his character had grown since the previous film and was "a bit more complex",<ref name="Ruffalo2" /> with a confrontation brewing between Banner and the Hulk: "There's a very cool thing happening: Hulk is as afraid of Banner as Banner is afraid of Hulk.. and they have got to come to peace somehow with each other."<ref name="Ruffalo3" /> While filming in [[London]], Ruffalo said that Whedon still had not given him any of the Hulk's lines.<ref name="IGNHulkOct2014" /> Whedon later explained that he writes the Hulk's dialogue spontaneously, saying, "What makes the Hulk so hard to write is that you're pretending he's a werewolf when he's a superhero. You want it vice versa... So the question is, how has he progressed? How can we bring changes on what the Hulk does? And that's not just in the screenplay, that's moment to moment."<ref name="WhedonDec2014" /> When the character next appears in ''Thor: Ragnarok'', two years have passed since ''Age of Ultron'', and Hulk has become a successful and popular gladiator on Sakaar,<ref name="EWMar2017Plot" /><ref name="RuffaloTR" /> having suppressed the Banner side in those years. He is forming the vocabulary "of a toddler",<ref name="EWSDCC2017" /> with the level of Hulk's speech being "a big conversation" between director Taika Waititi and Marvel since it was taking into account future appearances for the character:<ref name="WaititiHulk" /> ''Ragnarok'' begins an arc for the character that continues in ''[[Avengers: Infinity War]]'' (2018) and ''[[Avengers: Endgame]]'' (2019).<ref name="RuffaloHulkArc" /> Ruffalo felt Hulk had "a swagger" in the film, and was "much more of a character than the green rage machine" seen in the first two ''Avengers'' films.<ref name="EWMar2017Plot" /> |
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The Hulk only appears briefly at the beginning of ''Infinity War'', with Bruce Banner spending the film trying to reintegrate with the Avengers, and to "impress upon everybody how dangerous Thanos is".<ref name="ColliderRuffaloBosemanMarch2018" /> Joe Russo felt the Hulk refusing to appear for much of the film was only partially because he was scared, but also because he realizes that "Banner only wants Hulk for fighting. I think he's had enough of saving Banner's ass." Russo added that this was "really reflective of the journey from ''Ragnarok''... [where] these two characters are constantly in conflict with each other over control."<ref name="RussoHulkScared" /> The difference between Hulk and Banner is intended to be shown as "starting to blur a little bit". Ruffalo described Hulk in ''Infinity War'' as having the mental capacity of a five-year-old.<ref name="ColliderRuffaloBosemanMarch2018" /> Despite the lack of further standalone films, "Bruce and the Hulk have managed to eke out a character arc in the six years since ''The Avengers''", with ''Thor: Ragnarok'' and ''Infinity War'' highlighting an ongoing battle for control of which persona will manifest, expected to be resolved in ''Avengers: Endgame''.<ref name="ScreenRantHulkArc" /> In ''Avengers: Endgame'', the Bruce Banner and the Hulk personalities are shown to have reconciled and merged into Professor Hulk, who has the strength of the Hulk but the intelligence of Bruce Banner.<ref>{{ |
The Hulk only appears briefly at the beginning of ''Infinity War'', with Bruce Banner spending the film trying to reintegrate with the Avengers, and to "impress upon everybody how dangerous Thanos is".<ref name="ColliderRuffaloBosemanMarch2018" /> Joe Russo felt the Hulk refusing to appear for much of the film was only partially because he was scared, but also because he realizes that "Banner only wants Hulk for fighting. I think he's had enough of saving Banner's ass." Russo added that this was "really reflective of the journey from ''Ragnarok''... [where] these two characters are constantly in conflict with each other over control."<ref name="RussoHulkScared" /> The difference between Hulk and Banner is intended to be shown as "starting to blur a little bit". Ruffalo described Hulk in ''Infinity War'' as having the mental capacity of a five-year-old.<ref name="ColliderRuffaloBosemanMarch2018" /> Despite the lack of further standalone films, "Bruce and the Hulk have managed to eke out a character arc in the six years since ''The Avengers''", with ''Thor: Ragnarok'' and ''Infinity War'' highlighting an ongoing battle for control of which persona will manifest, expected to be resolved in ''Avengers: Endgame''.<ref name="ScreenRantHulkArc" /> In ''Avengers: Endgame'', the Bruce Banner and the Hulk personalities are shown to have reconciled and merged into Professor Hulk, who has the strength of the Hulk but the intelligence of Bruce Banner.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Breznican |first=Anthony |date=April 27, 2019 |title=Avengers: Endgame explained: The Hulk's closing scene |url=https://ew.com/movies/2019/04/27/avengers-endgame-hulk/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190427165619/https://ew.com/movies/2019/04/27/avengers-endgame-hulk/ |archive-date=April 27, 2019 |access-date=May 1, 2019 |magazine=Entertainment Weekly}}</ref><ref name="Gizmodo">{{Cite web |last=Pulliam-Moore |first=Charles |date=May 7, 2019 |title=Professor Hulk Is Avengers: Endgame's Gift to Bruce Banner |url=https://gizmodo.com/professor-hulk-is-avengers-endgames-gift-to-bruce-bann-1834481486 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530203511/https://gizmodo.com/professor-hulk-is-avengers-endgames-gift-to-bruce-bann-1834481486 |archive-date=May 30, 2022 |access-date=May 30, 2022 |website=Gizmodo}}</ref> |
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=== Appearance and special effects === |
=== Appearance and special effects === |
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[[Dale Keown]]'s comic book artwork of the Hulk was an inspiration for his design.<ref name="Keown" /> Leterrier felt the first Hulk had "too much fat [and] the proportions were a little off". He explained, "The Hulk is beyond perfect so there is zero grams of fat, all chiseled, and his muscle and strength defines this creature so he's like a tank."<ref name="Keown" /> [[Visual effects supervisor]] Kurt Williams envisioned the Hulk's physique as a [[linebacker]] rather than a [[bodybuilder]]. A height of n<!-- Blonsky's estimate is a personal guess, not the actual height the filmmakers made for the digital model-->ine feet was chosen for the character as they did not want him to be too inhuman. To make him more expressive, computer programs controlling the inflation of his muscles and saturation of skin color were created. Williams cited [[flushing (physiology)|flushing]] as an example of humans' skin color being influenced by their emotions.<ref name="ProdNotes" /> The animators felt green blood would make his skin become darker rather than lighter, and his skin tones, depending on lighting, either resemble an [[olive]] or even gray [[slate]].<ref name="LATimesShade" /> His animation model was completed without the effects company's full knowledge of what he would be required to do: he was rigged to do whatever they imagined, in case the model was to be used for ''The Avengers'' film.<ref name="SFXfinesse" /> The Hulk's medium-length hair was modeled on [[Mike Deodato]]'s art.<ref name="SFXfinesse" /> He originally had a [[crew cut]], but Leterrier decided flopping hair imbued him with more character.<ref name="DVDBecomingHulk" /> Leterrier cited ''[[An American Werewolf in London]]'' as the inspiration for Banner's transformation, wanting to show how painful it was for him to change.<ref name="AICNEditingBay" /> As a nod to the live action TV series, Banner's eyes change color first when he transforms.<ref name="MTVEyes" /> |
[[Dale Keown]]'s comic book artwork of the Hulk was an inspiration for his design.<ref name="Keown" /> Leterrier felt the first Hulk had "too much fat [and] the proportions were a little off". He explained, "The Hulk is beyond perfect so there is zero grams of fat, all chiseled, and his muscle and strength defines this creature so he's like a tank."<ref name="Keown" /> [[Visual effects supervisor]] Kurt Williams envisioned the Hulk's physique as a [[linebacker]] rather than a [[bodybuilder]]. A height of n<!-- Blonsky's estimate is a personal guess, not the actual height the filmmakers made for the digital model-->ine feet was chosen for the character as they did not want him to be too inhuman. To make him more expressive, computer programs controlling the inflation of his muscles and saturation of skin color were created. Williams cited [[flushing (physiology)|flushing]] as an example of humans' skin color being influenced by their emotions.<ref name="ProdNotes" /> The animators felt green blood would make his skin become darker rather than lighter, and his skin tones, depending on lighting, either resemble an [[olive]] or even gray [[slate]].<ref name="LATimesShade" /> His animation model was completed without the effects company's full knowledge of what he would be required to do: he was rigged to do whatever they imagined, in case the model was to be used for ''The Avengers'' film.<ref name="SFXfinesse" /> The Hulk's medium-length hair was modeled on [[Mike Deodato]]'s art.<ref name="SFXfinesse" /> He originally had a [[crew cut]], but Leterrier decided flopping hair imbued him with more character.<ref name="DVDBecomingHulk" /> Leterrier cited ''[[An American Werewolf in London]]'' as the inspiration for Banner's transformation, wanting to show how painful it was for him to change.<ref name="AICNEditingBay" /> As a nod to the live action TV series, Banner's eyes change color first when he transforms.<ref name="MTVEyes" /> |
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''The Avengers'' was the first production in which the actor playing Banner also plays the Hulk. Ruffalo told ''[[New York (magazine)|New York]]'' magazine, "I'm really excited. No one's ever played the Hulk exactly; they've always done CGI. They're going to do the ''[[Avatar (2009 film)|Avatar]]'' stop-action, stop-motion capture. So I'll actually play the Hulk. That'll be fun".<ref name="NYMag" /> The [[3D modeling|3D model]] used to create the Hulk's body was modeled after [[Long Island]] bodybuilder and male stripper Steve Romm, while the Hulk's face was modeled after Ruffalo.{{citation needed}} To create the on-screen Hulk, Ruffalo performed in a motion-capture suit on set with the other actors while four motion-capture HD cameras (two full body, two focused on his face) captured his face and body movements.<ref name="fxguide" /> ILM returned to create the digital Hulk. [[Jeff White (visual effects)|Jeff White]], ILM's visual effects supervisor, said, "We really wanted to utilize everything we've developed the last 10 years and make it a pretty spectacular Hulk. One of the great design decisions was to incorporate Mark Ruffalo into the look of him. So, much of Hulk is based on Ruffalo and his performance, not only in motion capture and on set, but down to his eyes, his teeth, and his tongue."<ref name="AWN" /> |
''The Avengers'' was the first production in which the actor playing Banner also plays the Hulk. Ruffalo told ''[[New York (magazine)|New York]]'' magazine, "I'm really excited. No one's ever played the Hulk exactly; they've always done CGI. They're going to do the ''[[Avatar (2009 film)|Avatar]]'' stop-action, stop-motion capture. So I'll actually play the Hulk. That'll be fun".<ref name="NYMag" /> The [[3D modeling|3D model]] used to create the Hulk's body was modeled after [[Long Island]] bodybuilder and male stripper Steve Romm, while the Hulk's face was modeled after Ruffalo.{{citation needed|date=March 2024}} To create the on-screen Hulk, Ruffalo performed in a motion-capture suit on set with the other actors while four motion-capture HD cameras (two full body, two focused on his face) captured his face and body movements.<ref name="fxguide" /> ILM returned to create the digital Hulk. [[Jeff White (visual effects)|Jeff White]], ILM's visual effects supervisor, said, "We really wanted to utilize everything we've developed the last 10 years and make it a pretty spectacular Hulk. One of the great design decisions was to incorporate Mark Ruffalo into the look of him. So, much of Hulk is based on Ruffalo and his performance, not only in motion capture and on set, but down to his eyes, his teeth, and his tongue."<ref name="AWN" /> |
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For ''Thor: Ragnarok'', ILM had to add much more detail to the character's facial features, due to the Hulk's increased dialogue. ILM visual effects supervisor Chad Wiebe explained that Ruffalo's expressions were captured fresh for the film using Medusa, a performance capture technology. With 90 different expressions captured, ILM "built an entirely new library that would allow [Hulk] to cover a full range of normal human visual characteristics."<ref name="FXGuidePart2" /> To help create the Hulk, a person on set was covered in green body paint, and would replicate the intended motions of the character to aid the visual effect artists.<ref name="ColliderSep2017Trivia" /> Additionally, stunt actor Paul Lowe, who is under {{convert|5|ft|m}} tall, stood in for Hemsworth during some of his interactions with the Hulk so that the Hulk's stunt men would be proportionally correct. In some instances when Thor and the Hulk interacted, a digital double was used for Thor, also created by ILM, to have greater flexibility for the shots. ILM worked on all of the Hulk moments in the film outside the final fight sequence, which was completed by Framestore using ILM's assets, as Framestore was primarily responsible for [[Skeletal animation|rigging]] that sequence. Framestore completed nearly 460 shots, which featured digital doubles of Thor and Hela, Fenris, Korg, Miek, the giant Surtur at the end of the film, and over 9,000 buildings for Asgard, based on assets D Negative had from ''The Dark World'', resulting in over 263 character, vehicle, prop, and crowd rigs.<ref name="FXGuidePart2" /> Taika Waititi also provided additional motion capture for the Hulk after Ruffalo had completed his scenes.<ref name="WaititiColliderSep2017" /> |
