Chaturthi: Difference between revisions

{{Short description|Fourth day of a lunar fortnight in the Hindu calendar}}

[[File:Ganesha Basohli miniature circa 1730 Dubost p73.jpg|thumb|Chaturthi is associated with the worship of Hindu deity [[Ganesha]] (pictured).]]

'''Chaturthi''' ({{Lang-sa|चतुर्थी|translit=Caturthī}}) refers to the [[Tithi|fourth day]] of a lunar fortnight in the [[Hindu calendar]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.wisdomlib.org |date=2018-05-19 |title=Caturthi, Caturthī: 7 definitions |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/caturthi |access-date=2022-11-23 |website=www.wisdomlib.org |language=en}}</ref>

==Festivals==

{{Section citations needed|date=November 2022}}

* [[Karva Chauth|Karak Chaturthi]] (''Karvā Chauth''): It is celebrated on ''Chaturthī'' of [[Krishna Paksha]] (waning lunar phase) of [[Kārtika (month)|Kārtika]] Month as per the ''Purnimanta'' calendar. During this [[vrata]], [[Parvati]] and [[Shiva]] are worshipped, along with [[Kartikeya]] and [[Ganesha]]. The day is also known as ''Vakratunda Sankashti Chaturthi''.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sharma |first=Yash Karan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ka5UAwAAQBAJ&dq=kartik+krishna+chaturthi&pg=PA245 |title=Encyclopedia of Astrological Remedies |publisher=All India Federation of Astrologers' Societies |language=en}}</ref>

* Bahula Chaturthi (''Bol Chauth''): This Vrat is observed on ''Chaturthi'' of ''Krishna Paksha'' of [[Bhadra (Hindu calendar)|Bhadrapada]] month as per ''Purnimanta'' calendar. The festival is characterized by worshiping [[Gau Mata