For ''Thor: Ragnarok'', ILM had to add much more detail to the character's facial features, due to the Hulk's increased dialogue. ILM visual effects supervisor Chad Wiebe explained that Ruffalo's expressions were captured fresh for the film using Medusa, a performance capture technology. With 90 different expressions captured, ILM "built an entirely new library that would allow [Hulk] to cover a full range of normal human visual characteristics."<ref name="FXGuidePart2" /> To help create the Hulk, a person on set was covered in green body paint, and would replicate the intended motions of the character to aid the visual effect artists.<ref name="ColliderSep2017Trivia" /> Additionally, stunt actor Paul Lowe, who is under {{convert|5|ft|m}} tall, stood in for Hemsworth during some of his interactions with the Hulk so that the Hulk's stunt men would be proportionally correct. In some instances when Thor and the Hulk interacted, a digital double was used for Thor, also created by ILM, to have greater flexibility for the shots. ILM worked on all of the Hulk moments in the film outside the final fight sequence, which was completed by Framestore using ILM's assets, as Framestore was primarily responsible for [[Skeletal animation|rigging]] that sequence. Framestore completed nearly 460 shots, which featured digital doubles of Thor and Hela, Fenris, Korg, Miek, the giant Surtur at the end of the film, and over 9,000 buildings for Asgard, based on assets D Negative had from ''The Dark World'', resulting in over 263 character, vehicle, prop, and crowd rigs.<ref name="FXGuidePart2" /> Taika Waititi also provided additional motion capture for the Hulk after Ruffalo had completed his scenes.<ref name="WaititiColliderSep2017" /> |
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With respect to Bruce Banner's regular appearance, his fashion sense has been critiqued with the observation that "in just about every appearance, he's wearing a nondescript suit with a purple button down shirt".<ref>{{ |
With respect to Bruce Banner's regular appearance, his fashion sense has been critiqued with the observation that "in just about every appearance, he's wearing a nondescript suit with a purple button down shirt".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dworken |first=Arye |date=April 23, 2018 |title=A Serious Critique of the MCU's Street Style |url=https://www.vulture.com/2018/04/a-serious-critique-of-the-mcus-off-duty-fashion.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181220230630/https://www.vulture.com/2018/04/a-serious-critique-of-the-mcus-off-duty-fashion.html |archive-date=December 20, 2018 |access-date=December 23, 2018 |publisher=Vulture}}</ref> By contrast, Banner's "Professor Hulk" appearance in ''Avengers: Endgame'', including his penchant for knit sweaters, has been described as "hot" and "sexy".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Keaney |first=Quinn |date=May 2, 2019 |title=Uh, So, There Are a Lot of People Who Think the Hulk Is Hot Now After Seeing Avengers: Endgame |url=https://www.popsugar.com/entertainment/Hulk-Hot-Avengers-Endgame-46078093 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530203511/https://www.popsugar.com/entertainment/Hulk-Hot-Avengers-Endgame-46078093 |archive-date=May 30, 2022 |access-date=May 30, 2022}}</ref> |
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== Reception == |
== Reception == |
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| Best Performance – Male |
| Best Performance – Male |
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| {{nom}} |
| {{nom}} |
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| style="text-align: center;"|<ref name="NationalMovieAwards">{{ |
| style="text-align: center;"|<ref name="NationalMovieAwards">{{Cite news |date=August 1, 2008 |title=Mamma Mia! leads film award nods |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7537665.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080803015254/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7537665.stm |archive-date=August 3, 2008 |access-date=August 24, 2008 |work=[[BBC News]]}}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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| rowspan="2"| [[2008 Scream Awards|Scream Awards]] |
| rowspan="2"| [[2008 Scream Awards|Scream Awards]] |
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| Best Fantasy Actor |
| Best Fantasy Actor |
||
| {{nom}} |
| {{nom}} |
||
| rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{ |
| rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Seijas |first=Casey |date=September 15, 2008 |title=Comics Take Over '2008 Scream Awards' as Nominees Announced |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/2592805/comics-take-over-2008-scream-awards-as-nominees-announced/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151224082450/http://www.mtv.com/news/2592805/comics-take-over-2008-scream-awards-as-nominees-announced/ |archive-date=December 24, 2015 |access-date=October 29, 2019 |website=[[MTV]]}}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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| Best Superhero |
| Best Superhero |
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| [[Teen Choice Award for Choice Hissy Fit|Choice Movie Hissy Fit]] |
| [[Teen Choice Award for Choice Hissy Fit|Choice Movie Hissy Fit]] |
||
| {{nom}} |
| {{nom}} |
||
| style="text-align: center;"|<ref name="2012TeenChoice">{{ |
| style="text-align: center;"|<ref name="2012TeenChoice">{{Cite web |last=Chung |first=Gabrielle |date=July 22, 2012 |title=Teen Choice Awards 2012: Nominees and Winners (Complete List) |url=https://www.celebuzz.com/2012-07-22/teen-choice-awards-2012-nominees-and-winners/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130927213101/http://www.celebuzz.com/2012-07-22/teen-choice-awards-2012-nominees-and-winners/ |archive-date=September 27, 2013 |access-date=October 27, 2019 |website=[[Celebuzz]]}}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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| rowspan="4"| 2013 |
| rowspan="4"| 2013 |
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| [[11th Visual Effects Society Awards|Visual Effects Society Awards]] |
| [[11th Visual Effects Society Awards|Visual Effects Society Awards]] |
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| Outstanding Animated Character in a Live Action Feature Motion Picture |
| Outstanding Animated Character in a Live Action Feature Motion Picture |
||
| {{ |
| {{nom}} |
||
| style="text-align: center;"| |
| style="text-align: center;"| |
||
<ref name="VESAwards">{{ |
<ref name="VESAwards">{{Cite news |date=January 7, 2013 |title=VES Awards 2013 winners & nominees |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/moviesnow/la-et-nominees-for-the-ves-awards-list-story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191101000233/https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/envelope/la-xpm-2013-jan-07-la-et-nominees-for-the-ves-awards-list-story.html |archive-date=November 1, 2019 |access-date=May 30, 2022 |work=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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| rowspan="3"| [[2013 MTV Movie Awards|MTV Movie Awards]] |
| rowspan="3"| [[2013 MTV Movie Awards|MTV Movie Awards]] |
||
| [[MTV Movie Award for Best On-Screen Duo|Best On-Screen Duo]] {{small|(with [[Robert Downey Jr.]])}} |
| [[MTV Movie Award for Best On-Screen Duo|Best On-Screen Duo]] {{small|(with [[Robert Downey Jr.]])}} |
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| {{ |
| {{nom}} |
||
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="MTVMovieAwardsWinners"/> |
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="MTVMovieAwardsWinners" /> |
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|- |
|- |
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| [[MTV Movie Award for Best Fight|Best Fight]] {{small|(with cast)}} |
| [[MTV Movie Award for Best Fight|Best Fight]] {{small|(with cast)}} |
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|- |
|- |
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| [[MTV Movie Award for Best Hero|Best Hero]] |
| [[MTV Movie Award for Best Hero|Best Hero]] |
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| {{ |
| {{nom}} |
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|- |
|- |
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| rowspan="2"| 2016 |
| rowspan="2"| 2016 |
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| [[43rd Annie Awards]] |
| [[43rd Annie Awards]] |
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| Outstanding Achievement, Character Animation in a Live Action Production |
| Outstanding Achievement, Character Animation in a Live Action Production |
||
| {{ |
| {{nom}} |
||
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="AnnieAwards">{{ |
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="AnnieAwards">{{Cite web |title=43rd Annie Awards |url=https://annieawards.org/legacy/40th-annie-awards |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812061521/http://www.annieawards.org/legacy/43rd-annie-awards |archive-date=August 12, 2017 |access-date=January 28, 2013 |publisher=[[Annie Awards]]}}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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| [[2016 MTV Movie Awards|MTV Movie Awards]] |
| [[2016 MTV Movie Awards|MTV Movie Awards]] |
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| [[MTV Movie Award for Best Fight|Best Fight]] {{small|(with [[Robert Downey Jr.]])}} |
| [[MTV Movie Award for Best Fight|Best Fight]] {{small|(with [[Robert Downey Jr.]])}} |
||
| {{nom}} |
| {{nom}} |
||
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="2016MTVAwards">{{ |
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="2016MTVAwards">{{Cite web |last=Khatchatourian |first=Maane |date=March 8, 2016 |title=MTV Movie Awards 2016: Complete List of Nominees |url=https://variety.com/2016/film/news/mtv-movie-awards-nominations-2016-full-list-nominees-1201725166/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309035935/http://variety.com/2016/film/news/mtv-movie-awards-nominations-2016-full-list-nominees-1201725166/ |archive-date=March 9, 2016 |access-date=March 8, 2016 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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| rowspan="3"| 2018 |
| rowspan="3"| 2018 |
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| [[2018 MTV Movie & TV Awards|MTV Movie & TV Awards]] |
| [[2018 MTV Movie & TV Awards|MTV Movie & TV Awards]] |
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| [[MTV Movie Award for Best Fight|Best Fight]] {{small|(with [[Chris Hemsworth]])}} |
| [[MTV Movie Award for Best Fight|Best Fight]] {{small|(with [[Chris Hemsworth]])}} |
||
| {{ |
| {{nom}} |
||
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="2018MTVAwards">{{ |
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="2018MTVAwards">{{Cite web |last=Nordyke |first=Kimberly |date=May 3, 2018 |title=MTV Movie & TV Awards: 'Black Panther,' 'Stranger Things' Top Nominations |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/mtv-movie-tv-awards-2018-nominations-complete-list-1108100 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180503235147/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/mtv-movie-tv-awards-2018-nominations-complete-list-1108100 |archive-date=May 3, 2018 |access-date=May 3, 2018 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
||
| [[2018 Teen Choice Awards|Teen Choice Awards]] |
| [[2018 Teen Choice Awards|Teen Choice Awards]] |
||
| [[Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie Actor – Sci-Fi/Fantasy|Choice Movie Actor: Sci-Fi/Fantasy]] |
| [[Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie Actor – Sci-Fi/Fantasy|Choice Movie Actor: Sci-Fi/Fantasy]] |
||
| {{ |
| {{nom}} |
||
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="2018TeenChoice">{{ |
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="2018TeenChoice">{{Cite web |date=August 12, 2018 |title=Teen Choice Awards: Winners List |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/teen-choice-awards-2018-full-list-winners-1134169 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813030438/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/teen-choice-awards-2018-full-list-winners-1134169 |archive-date=August 13, 2018 |access-date=August 12, 2018 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Avengers: Infinity War]]'' |
| ''[[Avengers: Infinity War]]'' |
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{{Reflist|refs= |
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<ref name="PennNorton">{{Cite news |url=https://www.superherohype.com/features/93371-excl-zak-penn-on-norton-as-hulk |
<ref name="PennNorton">{{Cite news |last=Douglas |first=Edward |date=April 16, 2007 |title=Zak Penn on Norton as Hulk! |url=https://www.superherohype.com/features/93371-excl-zak-penn-on-norton-as-hulk |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517070513/https://www.superherohype.com/features/93371-excl-zak-penn-on-norton-as-hulk |archive-date=May 17, 2022 |access-date=May 27, 2022 |publisher=SuperheroHype}}</ref> |
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<ref name="StocksSoar">{{Cite news |url=https://variety.com/2006/scene/markets-festivals/marvel-stock-soars-on-rev-outlook-1117938775/ |
<ref name="StocksSoar">{{Cite news |last=Zeitchik |first=Steven |date=February 23, 2006 |title=Marvel stock soars on rev outlook |url=https://variety.com/2006/scene/markets-festivals/marvel-stock-soars-on-rev-outlook-1117938775/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517071323/https://variety.com/2006/scene/markets-festivals/marvel-stock-soars-on-rev-outlook-1117938775/ |archive-date=May 17, 2022 |access-date=May 27, 2022 |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref> |
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<ref name="HuffPost">{{Cite web | |
<ref name="HuffPost">{{Cite web |date=May 28, 2013 |title=Louis Leterrier, 'Now You See Me' Director, On The Problems With 'The Incredible Hulk' And 'Clash of the Titans' |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/louis-leterrier-now-you-see-me_n_3333311 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030040713/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/louis-leterrier-now-you-see-me_n_3333311 |archive-date=October 30, 2021 |access-date=May 27, 2022 |website=[[HuffPost]]}}</ref> |
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<ref name="NYCC2008Int">{{Cite news |url=https://www.superherohype.com/features/96367-exclusive-letterier-feige-and-hurd-on-hulks-return |
<ref name="NYCC2008Int">{{Cite news |last=Douglas |first=Edward |date=April 20, 2008 |title=Exclusive: Leterrier, Feige and Hurd on Hulk's Return |url=https://www.superherohype.com/features/96367-exclusive-letterier-feige-and-hurd-on-hulks-return |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517071405/https://www.superherohype.com/features/96367-exclusive-letterier-feige-and-hurd-on-hulks-return |archive-date=May 17, 2022 |access-date=May 27, 2022 |publisher=SuperheroHype}}</ref> |
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<ref name="NortonBixby">{{Cite web|date=June 14, 2007 |title=The Hulk's Incredible Return |
<ref name="NortonBixby">{{Cite web |date=June 14, 2007 |title=The Hulk's Incredible Return |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2007/06/14/the-hulks-incredible-return |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151211053933/http://www.ign.com/articles/2007/06/14/the-hulks-incredible-return |archive-date=December 11, 2015 |access-date=June 15, 2007 |publisher=[[IGN]]}}</ref> |
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<ref name="LouCameo">{{Cite news| |
<ref name="LouCameo">{{Cite news |last=Adler |first=Shawn |date=October 23, 2007 |title=Lou Ferrigno Says Hulk Cameo A 'Smash' |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/2429308/lou-ferrigno-says-hulk-cameo-a-smash/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071025092710/http://moviesblog.mtv.com/2007/10/23/lou-ferrigno-says-hulk-cameo-a-smash/ |archive-date=October 25, 2007 |access-date=October 27, 2007 |publisher=[[MTV]] Movies Blog}}</ref> |
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<ref name="NortonTotalFilm">{{Cite news |url=https://www.gamesradar.com/edward-norton-talks-incredible-hulk/ |
<ref name="NortonTotalFilm">{{Cite news |date=March 7, 2008 |title=Edward Norton talks Incredible Hulk |url=https://www.gamesradar.com/edward-norton-talks-incredible-hulk/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220504010542/https://www.gamesradar.com/edward-norton-talks-incredible-hulk/ |archive-date=May 4, 2022 |access-date=May 27, 2022 |work=[[Total Film]] |publisher=GamesRadar}}</ref> |
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<ref name="SDCC2007Panel">{{Cite news |url=https://www.superherohype.com/features/94515-live-from-comic-con-the-marvel-studios-panel |
<ref name="SDCC2007Panel">{{Cite news |last=Douglas |first=Edward |date=July 28, 2007 |title=Live from Comic-Con: The Marvel Studios Panel! |url=https://www.superherohype.com/features/94515-live-from-comic-con-the-marvel-studios-panel |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210922193152/https://www.superherohype.com/features/94515-live-from-comic-con-the-marvel-studios-panel |archive-date=September 22, 2021 |access-date=May 27, 2022 |publisher=SuperheroHype}}</ref> |
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<ref name="DarkHorizonsEditBay">{{Cite news| |
<ref name="DarkHorizonsEditBay">{{Cite news |last=Otto |first=Jeff |date=May 27, 2008 |title=Special Report: "Hulk" Edit Bay Visit |url=http://www.darkhorizons.com/news/11130/special-report-hulk-edit-bay-visit |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120728165322/http://www.darkhorizons.com/news/11130/special-report-hulk-edit-bay-visit |archive-date=July 28, 2012 |access-date=May 27, 2008 |work=[[Dark Horizons]]}}</ref> |
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<ref name="IGNDirectorSpeaks">{{Cite news| |
<ref name="IGNDirectorSpeaks">{{Cite news |last=Moro |first=Eric |date=June 9, 2008 |title=Exclusive: Hulk Director Speaks |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2008/06/09/exclusive-hulk-director-speaks?page=2 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105053810/http://www.ign.com/articles/2008/06/09/exclusive-hulk-director-speaks?page=2 |archive-date=November 5, 2012 |access-date=July 8, 2008 |work=[[IGN]]}}</ref> |
||
<ref name="NortonReplaced">{{ |
<ref name="NortonReplaced">{{Cite web |last=McWeeny |first=Drew |date=July 10, 2010 |title=Marvel confirms they will hire new 'Hulk' for 'The Avengers' |url=https://uproxx.com/hitfix/exclusive-marvel-confirms-they-will-hire-new-hulk-for-avengers/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100814074050/http://www.hitfix.com/blogs/motion-captured/posts/exclusive-marvel-confirms-they-will-hire-new-hulk-for-avengers |archive-date=August 14, 2010 |access-date=February 22, 2013 |website=[[HitFix]]}}</ref> |
||
<ref name="DeadlineRuffalo">{{ |
<ref name="DeadlineRuffalo">{{Cite web |last=Finke |first=Nikki |author-link=Nikki Finke |date=July 23, 2010 |title=TOLDJA! Marvel & Ruffalo Reach Hulk Deal |url=https://www.deadline.com/2010/07/toldja-marvel-ruffalo-reach-hulk-deal/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100724213548/http://www.deadline.com/2010/07/toldja-marvel-ruffalo-reach-hulk-deal/ |archive-date=July 24, 2010 |access-date=July 23, 2010 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> |
||
<ref name="Keown">{{Cite news| |
<ref name="Keown">{{Cite news |last=Cairns |first=Bryan |date=October 3, 2011 |title=Director Louis Leterrier Talks Incredible Hulk |url=http://www.newsarama.com/film/080602-hulk-leterrier.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081122065856/http://www.newsarama.com/film/080602-hulk-leterrier.html |archive-date=November 22, 2008 |access-date=February 23, 2013 |publisher=[[Newsarama]]}}</ref> |
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<ref name="April2012NoSequel">{{Cite web | |
<ref name="April2012NoSequel">{{Cite web |last=Ryan |first=Mike |date=April 13, 2012 |title=Kevin Feige, 'The Avengers' Producer, On The Possibility of Captain America And Falcon? |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/kevin-feige-the-avengers_n_1422605 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026210725/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/kevin-feige-the-avengers_n_1422605 |archive-date=October 26, 2021 |access-date=May 27, 2022 |website=[[HuffPost]]}}</ref> |
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<ref name="SequelPossible">{{ |
<ref name="SequelPossible">{{Cite web |last=Eisenberg |first=Eric |date=May 1, 2012 |title=Marvel President Kevin Feige Talks Iron Man 3 and the Future |url=https://www.cinemablend.com/new/Marvel-President-Kevin-Feige-Talks-Iron-Man-3-Future-30706.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120507221951/http://www.cinemablend.com/new/Marvel-President-Kevin-Feige-Talks-Iron-Man-3-Future-30706.html |archive-date=May 7, 2012 |access-date=February 23, 2013 |publisher=[[CinemaBlend]]}}</ref> |
||
<ref name="Sep2012Sequel">{{ |
<ref name="Sep2012Sequel">{{Cite web |last=Wigler |first=Josh |date=September 21, 2012 |title=A 'Planet Hulk' Movie? Marvel's Kevin Feige Weighs In |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/2601238/planet-hulk-movie-kevin-feige/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120923205047/http://splashpage.mtv.com/2012/09/21/planet-hulk-movie-kevin-feige |archive-date=September 23, 2012 |access-date=February 22, 2013 |publisher=[[MTV]]}}</ref> |
||
<ref name="RuffaloSequelJune2014">{{Cite web |url=https://www.digitalspy.com/movies/a578447/mark-ruffalo-marvel-is-considering-a-hulk-standalone-movie/ |
<ref name="RuffaloSequelJune2014">{{Cite web |last=Dibdin |first=Emma |date=June 17, 2014 |title=Exclusive: Mark Ruffalo: 'Marvel is considering a Hulk standalone movie' |url=https://www.digitalspy.com/movies/a578447/mark-ruffalo-marvel-is-considering-a-hulk-standalone-movie/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524084545/https://www.digitalspy.com/movies/a578447/mark-ruffalo-marvel-is-considering-a-hulk-standalone-movie/ |archive-date=May 24, 2022 |access-date=May 27, 2022 |website=[[Digital Spy]]}}</ref> |
||
<ref name="FeigeIGNJuly2014">{{ |
<ref name="FeigeIGNJuly2014">{{Cite web |last=Nicholson |first=Max |date=July 21, 2014 |title=No Planet Hulk Movie Planned, Says Marvel Studio Head Kevin Feige |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2014/07/21/no-planet-hulk-movie-planned-says-kevin-feige |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140723020935/http://www.ign.com/articles/2014/07/21/no-planet-hulk-movie-planned-says-kevin-feige |archive-date=July 23, 2014 |access-date=July 21, 2014 |publisher=[[IGN]]}}</ref> |
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<ref name="ScreenRantHulkArc">{{ |
<ref name="ScreenRantHulkArc">{{Cite web |last=Shaw-Williams |first=Hannah |date=August 16, 2018 |title=How Avengers 4 Can Make Sense Of Hulk's Weird Infinity War Arc |url=https://screenrant.com/avengers-4-hulk-arc-explain-infinity-war/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210924173701/https://screenrant.com/avengers-4-hulk-arc-explain-infinity-war/ |archive-date=September 24, 2021 |access-date=December 23, 2018 |website=[[Screen Rant]]}}</ref> |
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<ref name="RuffaloApril2015">{{ |
<ref name="RuffaloApril2015">{{Cite web |last=Goldberg |first=Matt |date=April 13, 2015 |title=Mark Ruffalo Reveals Universal Owns the Rights to Solo HULK Movies |url=https://collider.com/new-hulk-solo-movie-mark-ruffalo-says-universal-owns-the-rights/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150415004004/http://collider.com/new-hulk-solo-movie-mark-ruffalo-says-universal-owns-the-rights/ |archive-date=April 15, 2015 |access-date=April 14, 2015 |publisher=[[Collider (website)|Collider]]}}</ref> |
||
<ref name="THRJulyl2015">{{Cite web |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/how-marvels-hulk-got-caught-804562/ |
<ref name="THRJulyl2015">{{Cite web |last=Kilday |first=Gregg |date=June 24, 2015 |title=How Marvel's Hulk Got Caught Between Studios |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/how-marvels-hulk-got-caught-804562/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026210243/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/how-marvels-hulk-got-caught-804562/ |archive-date=October 26, 2021 |access-date=May 27, 2022 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> |
||
<ref name="HulkRights">{{ |
<ref name="HulkRights">{{Cite web |last=Hughes |first=Mark |date=June 19, 2015 |title=Details Of Marvel's 'Hulk' Film Rights – Fans Can Relax About Sequel |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/markhughes/2015/06/19/details-of-marvels-hulk-film-rights-fans-can-relax-about-sequel/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150622063701/http://www.forbes.com/sites/markhughes/2015/06/19/details-of-marvels-hulk-film-rights-fans-can-relax-about-sequel/ |archive-date=June 22, 2015 |access-date=June 21, 2015 |website=[[Forbes]] |quote=...despite obtaining the cinematic rights to make Hulk movies, Marvel did not obtain distribution rights. Universal held those rights... the exact situation is that Universal currently retains the right of first refusal to distribute any Hulk films in the future. If for some reason Universal chose to forgo distribution, then Disney would immediately pick up the distribution rights for the Hulk movie.}}</ref> |
||
<ref name="RuffaloUSAToday">{{ |
<ref name="RuffaloUSAToday">{{Cite web |last=Ryan |first=Patrick |date=October 30, 2015 |title=Mark Ruffalo: A solo Hulk movie 'feels even further away' than before |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/entertainthis/2015/10/30/mark-ruffalo-hulk-avengers-thor/74878150/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151101002724/http://www.usatoday.com/story/life/entertainthis/2015/10/30/mark-ruffalo-hulk-avengers-thor/74878150/ |archive-date=November 1, 2015 |access-date=November 25, 2015 |website=USA Today}}</ref> |
||
<ref name="RuffaloJuly2017">{{ |
<ref name="RuffaloJuly2017">{{Cite web |last=Knapp |first=JD |date=July 15, 2017 |title=Mark Ruffalo Sizes Up Chances of a Standalone 'Hulk' Movie: It 'Will Never Happen' |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/news/hulk-mark-ruffalo-avengers-infinity-war-disney-d23-1202496785/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716035534/http://variety.com/2017/film/news/hulk-mark-ruffalo-avengers-infinity-war-disney-d23-1202496785/ |archive-date=July 16, 2017 |access-date=July 16, 2017 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref> |
||
<ref name="HulkRightsFeb2006">{{ |
<ref name="HulkRightsFeb2006">{{Cite web |last=Zeitchik |first=Steven |date=February 23, 2006 |title=Marvel stock soars on rev outlook |url=https://variety.com/2006/scene/markets-festivals/marvel-stock-soars-on-rev-outlook-1117938775/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150418055613/http://variety.com/2006/scene/markets-festivals/marvel-stock-soars-on-rev-outlook-1117938775/ |archive-date=April 18, 2015 |access-date=February 6, 2018 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref> |
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<ref name="RuffaloYahooDec2015">{{ |
<ref name="RuffaloYahooDec2015">{{Cite web |last=Zakarin |first=Jordan |date=December 22, 2015 |title=You'll Like Him When He's Angry: Mark Ruffalo on Playing Mentally Ill and the Hulk's Difficult Future |url=https://www.yahoo.com/movies/mark-ruffalo-on-hulks-future-with-marvel-153059142.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223050154/https://www.yahoo.com/movies/mark-ruffalo-on-hulks-future-with-marvel-153059142.html |archive-date=December 23, 2015 |access-date=December 23, 2015 |publisher=[[Yahoo!]]}}</ref> |
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<ref name="RuffaloYahooJan2016">{{ |
<ref name="RuffaloYahooJan2016">{{Cite web |last=Butler |first=Tom |date=January 25, 2016 |title=Mark Ruffalo Promises Epic Arc For Hulk Across Thor 3 and Infinity War |url=https://news.yahoo.com/mark-ruffalo-promises-epic-arc-for-hulk-across-173437861.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160129041817/http://news.yahoo.com/mark-ruffalo-promises-epic-arc-for-hulk-across-173437861.html |archive-date=January 29, 2016 |access-date=January 28, 2016 |publisher=[[Yahoo!]]}}</ref> |
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<ref name="ProdNotes">{{Cite web|date=June 1, 2008 |title=THE INCREDIBLE HULK Production Notes |url=http://www.scifijapan.com/articles/2008/06/01/the-incredible-hulk-production-notes/ | |
<ref name="ProdNotes">{{Cite web |date=June 1, 2008 |title=THE INCREDIBLE HULK Production Notes |url=http://www.scifijapan.com/articles/2008/06/01/the-incredible-hulk-production-notes/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081005121906/http://www.scifijapan.com/articles/2008/06/01/the-incredible-hulk-production-notes/ |archive-date=October 5, 2008 |access-date=February 22, 2013 |publisher=SciFi Japan}}</ref> |
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<ref name="LATimesShade">{{Cite news | |
<ref name="LATimesShade">{{Cite news |last=Russo |first=Tom |date=June 15, 2008 |title=Making 2008's 'The Incredible Hulk' more than a shade better |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/la-ca-hulk15-2008jun15,0,413909.story |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080703010705/http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/la-ca-hulk15-2008jun15,0,413909.story |archive-date=July 3, 2008 |access-date=July 8, 2008 |work=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref> |
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<ref name="April2008Empire">{{Cite news| title |
<ref name="April2008Empire">{{Cite news |date=April 2008 |title=News Etc. |work=[[Empire (magazine)|Empire]] |pages=15–16}}</ref> |
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<ref name="IGNRoth">{{Cite news| |
<ref name="IGNRoth">{{Cite news |last=Collura |first=Scott |last2=Moro |first2=Eric |date=June 10, 2008 |title=The Incredible Blonsky |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2008/06/10/the-incredible-blonsky |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140414131421/http://www.ign.com/articles/2008/06/10/the-incredible-blonsky |archive-date=April 14, 2014 |access-date=July 8, 2008 |publisher=[[IGN]]}}</ref> |
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<ref name="VancouverSun">{{Cite news | |
<ref name="VancouverSun">{{Cite news |last=Andrews |first=Marke |date=April 11, 2008 |title=Vancouver's visual effects makers bulk up |url=http://www.canada.com/vancouversun/story.html?id=be3cd777-c4b8-4b3e-b6e8-b4fb4220dd3b&k=63189 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081220142941/http://www.canada.com/vancouversun/story.html?id=be3cd777-c4b8-4b3e-b6e8-b4fb4220dd3b&k=63189 |archive-date=December 20, 2008 |access-date=April 12, 2008 |work=[[The Vancouver Sun]]}}</ref> |
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<ref name="SFXfinesse">{{Cite news| |
<ref name="SFXfinesse">{{Cite news |last=McLean |first=Tom |date=October 9, 2008 |title=SFX Whizzes Make the Incredible Hulk a Credible Hulk |url=http://www.newsarama.com/film/081009-hulk-special-effects.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207024745/http://www.newsarama.com/film/081009-hulk-special-effects.html |archive-date=February 7, 2009 |access-date=October 14, 2008 |publisher=[[Newsarama]]}}</ref> |
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<ref name="AICNEditingBay">{{Cite news| |
<ref name="AICNEditingBay">{{Cite news |last=McWeeny |first=Drew |author-link=Drew McWeeny |date=May 26, 2008 |title=Moriarty Visits The Editing Room for The Incredible Hulk! |url=https://www.aintitcool.com/node/36874 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080528025101/http://www.aintitcool.com/node/36874 |archive-date=May 28, 2008 |access-date=May 27, 2008 |publisher=[[Ain't It Cool News]]}}</ref> |
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<ref name="MTVEyes">{{Cite news| |
<ref name="MTVEyes">{{Cite news |last=Adler |first=Shawn |date=March 12, 2008 |title='Incredible Hulk' Trailer: Shot-By-Shot Analysis Shows Green Guy Has Control Issues |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1583271/incredible-hulk-trailer-shot-by-shot-analysis-shows-green-guy-has-control-issues/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121026111239/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1583271/incredible-hulk-trailer-shot-by-shot.jhtml |archive-date=October 26, 2012 |access-date=March 13, 2008 |publisher=[[MTV]] News}}</ref> |
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<ref name="fxguide">{{ |
<ref name="fxguide">{{Cite web |last=Seymour |first=Mike |date=May 6, 2012 |title=VFX roll call for The Avengers (updated) |url=http://www.fxguide.com/featured/vfx-roll-call-for-the-avengers/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510024801/http://www.fxguide.com/featured/vfx-roll-call-for-the-avengers/ |archive-date=May 10, 2012 |access-date=May 15, 2012 |publisher=[[Fxguide]]}}</ref> |
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<ref name="AWN">{{ |
<ref name="AWN">{{Cite web |last=Desowitz |first=Bill |date=May 4, 2012 |title=Getting Animated Over The Avengers |url=http://www.awn.com/articles/visual-effects/getting-animated-over-avengers |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120508112035/http://www.awn.com/articles/visual-effects/getting-animated-over-avengers |archive-date=May 8, 2012 |access-date=May 6, 2012 |publisher=Animation World Network}}</ref> |
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<ref name="EWMar2017Plot">{{ |
<ref name="EWMar2017Plot">{{Cite magazine |last=Stack |first=Tim |date=March 9, 2017 |title=Thor: Ragnarok: Why does Thor have short hair? Where's his hammer? The plot revealed! |url=https://ew.com/movies/2017/03/09/thor-ragnarok-plot-reveal/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170309200205/http://ew.com/movies/2017/03/09/thor-ragnarok-plot-reveal/ |archive-date=March 9, 2017 |access-date=March 9, 2017 |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]}}</ref> |
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<ref name="RuffaloTR">{{ |
<ref name="RuffaloTR">{{Cite web |last=Kroll |first=Justin |date=October 15, 2015 |title=Mark Ruffalo to Appear as Hulk in 'Thor: Ragnarok' |url=https://variety.com/2015/film/news/mark-ruffalo-thor-ragnarok-hulk-1201619246/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016221519/http://variety.com/2015/film/news/mark-ruffalo-thor-ragnarok-hulk-1201619246/ |archive-date=October 16, 2015 |access-date=October 15, 2015 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref> |
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<ref name="DVDBecomingHulk">''Becoming the Hulk'', 2008 DVD featurette</ref> |
<ref name="DVDBecomingHulk">''Becoming the Hulk'', 2008 DVD featurette</ref> |
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<ref name="WaititiColliderSep2017">{{ |
<ref name="WaititiColliderSep2017">{{Cite web |last=Cook |first=Tommy |date=September 11, 2017 |title=Taika Waititi on 'Thor: Ragnarok', How the Story Changed When He Signed On, and More |url=https://collider.com/thor-ragnarok-taika-waititi-interview/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170911212900/http://collider.com/thor-ragnarok-taika-waititi-interview/ |archive-date=September 11, 2017 |access-date=September 12, 2017 |publisher=[[Collider (website)|Collider]]}}</ref> |
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<ref name="EW1">{{cite magazine|url=http://popwatch.ew.com/2010/07/29/avengers-new-hulk-mark-ruffalo|title={{-'}}Avengers': New Hulk Mark Ruffalo on replacing Edward Norton, plus Oscar buzz for 'The Kids Are All Right{{'-}}|last=Jensen|first=Jeff|date=July 29, 2010|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|access-date=August 2, 2010 |archive-date=December 16, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216062123/http://popwatch.ew.com/2010/07/29/avengers-new-hulk-mark-ruffalo |url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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<ref name="EWSDCC2017">{{cite magazine |url=https://ew.com/movies/2017/07/22/thor-ragnarok-trailer-comic-con/ |title=Hulk speaks in awesome new trailer for Thor: Ragnarok |last=Breznican |first=Anthony |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |date=July 22, 2017 |access-date=July 22, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170723052054/http://ew.com/movies/2017/07/22/thor-ragnarok-trailer-comic-con/ |archive-date=July 23, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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<ref name="Kimmel">{{cite news|author=[[Jimmy Kimmel Live!]] |title=Mark Ruffalo on Jimmy Kimmel Live Part 2 |via=[[YouTube]] |date=April 26, 2011 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1IJE4H2vRr4 |access-date=April 28, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512015541/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1IJE4H2vRr4 |archive-date=May 12, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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<ref name="NYMag">{{ |
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⚫ |
<ref name="RahnerReview">{{ |
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⚫ |
<ref name="LemireReview">{{Cite web |date=June 12, 2008 |title=Smashing 'Hulk' lacks heart |
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<ref name=" |
<ref name="EW1">{{Cite magazine |last=Jensen |first=Jeff |date=July 29, 2010 |title={{-'}}Avengers': New Hulk Mark Ruffalo on replacing Edward Norton, plus Oscar buzz for 'The Kids Are All Right{{'-}} |url=http://popwatch.ew.com/2010/07/29/avengers-new-hulk-mark-ruffalo |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216062123/http://popwatch.ew.com/2010/07/29/avengers-new-hulk-mark-ruffalo |archive-date=December 16, 2014 |access-date=August 2, 2010 |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]}}</ref> |
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<ref name=" |
<ref name="EWSDCC2017">{{Cite magazine |last=Breznican |first=Anthony |date=July 22, 2017 |title=Hulk speaks in awesome new trailer for Thor: Ragnarok |url=https://ew.com/movies/2017/07/22/thor-ragnarok-trailer-comic-con/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170723052054/http://ew.com/movies/2017/07/22/thor-ragnarok-trailer-comic-con/ |archive-date=July 23, 2017 |access-date=July 22, 2017 |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]}}</ref> |
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<ref name=" |
<ref name="Kimmel">{{Cite news |last=[[Jimmy Kimmel Live!]] |date=April 26, 2011 |title=Mark Ruffalo on Jimmy Kimmel Live Part 2 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1IJE4H2vRr4 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512015541/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1IJE4H2vRr4 |archive-date=May 12, 2014 |access-date=April 28, 2011 |via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> |
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⚫ | <ref name="NYMag">{{Cite news |last=Vilensky |first=Mike |date=September 24, 2010 |title=Mark Ruffalo on 'Actually' Playing the Hulk in The Avengers |url=https://www.vulture.com/2010/09/mark_ruffalo_on_actually_playi.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100925221429/http://nymag.com/daily/entertainment/2010/09/mark_ruffalo_on_actually_playi.html |archive-date=September 25, 2010 |access-date=May 30, 2022 |work=Vulture}}</ref> |
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<ref name="RuffaloHulkArc">{{ |
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⚫ | <ref name="RahnerReview">{{Cite news |last=Rahner |first=Mark |date=June 12, 2008 |title='The Incredible Hulk' brings out the best – and the beast – in Edward Norton |url=https://www.seattletimes.com/entertainment/movies/the-incredible-hulk-brings-out-the-best-8212-and-the-beast-8212-in-edward-norton/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014144821/http://seattletimes.com/html/movies/2004471790_hulk13.html |archive-date=October 14, 2012 |access-date=May 30, 2022 |work=[[The Seattle Times]]}}</ref> |
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<ref name="ColliderRuffaloBosemanMarch2018">{{ |
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⚫ | <ref name="LemireReview">{{Cite web |last=Lemire |first=Christy |date=June 12, 2008 |title=Smashing 'Hulk' lacks heart |url=http://tucsoncitizen.com/morgue/2008/06/12/88001-smashing-hulk-lacks-heart/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602143416/http://tucsoncitizen.com/morgue/2008/06/12/88001-smashing-hulk-lacks-heart/ |archive-date=June 2, 2013 |access-date=February 22, 2013 |website=[[Tucson Citizen]]}}</ref> |
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<ref name="RussoHulkScared">{{ |
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<ref name=" |
<ref name="Ruffalo2">{{Cite web |last=Risley |first=Matt |date=June 5, 2014 |title=Mark Ruffalo on his 'bigger, more complex' Hulk in Avengers: Age of Ultron |url=https://www.gamesradar.com/mark-ruffalo-on-his-bigger-more-complex-hulk-in-avengers-age-of-ultron/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606161816/http://www.totalfilm.com/news/mark-ruffalo-on-his-bigger-more-complex-hulk-in-avengers-age-of-ultron |archive-date=June 6, 2014 |access-date=May 30, 2022 |website=[[Total Film]] |publisher=GamesRadar+}}</ref> |
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<ref name=" |
<ref name="Ruffalo3">{{Cite magazine |last=Breznican |first=Anthony |date=July 21, 2014 |title=Mark Ruffalo on the foe Hulk needs for a stand-alone movie |url=https://ew.com/article/2014/07/21/mark-ruffalo-hulk-movie/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140722235108/http://insidemovies.ew.com/2014/07/21/mark-ruffalo-hulk-movie/ |archive-date=July 22, 2014 |access-date=May 30, 2022 |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]}}</ref> |
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<ref name=" |
<ref name="WaititiHulk">{{Cite web |last=Cornet |first=Roth |date=January 31, 2016 |title=Thor: Ragnarok director determined to make Thunder God more than just abs |url=https://uproxx.com/hitfix/thor-ragnarok-director-determined-to-make-thunder-god-more-than-just-abs/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201225738/http://www.hitfix.com/the-dartboard/thor-ragnarok-director-determined-to-make-thunder-god-more-than-just-abs |archive-date=February 1, 2016 |access-date=May 30, 2022 |publisher=[[Uproxx]]}}</ref> |
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⚫ | <ref name="RuffaloHulkArc">{{Cite web |last=Eisenberg |first=Eric |date=October 10, 2017 |title=Apparently Mark Ruffalo And Kevin Feige Have Planned A Special Trilogy for the Hulk |url=https://www.cinemablend.com/news/1712449/apparently-mark-ruffalo-and-kevin-feige-have-planned-a-special-trilogy-for-the-hulk |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011114751/https://www.cinemablend.com/news/1712449/apparently-mark-ruffalo-and-kevin-feige-have-planned-a-special-trilogy-for-the-hulk |archive-date=October 11, 2017 |access-date=October 10, 2017 |publisher=[[CinemaBlend]]}}</ref> |
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<ref name="WhedonDec2014">{{cite web|url=https://collider.com/joss-whedon-avengers-2-age-of-ultron-interview/|title=Joss Whedon Talks Hesitation to Return, New Additions to the Team, Collaborating with Marvel, and More on the Set of 'Avengers: Age of Ultron' |last=Weintraub|first=Steve|publisher=[[Collider (website)|Collider]] |date=December 17, 2014|access-date=December 17, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141217222151/http://collider.com/joss-whedon-avengers-2-age-of-ultron-interview/|archive-date=December 17, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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⚫ | <ref name="ColliderRuffaloBosemanMarch2018">{{Cite web |last=Keene |first=Allison |date=March 13, 2018 |title='Avengers: Infinity War': Chadwick Boseman and Mark Ruffalo on The Avengers Coming to Wakanda |url=https://collider.com/avengers-infinity-war-chadwick-boseman-mark-ruffalo-interview/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180313201027/http://collider.com/avengers-infinity-war-chadwick-boseman-mark-ruffalo-interview/ |archive-date=March 13, 2018 |access-date=March 13, 2018 |publisher=[[Collider (website)|Collider]]}}</ref> |
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<ref name="nydaily2012">{{Cite news| |
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⚫ | <ref name="RussoHulkScared">{{Cite web |last=Schwerdtfeger |first=Connor |date=May 7, 2018 |title=The Real Reason Why Hulk Won't Fight in Avengers: Infinity War, According To The Russo Brothers |url=https://www.cinemablend.com/news/2415671/the-real-reason-why-hulk-wont-fight-in-avengers-infinity-war-according-to-the-russo-brothers |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180507221404/https://www.cinemablend.com/news/2415671/the-real-reason-why-hulk-wont-fight-in-avengers-infinity-war-according-to-the-russo-brothers |archive-date=May 7, 2018 |access-date=July 26, 2018 |publisher=[[CinemaBlend]]}}</ref> |
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<ref name="newyorker2012">{{ |
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<ref name="IGNHulkOct2014">{{Cite web |last=Cornet |first=Roth |date=October 28, 2014 |title=Avengers: Age of Ultron Mark Ruffalo Says There's A Confrontation Coming Between The Hulk And Banner |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2014/10/28/avengers-age-of-ultron-mark-ruffalo-says-theres-a-confrontation-coming-between-the-hulk-and-banner?page=2 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141031033546/http://www.ign.com/articles/2014/10/28/avengers-age-of-ultron-mark-ruffalo-says-theres-a-confrontation-coming-between-the-hulk-and-banner?page=2 |archive-date=October 31, 2014 |access-date=November 3, 2014 |publisher=[[IGN]]}}</ref> |
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<ref name="villagevoice">{{ |
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<ref name= |
<ref name="FXGuidePart2">{{Cite web |last=Seymour |first=Mike |date=November 20, 2017 |title=Building Character with Thor (part2) |url=https://www.fxguide.com/featured/building-character-with-thor-part2/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171208004116/https://www.fxguide.com/featured/building-character-with-thor-part2/ |archive-date=December 8, 2017 |access-date=November 22, 2017 |publisher=[[FX Guide]]}}</ref> |
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<ref name=" |
<ref name="ColliderSep2017Trivia">{{Cite web |last=Cook |first=Tommy |date=September 7, 2017 |title=Everything You Need To Know About 'Thor: Ragnarok' |url=https://collider.com/thor-ragnarok-spoilers-trivia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170907200613/http://collider.com/thor-ragnarok-spoilers-trivia/ |archive-date=September 7, 2017 |access-date=September 7, 2017 |publisher=[[Collider (website)|Collider]]}}</ref> |
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<ref name=" |
<ref name="WhedonDec2014">{{Cite web |last=Weintraub |first=Steve |date=December 17, 2014 |title=Joss Whedon Talks Hesitation to Return, New Additions to the Team, Collaborating with Marvel, and More on the Set of 'Avengers: Age of Ultron' |url=https://collider.com/joss-whedon-avengers-2-age-of-ultron-interview/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141217222151/http://collider.com/joss-whedon-avengers-2-age-of-ultron-interview/ |archive-date=December 17, 2014 |access-date=December 17, 2014 |publisher=[[Collider (website)|Collider]]}}</ref> |
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⚫ | <ref name="nydaily2012">{{Cite news |last=Neumaier |first=Joe |date=April 30, 2012 |title=Review: Heroes are real Marvel in 'The Avengers{{'-}} |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/movies/movie-review-avengers-article-1.1068803 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825192231/http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/movies/movie-review-avengers-article-1.1068803 |archive-date=August 25, 2018 |access-date=May 5, 2012 |work=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]] |location=New York City}}</ref> |
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<ref name="2008TeenChoice">{{cite web|url=http://theenvelope.latimes.com/env-2008-teen-choice-awards-scorecard17jun17,0,2603341.htmlstory |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |publisher=[[Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]] |date=June 17, 2008 |access-date=August 6, 2013 |title=2008 Teen Choice Awards winners and nominees |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080912051322/http://theenvelope.latimes.com/env-2008-teen-choice-awards-scorecard17jun17%2C0%2C2603341.htmlstory |archive-date=September 12, 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |
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⚫ | <ref name="newyorker2012">{{Cite magazine |last=Lane |first=Anthony |author-link=Anthony Lane |date=May 4, 2012 |title=Double Lives |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2012/05/14/double-lives-2 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220403153129/https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2012/05/14/double-lives-2 |archive-date=April 3, 2022 |access-date=May 5, 2012 |magazine=[[The New Yorker]]}}</ref> |
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<ref name="2008NationalMovieAwards">{{Cite news|date=August 1, 2008 |title=Mamma Mia! leads film award nods |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7537665.stm |publisher=[[BBC News Online]] |access-date=August 24, 2008 |archive-date=August 2, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080802005622/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7537665.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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⚫ | <ref name="villagevoice">{{Cite news |last=Longworth |first=Karina |author-link=Karina Longworth |date=May 2, 2012 |title=Superheroes Bump Superegos in Joss Whedon's All-Star Avengers |url=https://www.villagevoice.com/2012/05/02/superheroes-bump-superegos-in-joss-whedons-all-star-avengers/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120504041237/http://www.villagevoice.com/2012-05-02/film/superheroes-bump-superegos-in-joss-whedon-s-all-star-avengers/ |archive-date=May 4, 2012 |access-date=May 30, 2022 |work=[[The Village Voice]] |quote=On ''The Avengers''{{'}} comparatively minute canvas of two and a half hours, Whedon effectively creates a sketch of a working universe and tells us that his characters are emotionally damaged but doesn't explore that damage in any substantive way.}}</ref> |
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<ref name="AccoTeenChoice">{{cite web |url=http://teenchoiceawards.com/pdf/TEENCHOICE2012WaveOneNoms.pdf |title=First Wave of 'Teen Choice 2012' Nominees Announced |publisher=[[Teen Choice Awards]] |date=May 18, 2012 |access-date=May 18, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120619221345/http://teenchoiceawards.com/pdf/TEENCHOICE2012WaveOneNoms.pdf |archive-date=June 19, 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |
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<ref name="rollz">{{Cite magazine |last=Travers |first=Peter |author-link=Peter Travers |date=April 30, 2012 |title=The Avengers |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/movie-reviews/the-avengers-118986/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120503141057/http://www.rollingstone.com/movies/reviews/the-avengers-20120430 |archive-date=May 3, 2012 |access-date=May 30, 2022 |magazine=[[Rolling Stone]]}}</ref> |
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<ref name="AccoTeenChoice2">{{cite news |first=Philiana |last=Ng |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/teen-choice-awards-breaking-dawn-snow-white-huntsman-337825/ |title=Teen Choice Awards 2012: 'Breaking Dawn,' 'Snow White' Lead Second Wave of Nominees |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=June 14, 2012 |access-date=May 30, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120615201747/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/teen-choice-awards-breaking-dawn-snow-white-huntsman-337825 |archive-date=June 15, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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<ref name="LATimes2">{{Cite news |last=Turan |first=Kenneth |author-link=Kenneth Turan |date=May 3, 2012 |title=Movie review: In 'The Avengers,' a Marvel-ous team |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/news/movies/la-et-avengers-20120503,0,1815592.story |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120815073615/http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/news/movies/la-et-avengers-20120503,0,1815592.story?track=rss |archive-date=August 15, 2012 |access-date=May 3, 2012 |work=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref> |
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<ref name="AccoTeenChoice3">{{cite news |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/teen-choice-awards-winners-2012_n_1693766 |title=Teen Choice Awards Winners 2012: 'Twilight,' 'The Vampire Diaries,' Justin Bieber Win Big |work=HuffPost |date=June 23, 2012 |access-date=May 30, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120723122649/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/07/23/teen-choice-awards-winners-2012_n_1693766.html |archive-date=July 23, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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<ref name="EW-review">{{Cite magazine |last=Gleiberman |first=Owen |date=May 16, 2012 |title=The Avengers |url=https://ew.com/article/2012/08/14/avengers-6/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220326001514/https://ew.com/article/2012/08/14/avengers-6/ |archive-date=March 26, 2022 |access-date=May 30, 2022 |magazine=Entertainment Weekly}}</ref> |
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⚫ | <ref name="MTVMovieAwardsWinners">{{Cite web |last=Ellwood |first=Gregory |date=April 14, 2013 |title=2013 MTV Movie Awards winners and nominees - complete list |url=https://uproxx.com/hitfix/2013-mtv-movie-awards-winners-and-nominees-complete-list/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130417083227/http://www.hitfix.com/in-contention/2013-mtv-movie-awards-winners-and-nominees-complete-list |archive-date=April 17, 2013 |access-date=May 30, 2022 |publisher=[[Uproxx]]}}</ref> |
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<ref name="MTVMovieAwardsBestHero">{{cite web |date=April 2, 2013 |title=MTV Movie Awards Soars With New Best Hero Category |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/2443334/mtv-movie-awards-best-hero/ |publisher=[[MTV News]] |access-date=April 14, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130405064441/http://moviesblog.mtv.com/2013/04/02/mtv-movie-awards-best-hero/ |archive-date=April 5, 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |
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<ref name="MTVMovieAwardsWinners">{{cite web |last=Ellwood |first=Gregory |date=April 14, 2013 |title=2013 MTV Movie Awards winners and nominees - complete list |url=https://uproxx.com/hitfix/2013-mtv-movie-awards-winners-and-nominees-complete-list/ |publisher=[[Uproxx]] |access-date=May 30, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130417083227/http://www.hitfix.com/in-contention/2013-mtv-movie-awards-winners-and-nominees-complete-list |archive-date=April 17, 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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Bruce Banner | |
---|---|
Marvel Cinematic Universe character | |
First appearance | The Incredible Hulk (2008) |
Based on | |
Adapted by | Zak Penn |
Portrayed by |
|
Voiced by | Mark Ruffalo (What If...?) |
In-universe information | |
Alias |
|
Title | Champion of Sakaar |
Occupation |
|
Affiliation |
|
Family |
|
Significant other |
|
Children | Skaar[c] |
Nationality | American |
Bruce Banner is a fictional character in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) media franchise originally portrayed by Edward Norton and subsequently by Mark Ruffalo—based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name—known commonly by his alter ego, the Hulk. Banner is depicted as a genius physicist who, after a failed experiment to replicate a super soldier program using gamma radiation, transforms into a large, muscular creature with green skin whenever his heart rate goes above 200 beats per minute or when facing mortal danger. As the Hulk, he possesses superhuman abilities, including increased strength and durability.
Over time, Banner demonstrates an increasing ability to control the transformation and becomes a founding member of the Avengers. Following the conflict with Ultron, Banner is unintentionally transported to Sakaar, where he remains the Hulk for several years until eventually returning to Earth during the conflict against Thanos. In the years following the Blip, Banner learns to retain the Hulk form with his mind still intact, and he is instrumental in the Avengers' mission using time travel to obtain the Infinity Stones from the past to undo Thanos' actions. Banner restores trillions of lives across the universe using the Stones in a specially-made gauntlet. Banner then participates in the final and victorious battle against Thanos. After his cousin Jennifer Walters is accidentally imbued with his blood, Banner trains her to handle her newfound "She-Hulk" transformation before departing again to Sakaar. He returns months later with his son, Skaar.
Banner is a central MCU character, having appeared in nine MCU films as of 2023, as well as the Disney+ streaming series She-Hulk: Attorney at Law. The character was introduced in the titular film The Incredible Hulk (2008), portrayed by Edward Norton before being recast to Mark Ruffalo. The character has been generally well-received by critics and audiences alike, but his inconsistent characterization has received some criticism. Additionally, Ruffalo voices several alternate versions of Banner in the animated series What If...?
Bruce Banner is a renowned scientist, physicist, and medical doctor with seven Ph.D.s. While working at Culver University, Virginia, Banner meets with General Thaddeus Ross, the father of his colleague and girlfriend Betty, regarding an experiment that Ross claims is meant to make humans immune to gamma radiation, a field in which Banner is an expert. The experiment — part of the World War II-era supersoldier program that Ross hopes to recreate — fails, and the exposure to the gamma radiation causes Banner to transform into the Hulk for the first time. The Hulk goes on a rampage, destroying the lab, killing three people and injuring several others. Banner subsequently becomes a fugitive from the U.S. military and Ross in particular, who wants to weaponize the Hulk process.
Five years later in 2010,[d] Banner works at a soda bottling factory in Rocinha, Rio de Janeiro while searching for a cure for his condition, collaborating on the internet with a colleague he knows only as "Mr. Blue", and to whom he is "Mr. Green". He also learns yoga techniques to help keep The Hulk under control and has not transformed in five months. After Banner cuts his finger, a drop of his blood falls into a bottle, and is eventually ingested by an elderly consumerinMilwaukee, Wisconsin, giving him gamma sickness. Ross tracks down Banner, sending a special forces team led by Russian-born British Royal Marine Emil Blonsky to capture him. Banner transforms into the Hulk and defeats Blonsky's team. Blonsky agrees to be injected with a similar serum, which gives him enhanced speed, strength, agility, and healing, but also begins to deform his skeleton and impair his judgment.
Banner returns to Culver University and reunites with Betty, but is attacked a second time by Ross and Blonsky's forces, again transforming into the Hulk. The Hulk seemingly kills Blonsky and flees with Betty. After the Hulk reverts to Banner, he and Betty go on the run, and Banner contacts Mr. Blue, who urges them to meet him in New York City. Mr. Blue, revealed to be cellular biologist Dr. Samuel Sterns, has developed a possible antidote to Banner's condition. After a successful test, he warns Banner that the antidote may only reverse each individual transformation. Sterns reveals he has synthesized Banner's blood samples, which Banner sent from Brazil, into a large supply, with the intention of applying its "limitless potential" to medicine. Fearful of the Hulk's power falling into the military's hands, Banner wishes to destroy the blood supply. Banner is caught, and Blonsky has Sterns use Banner's blood to turn him into the Abomination. Blonsky then rampages through Harlem. Realizing that only the Hulk can stop Blonsky, Banner jumps from Ross' helicopter and transforms after hitting the ground. After a long and brutal battle through Harlem, the Hulk defeats Blonsky and flees. Banner soon ends his relationship with Betty, realizing it can no longer work. A month later, in Bella Coola, British Columbia, Banner successfully transforms in a controlled manner.
In 2012, Banner is working as a doctor in Calcutta when he is approached by S.H.I.E.L.D. agent Natasha Romanoff, who recruits him to help trace the Tesseract through its gamma radiation emissions. Going with Romanoff, Banner is introduced to Steve Rogers and S.H.I.E.L.D. director Nick Fury. He is on the Quinjet when Loki is captured by Tony Stark and Rogers. After Loki's brother Thor agrees to place Loki in a cell on S.H.I.E.L.D.'s Helicarrier, agents including Clint Barton mind-controlled by Loki attack the Helicarrier, causing Banner to transform into the Hulk and almost kill Romanoff. Thor attempts to stop the Hulk's rampage, with Hulk falling to the ground after attacking a S.H.I.E.L.D. fighter jet. In New York City, Banner meets up with Rogers, Stark, Thor, Romanoff, and Barton, becoming a founding member of the Avengers. After the alien species of the Chitauri invade, Banner reveals to Rogers that he is "always angry", immediately transforming into the Hulk and stopping a Leviathan. During the battle, he fights the Chitauri, beats Loki into submission in Stark Tower, and saves Stark from crashing into the ground after losing power through the wormhole.
After the Battle of New York, Banner forms a close friendship with Stark and works with him closely, even requesting him to build an anti-Hulk armor to stop him in case he loses control and goes on a rampage. In 2013, Stark shared stories of his experience with the Extremis formula with Banner while they are relaxing in the Tower, seeking advice. Banner falls asleep during it, stating that he was not "that kind of doctor".
In 2015, Banner and the Avengers raid a Hydra facility in Sokovia and retrieve the scepter. At the Avengers Tower, Stark and Banner discover an artificial intelligence within the scepter's gem, and secretly decide to use it to complete Stark's "Ultron" global defense program. After a celebratory party, Ultron becomes sentient and attacks Banner and the Avengers at the Tower, before escaping. In Johannesburg, Banner and the Avengers try to stop Ultron, but are subdued by Wanda Maximoff who uses haunting visions to cause the Hulk to rampage in the city until Stark stops him with his Hulkbuster armor. Banner and the Avengers travel to Barton's home to recover, where Romanoff and Banner develop a mutual attraction. While there, Fury arrives and persuades the Avengers to make a plan to stop Ultron, resulting in Romanoff being captured and taken to Sokovia. Back at the Avengers Tower, Banner and the others have a confrontation after they learn about the creation of the Vision, but after Thor powers him, they learn Vision is an ally. Banner leaves the team to rescue Romanoff and transforms into the Hulk in order to fight Ultron. After the final battle with Ultron in Sokovia, the Hulk departs in a Quinjet and leaves Earth.
After Hulk is lost in space, the Quinjet crash lands on the landfill planet Sakaar. He is taken in by the Grandmaster of Sakaar, who forces him to fight against other contestants in gladiatorial combat. He rises the ranks, remaining undefeated and winning the admiration of the people of Sakaar, and becoming the Grandmaster's "Champion".
In 2017, Hulk fights the next contestant, Thor, who had crashed on the planet and had been captured by Valkyrie. Summoning lightning, Thor gains the upper hand on Hulk, but the Grandmaster sabotages the fight to ensure Hulk's victory. Still enslaved, Thor attempts to convince Hulk to help him save Asgard from Ragnarok, and then escapes the palace to find the crashed remains of the Quinjet. Hulk follows Thor to the Quinjet, where a recording of Romanoff makes him transform back into Banner for the first time in two years. Banner is shocked to learn that he is in space and expresses fear that if he becomes the Hulk again, he will never be able to return to his human form. Banner and Thor work with Valkyrie and Loki to escape Sakaar to Asgard, where Banner becomes Hulk again to save refugee Asgardians from the giant wolf, Fenris. As Asgard is destroyed by Surtur, the Hulk accompanies Thor, Valkyrie, Loki, and the Asgardians on the Statesman, a Sakaaran vessel bound for Earth.
In 2018, Thanos and the Children of Thanos intercept the Statesman to extract the Space Stone from the Tesseract. Hulk fights Thanos, but is overpowered. Heimdall uses the Bifröst Bridge to send Hulk straight to Earth, and Hulk crash-lands at the New York SanctumofStephen Strange and Wong in New York City, reverting to Banner. Banner then warns Strange about Thanos, who contacts Stark. When Ebony Maw and Cull Obsidian arrive in New York in pursuit of the Time Stone, Banner tries to become the Hulk, but is unable to do so; Hulk is no longer willing to emerge out of fear. He goes to the Avengers Compound for the first time reuniting with James Rhodes and later with Rogers, Romanoff, Sam Wilson, Maximoff, and Vision. He joins the team to Wakanda on their Quinjet, where he uses Stark's Hulkbuster armor to battle the Outriders and manages to get the upper hand on Obsidian. He is pleased when Thor, Rocket Raccoon, and Groot arrive to help. In the forest, he witnesses Thanos's arrival, and is promptly trapped in rocks by Thanos and unable to fight back. After Thanos activates the Infinity Gauntlet and teleports away, Banner is a survivor of the Blip.
Banner, the surviving Avengers, and Rocket return to the Compound and are shortly met by Carol Danvers.[e] Afterwards, Banner, Rogers, Romanoff, Rhodes, Rocket, and Potts witnesses Danvers returning Stark and Nebula back to the Compound. Banner reunites with him, helping him get sedated and rest. He then accompanies the surviving Avengers, Danvers, Rocket, and Nebula back into space to the planet Titan II to confront Thanos only to find out he destroyed the Infinity Stones.[f]
In between 2018 and 2023, Banner undergoes gamma experimentation to balance his two sides in a remote beach house lab located in Mexico built by Stark.[g] By 2023, he is now permanently in the body of the Hulk but with the mind and voice of Banner.[1] He meets Rogers, Romanoff, and Scott Lang at a diner and agrees to help them with their quantum time-travel plan. At the Avengers Compound, they try to time-travel Lang using the quantum tunnel in Lang's borrowed van but are unsuccessful. After Stark arrives and offers his help, Banner and Rocket travel to Norway in the Benatar to New Asgard. Banner reunites with Valkyrie and meets Korg and Miek at Thor's hut, while recruiting a depressed drunken Thor to return to help the Avengers. Back at the Compound, the Avengers formulate a plan to retrieve alternate Infinity Stones. Banner, Rogers, Stark, and Lang time-travel via the Quantum Realm to an alternate 2012 in New York City. There Banner gets the Time Stone from an alternate variant of the Ancient One (to whom he promises to return the Stones to their respective periods in time when the Avengers are done with their mission).
Banner then returns to the main timeline, but is devastated to learn of Romanoff's death, who had to sacrifice herself to retrieve the Soul Stone. After mourning her with the original Avengers, Banner, Stark, and Rocket combine the Stones with the Nano- Gauntlet. Banner then volunteers to activate the Infinity Stones, citing his general strength and his specific resistance to gamma radiation. He does so and reverses the Blip, though his right arm gets seriously injured in the process. After doing so, an alternate version of Thanos emerges from the quantum realm and bombs the Compound, causing Banner, Rocket, and Rhodes to be trapped in rubble, until they are saved by Lang. He then takes part in the final battle against alternate Thanos and his alien army, who are eventually defeated when Stark uses the Infinity Stones, at the cost of his own life. A week later, Banner attends Stark's funeral, and then prepares a new quantum portal so that Rogers can return the alternate Infinity Stones and Mjolnir. He, Bucky Barnes, and Wilson witness an elderly Rogers return and give a new version of the shield to Wilson.
By 2024, Banner creates a device to heal his arm, keeping him in human form,[2][better source needed] and wears a sling due to the injury he sustained while reversing the Blip, though the scarring has healed. That year, Banner, along with Danvers, is called by Wong via hologram to speak with Shang-Chi about the ten rings that belonged to his father.
Banner and his cousin, lawyer Jennifer Walters, go on a road trip in California but are intercepted by a Sakaaran eight-courier craft ship, causing Walters to crash the car. Banner bleeds, and his blood is accidentally cross-contamined with Walters', resulting in Walters transforming into a Hulk and running away; Banner eventually retrieves her and uses the lethal gamma dose she took to completely heal his arm. In Mexico, Banner trains Walters on controlling her Hulk form, however she rejects the idea of being a superhero and wants to return to her legal career. The pair get into a fight and Banner eventually accepts Walters wanting to leave and bids her farewell.
In 2025, Banner takes off in the Sakaaran spaceship to investigate the message from the car crash and return to Sakaar; while there, he receives a call from Walters and encourages her to take on the case of representing Blonsky, as they have made amends. Banner also indicates approval of Walters' new superhero name "She-Hulk", given to her by the media, saying that "She-Hulk, attorney-at-law" has a nice ring to it.
Later, Banner returns to Earth with his son, Skaar. They crash a family gathering in Los Angeles where he introduces Skaar to Walters, her parents, their cousin, aunts and uncles, and Matt Murdock.
Other versions of Banner are depicted in the alternate realities of the MCU multiverse.
In an alternate 2012, Banner, as the Hulk, and the Avengers defeat the Chitauri army during the Battle of New York. After defeating Loki at Stark Tower, Banner complains that he has to take the stairs and not the elevator like the others. When he gets to the bottom level, he bumps into Earth-616 Stark causing him to drop his briefcase.
Several alternate versions of Banner appear in the animated series What If...?, with Ruffalo reprising his role.
The Hulk first appeared as a comic book character in The Incredible Hulk #1 (cover dated May 1962), written by Stan Lee, penciled and co-plotted by Jack Kirby,[3][4] and inkedbyPaul Reinman. Lee cited influence from Frankenstein[5] and Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde in the Hulk's creation,[6] while Kirby recalled as inspiration the tale of a mother who rescues her child who is trapped beneath a car.[7] Lee gave the Hulk's alter ego the alliterative name "Bruce Banner" because he found he had less difficulty remembering alliterative names.[8] The Hulk was initially grey, but coloring problems led to the creature being made green.[9] Banner and his alter ego appeared in a 1978 live-action TV series, and in a 2003 film that received mixed reviews,[10] with Marvel Studios regaining the film production rights for the character in February 2006.[11]
In the mid-2000s, Kevin Feige realized that Marvel still owned the rights to the core members of the Avengers, which now included Hulk. Feige, a self-professed "fanboy", envisioned creating a shared universe just as creators Stan Lee and Jack Kirby had done with their comic books in the early 1960s.[12] Louis Leterrier, who had expressed interest in directing Iron Man, was brought on board to direct, with a screenplay by Zak Penn intended to serve as a loose sequel to the 2003 film, but keeping the story closer to the comics and the 1978 television series.[13] David Duchovny was a front-runner for the film,[14] and Leterrier's original choice for the role was Mark Ruffalo.[15] In April 2007, Edward Norton was hired to portray Banner and to rewrite Penn's screenplay in order to distance itself from the 2003 film and establish its own identity as a reboot, although he would go uncredited for his writing. Producer Gale Anne Hurd recalled Norton's portrayals of duality in Primal Fear and Fight Club,[16] while Norton reminded Kevin FeigeofBill Bixby, who had played Banner in the 1978 TV series.[17] Lou Ferrigno, who played the Hulk with Bixby, remarked Norton "has a similar physique [and a] similar personality".[18] Norton was a Hulk fan, citing the first comic appearances, the Bixby TV show, and Bruce Jones' run on the comic, as his favorite depictions of the character.[19][20] He had expressed interest in the role for the first film.[13] He initially turned down the part, recalling "there [was] the wince factor or the defensive part of you that recoils at what the bad version of what that would be", as he felt the previous film "strayed far afield from a story that was familiar to people, [...] which is a fugitive story". When he met Leterrier and Marvel, he liked their vision, and believed they were looking to him to guide the project.[21] During the 2008 New York Comic Con Leterrier publicly offered Ferrigno the chance to voice the Hulk for the film.[22] Originally, the Hulk's only line was "Betty" at the film's ending, which would have been his first word. Leterrier was aware that fans wanted him to speak normally, and added "leave me alone" and "Hulk smash!" The latter line received cheers during a screening he attended.[23]
Mark Ruffalo began his role as Banner / Hulk in The Avengers, after Feige said he chose not to bring back Norton.[24][25] Norton has since asserted that it was his own decision never to play Hulk again because he "wanted more diversity" with his career, and did not want to be associated with only one character.[26] Screen Rant has noted that, in part due to the change in actors, "many forget that Incredible Hulk is even canon within the MCU".[27] In April 2012, despite Ruffalo being on board to play the Hulk in the sequel, Feige confirmed to Collider that Marvel had no plans at that time to film another Hulk film.[28] In a Q&A session, Feige and Ruffalo confirmed that discussions were underway to produce another Hulk film due to the positive audience response to Ruffalo's performance in The Avengers.[29] However, Universal retained the distribution rights for The Incredible Hulk as well as the right of first refusal to distribute future Hulk films.[30] In September 2012, Feige, while exploring all possible story options for a sequel film, including a film based on the "Planet Hulk" and "World War Hulk" storylines, stated, "everything [in terms of stories from the comics] is on the table. Do I think Hulk can carry a movie and be as entertaining as he was in Avengers? I do believe that. I do believe he absolutely could. We certainly are not even going to attempt that until Avengers 2. So there's a lot of time to think about it".[31]
In June 2014, Ruffalo said he believed the studio might be considering doing a new standalone Hulk film, saying, "I think they are, for the first time, entertaining the idea of it. When we did The Avengers it was basically 'No!', and now there is some consideration for it. But there's still nothing definitive, not even a skeletal version of what it would be".[32] In July, Feige stated that the studio was not considering a "Planet Hulk" film at that time, due to wanting to feature Ruffalo's Banner in the film. However, he did not rule out a story that saw the Hulk and Banner end up in space and explained why a solo Hulk film did not occur in Phase Two of the MCU by saying, "After the first Avengers, Iron Man had his own movie, Thor had his own movie, Captain America had his own movie, and Widow and Fury were in The Winter Soldier. So it was really about, frankly, saving somebody so that the only place you could get Hulk between Avengers movies is the next Avengers movie, so [director Joss Whedon] could continue to play with that in [Avengers: Age of Ultron]. Where we go after that, we'll see".[33]
In April 2015, Ruffalo noted that Universal holding the distribution rights to Hulk films may be an obstacle to releasing a future Hulk standalone film[34] and reiterated this in October 2015,[35] and July 2017.[36] According to The Hollywood Reporter, a potential reason why Marvel has not reacquired the film distribution rights to the Hulk as they did with Paramount Pictures for the Iron Man, Thor, and Captain America films is that Universal holds the theme park rights to several Marvel characters that Marvel's parent company, Disney, wants for its own theme parks.[37] In December 2015, Ruffalo stated that the strained relationship between Marvel and Universal may be another obstacle to releasing a future standalone Hulk film.[38] The following month, he indicated that the lack of a standalone Hulk film allowed the character to play a more prominent role in Thor: Ragnarok, Avengers: Infinity War, and Avengers: Endgame, stating, "We've worked a really interesting arc into Thor[: Ragnarok], Avengers[: Infinity War], and [Avengers: Endgame] for Banner that I think will—when it's all added up—will feel like a Hulk movie, a standalone movie".[39]
Charles Pulliam-Moore, writing for Gizmodo, said of the earlier MCU films that "[w]hile there are a number of storylines from Marvel's comics that delve deeper into the duality of Banner/Hulk's identity... Marvel's movies have forgone those plot lines in favor of trotting Bruce out to babble about science and break things when necessary".[40] One specific difference from the comic books is Banner's involvement in the creation of Ultron and the Vision, a character who in the comics was created solely by Ultron. The Vision, in the films, is created as a counter to Ultron, who had previously been created by Stark and Bruce Banner. In the comics, however, Ultron is created by a different member of the Avengers, Hank Pym.[41]
Due to the lack of freestanding films about the Hulk, the character has been depicted in very few of the storylines shown in the comic books. In particular, the "Planet Hulk" storyline from the comic books is highly condensed and worked into Thor: Ragnarok; the comic book storyline has the heroes of Earth intentionally sending the Hulk into space due to his excessively dangerous nature,[42] while the MCU Hulk leaves Earth of his own accord. The merged Banner/Hulk storyline depicted in Avengers: Endgame also differs from the comics, where a comparable merger was accomplished by hypnosis performed by superhero psychiatrist Doc Samson.[43] In the MCU, Banner accomplishes the merger by himself, through experimentation with gamma radiation.
Edward Norton portrays Bruce Banner in The Incredible Hulk (2008),[44] with Lou Ferrigno providing the voice of the Hulk.[45] Mark Ruffalo took on the role of Banner in The Avengers (2012),[46][47] where the voice of the Hulk was a mix of Ruffalo, Ferrigno and few others,[48] though the Hulk's single line of dialogue, "Puny god", was provided solely by Ruffalo.[49] Mike Seymour of FX Guide called Ruffalo's Hulk "the most successful Hulk" in comparison to "the less than fully successful earlier attempts at digital Hulks." Seymour explained, "Ang Lee's 2003 Hulk and Louis Leterrier's The Incredible Hulk both failed in producing a Hulk that could walk the digital tightrope of impressive near undefeatable strength, huge body mass, fast agile movement, raw anger and likable performance." He stated that on contrary Ruffalo's Hulk had "both dynamic action sequences and crowd pleasing moments of humor and dialogue". In order to achieve this, Industrial Light & Magic created a new motion capture and facial animation system. Hulk's face was generated from a life cast / scan of Ruffalo's face, which was then manipulated in the program ZBrush to become the Hulk, while making sure to retain Ruffalo's essence.[50] Ruffalo reprised the role in Iron Man 3 (2013),[51] Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015),[52] Thor: Ragnarok (2017),[53] Avengers: Infinity War (2018), Captain Marvel (2019),[54] Avengers: Endgame (2019), and Shang-Chi and the Legend of the Ten Rings (2021).[55]
A sequel to The Incredible Hulk has been discussed, with Marvel Studios having suggested a possible release after Avengers: Age of Ultron due to the positive audience reception towards Ruffalo's portrayal of Banner in The Avengers.[56] Ruffalo is set to reprise his role in any future adaptation of the character.[47] In June 2014, Ruffalo said he believed the studio might be considering doing a new standalone Hulk film, saying, "I think they are, for the first time, entertaining the idea of it. When we did The Avengers it was basically 'No!', and now there is some consideration for it. But there's still nothing definitive, not even a skeletal version of what it would be."[57] In December 2014, Joss Whedon said despite the positive reception to Ruffalo, a new solo Hulk film had not been announced because Marvel wished to have a character that only appears in Avengers films.[58] In April 2015, Ruffalo told Collider that Universal holding the distribution rights to Hulk films may be an obstacle to releasing a future Hulk standalone film.[34] Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures regained the film distribution rights to The Incredible Hulk and future solo Hulk films in June 2023, coinciding with the film's release on Disney+.[59]
Archival footage of the character appears in "Glorious Purpose", the first episode of the Disney+ television series Loki (2021). Ruffalo voices alternate versions of Banner in the Disney+ animated series What If...? (2021–2023).[60] Ruffalo reprised his role in She-Hulk: Attorney at Law (2022).[61]
Ruffalo reprised his role as Bruce Banner in the non-canon short film Team Thor (2016).
For The Incredible Hulk, Louis Leterrier stated that Edward Norton's rewrite of the script "has given Bruce's story real gravitas", explaining that "just because we're making a superhero movie it doesn't have to just appeal to 13-year-old boys. Ed and I both see superheroes as the new Greek gods".[62] In taking up the character for The Avengers, Mark Ruffalo said, "He's a guy struggling with two sides of himself—the dark and the light—and everything he does in his life is filtered through issues of control. I grew up on the Bill Bixby TV series, which I thought was a really nuanced and real human way to look at the Hulk. I like that the part has those qualities".[63] Regarding the Hulk's place on the team, Ruffalo said, "He's like the teammate none of them are sure they want on their team. He's a loose cannon. It's like, 'Just throw a grenade in the middle of the group and let's hope it turns out well!"[64]
ByAge of Ultron, Ruffalo stated that his character had grown since the previous film and was "a bit more complex",[65] with a confrontation brewing between Banner and the Hulk: "There's a very cool thing happening: Hulk is as afraid of Banner as Banner is afraid of Hulk.. and they have got to come to peace somehow with each other."[66] While filming in London, Ruffalo said that Whedon still had not given him any of the Hulk's lines.[67] Whedon later explained that he writes the Hulk's dialogue spontaneously, saying, "What makes the Hulk so hard to write is that you're pretending he's a werewolf when he's a superhero. You want it vice versa... So the question is, how has he progressed? How can we bring changes on what the Hulk does? And that's not just in the screenplay, that's moment to moment."[58] When the character next appears in Thor: Ragnarok, two years have passed since Age of Ultron, and Hulk has become a successful and popular gladiator on Sakaar,[68][69] having suppressed the Banner side in those years. He is forming the vocabulary "of a toddler",[70] with the level of Hulk's speech being "a big conversation" between director Taika Waititi and Marvel since it was taking into account future appearances for the character:[71] Ragnarok begins an arc for the character that continues in Avengers: Infinity War (2018) and Avengers: Endgame (2019).[72] Ruffalo felt Hulk had "a swagger" in the film, and was "much more of a character than the green rage machine" seen in the first two Avengers films.[68]
The Hulk only appears briefly at the beginning of Infinity War, with Bruce Banner spending the film trying to reintegrate with the Avengers, and to "impress upon everybody how dangerous Thanos is".[73] Joe Russo felt the Hulk refusing to appear for much of the film was only partially because he was scared, but also because he realizes that "Banner only wants Hulk for fighting. I think he's had enough of saving Banner's ass." Russo added that this was "really reflective of the journey from Ragnarok... [where] these two characters are constantly in conflict with each other over control."[74] The difference between Hulk and Banner is intended to be shown as "starting to blur a little bit". Ruffalo described Hulk in Infinity War as having the mental capacity of a five-year-old.[73] Despite the lack of further standalone films, "Bruce and the Hulk have managed to eke out a character arc in the six years since The Avengers", with Thor: Ragnarok and Infinity War highlighting an ongoing battle for control of which persona will manifest, expected to be resolved in Avengers: Endgame.[27]InAvengers: Endgame, the Bruce Banner and the Hulk personalities are shown to have reconciled and merged into Professor Hulk, who has the strength of the Hulk but the intelligence of Bruce Banner.[75][40]
In filming The Incredible Hulk, Leterrier cited Andy Serkis' motion capture portrayals of Gollum and King KonginThe Lord of the Rings and King Kong, respectively, as the standard for which he was aiming.[76] Norton and Roth filmed 2500 takes of different movements the monsters would make (such as the Hulk's "thunder claps").[77] Phosphorescent face paint applied to the actors' faces and strobe lighting would help record the most subtle mannerisms into the computer.[78] Others including Cyril Raffaelli provided motion capture for stunts and fights,[79] after the main actors had done video referencing.[80] Leterrier hired Rhythm and Hues to provide the CGI, rather than Industrial Light & Magic (ILM) who created the visual effects for Ang Lee's Hulk. Visual effect company, Image Engine, spent over a year working on a shot where Banner's gamma-irradiated blood falls through three factory floors into a bottle.[81] Overall 700 effects shots were created. Motion capture aided in placing and timing of movements, but overall key frame animation by Rhythm and Hues provided the necessary "finesse [and] superhero quality".[82]
Dale Keown's comic book artwork of the Hulk was an inspiration for his design.[76] Leterrier felt the first Hulk had "too much fat [and] the proportions were a little off". He explained, "The Hulk is beyond perfect so there is zero grams of fat, all chiseled, and his muscle and strength defines this creature so he's like a tank."[76] Visual effects supervisor Kurt Williams envisioned the Hulk's physique as a linebacker rather than a bodybuilder. A height of nine feet was chosen for the character as they did not want him to be too inhuman. To make him more expressive, computer programs controlling the inflation of his muscles and saturation of skin color were created. Williams cited flushing as an example of humans' skin color being influenced by their emotions.[77] The animators felt green blood would make his skin become darker rather than lighter, and his skin tones, depending on lighting, either resemble an olive or even gray slate.[78] His animation model was completed without the effects company's full knowledge of what he would be required to do: he was rigged to do whatever they imagined, in case the model was to be used for The Avengers film.[82] The Hulk's medium-length hair was modeled on Mike Deodato's art.[82] He originally had a crew cut, but Leterrier decided flopping hair imbued him with more character.[80] Leterrier cited An American Werewolf in London as the inspiration for Banner's transformation, wanting to show how painful it was for him to change.[83] As a nod to the live action TV series, Banner's eyes change color first when he transforms.[84]
The Avengers was the first production in which the actor playing Banner also plays the Hulk. Ruffalo told New York magazine, "I'm really excited. No one's ever played the Hulk exactly; they've always done CGI. They're going to do the Avatar stop-action, stop-motion capture. So I'll actually play the Hulk. That'll be fun".[85] The 3D model used to create the Hulk's body was modeled after Long Island bodybuilder and male stripper Steve Romm, while the Hulk's face was modeled after Ruffalo.[citation needed] To create the on-screen Hulk, Ruffalo performed in a motion-capture suit on set with the other actors while four motion-capture HD cameras (two full body, two focused on his face) captured his face and body movements.[50] ILM returned to create the digital Hulk. Jeff White, ILM's visual effects supervisor, said, "We really wanted to utilize everything we've developed the last 10 years and make it a pretty spectacular Hulk. One of the great design decisions was to incorporate Mark Ruffalo into the look of him. So, much of Hulk is based on Ruffalo and his performance, not only in motion capture and on set, but down to his eyes, his teeth, and his tongue."[86]
For Thor: Ragnarok, ILM had to add much more detail to the character's facial features, due to the Hulk's increased dialogue. ILM visual effects supervisor Chad Wiebe explained that Ruffalo's expressions were captured fresh for the film using Medusa, a performance capture technology. With 90 different expressions captured, ILM "built an entirely new library that would allow [Hulk] to cover a full range of normal human visual characteristics."[87] To help create the Hulk, a person on set was covered in green body paint, and would replicate the intended motions of the character to aid the visual effect artists.[88] Additionally, stunt actor Paul Lowe, who is under 5 feet (1.5 m) tall, stood in for Hemsworth during some of his interactions with the Hulk so that the Hulk's stunt men would be proportionally correct. In some instances when Thor and the Hulk interacted, a digital double was used for Thor, also created by ILM, to have greater flexibility for the shots. ILM worked on all of the Hulk moments in the film outside the final fight sequence, which was completed by Framestore using ILM's assets, as Framestore was primarily responsible for rigging that sequence. Framestore completed nearly 460 shots, which featured digital doubles of Thor and Hela, Fenris, Korg, Miek, the giant Surtur at the end of the film, and over 9,000 buildings for Asgard, based on assets D Negative had from The Dark World, resulting in over 263 character, vehicle, prop, and crowd rigs.[87] Taika Waititi also provided additional motion capture for the Hulk after Ruffalo had completed his scenes.[89]
With respect to Bruce Banner's regular appearance, his fashion sense has been critiqued with the observation that "in just about every appearance, he's wearing a nondescript suit with a purple button down shirt".[90] By contrast, Banner's "Professor Hulk" appearance in Avengers: Endgame, including his penchant for knit sweaters, has been described as "hot" and "sexy".[91]
Norton's performance as Banner received a generally positive reception. Reviewing The Incredible Hulk, Mark Rahner of The Seattle Times wrote that, "The relaunch of Marvel's green goliath is an improvement over director Ang Lee's ponderous 2003 Hulk in nearly every way—except that the actual Hulk still looks scarcely better than something from a video game, and he still barely talks".[92] Conversely, Christy Lemire of the Associated Press found that "the inevitable comparisons to Iron Man, Marvel Studios' first blockbuster this summer, serve as a glaring reminder of what this Hulk lacks: wit and heart. Despite the presence of Edward Norton, an actor capable of going just as deep as Robert Downey Jr., we don't feel a strong sense of Bruce Banner's inner conflict".[93]
Mark Ruffalo's portrayal of Dr. Bruce Banner/the Hulk in The Avengers was well received by commentators. Joe Neumaier opined that his performance was superior to the rest of the cast; "Ruffalo is the revelation, turning Banner into a wry reservoir of calm ready to become a volcano."[94] Similarly, The New Yorker's Anthony Lane proclaimed Ruffalo's acting to be one of the film's highlights—alongside Downey.[95] The Village Voice's Karina Longworth concluded: "Ruffalo successfully refreshes the Hulk myth, playing Banner as an adorably bashful nerd-genius who, in contrast to the preening hunks on the team, knows better than to draw attention to himself."[96] Travers asserted that the actor resonated a "scruffy warmth and humor" vibe,[97] while Turan felt that he surpassed predecessors Edward Norton and Eric Bana in playing the character.[98] Owen Gleiberman of Entertainment Weekly wrote that "the smartest thing the filmmakers did was to get Mark Ruffalo to play Bruce Banner as a man so sensitive that he's at war, every moment, with himself. (The film finally solves the Hulk problem: He's a lot more fun in small doses)".[99]
Year | Film | Actor | Award | Category | Result | Ref(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2008 | The Incredible Hulk | Edward Norton | National Movie Awards | Best Performance – Male | Nominated | [100] |
Scream Awards | Best Fantasy Actor | Nominated | [101] | |||
Best Superhero | Nominated | |||||
2012 | The Avengers | Mark Ruffalo | Teen Choice Awards | Choice Movie Hissy Fit | Nominated | [102] |
2013 | Visual Effects Society Awards | Outstanding Animated Character in a Live Action Feature Motion Picture | Nominated | |||
MTV Movie Awards | Best On-Screen Duo (with Robert Downey Jr.) | Nominated | [104] | |||
Best Fight (with cast) | Won | |||||
Best Hero | Nominated | |||||
2016 | Avengers: Age of Ultron | 43rd Annie Awards | Outstanding Achievement, Character Animation in a Live Action Production | Nominated | [105] | |
MTV Movie Awards | Best Fight (with Robert Downey Jr.) | Nominated | [106] | |||
2018 | Thor: Ragnarok | MTV Movie & TV Awards | Best Fight (with Chris Hemsworth) | Nominated | [107] | |
Teen Choice Awards | Choice Movie Actor: Sci-Fi/Fantasy | Nominated | [108] | |||
Avengers: Infinity War | Teen Choice Awards | Choice Hissy Fit | Nominated | [108] |
...despite obtaining the cinematic rights to make Hulk movies, Marvel did not obtain distribution rights. Universal held those rights... the exact situation is that Universal currently retains the right of first refusal to distribute any Hulk films in the future. If for some reason Universal chose to forgo distribution, then Disney would immediately pick up the distribution rights for the Hulk movie.
Finally I thought, 'I just have to work with human voices.' ... I just started playing combinations and I would give them 10 to 15 variations of roars. And Joss listened to them and came back and said, 'I like this one,' and I went back and I looked at the ingredients of what was in that one. Turned out to be Mark Ruffalo, some Lou Ferrigno and a little bit of me and two people from New Zealand. So I led with that and I started using those combinations but changing it up. But the great thing was that Mark Ruffalo had done an incredible [unintelligible] of variety so I was always blending him in. ... Lou Ferrigno seemed to have a real knack for just who this character was. ... They were always a component of it.
OnThe Avengers' comparatively minute canvas of two and a half hours, Whedon effectively creates a sketch of a working universe and tells us that his characters are emotionally damaged but doesn't explore that damage in any substantive way.
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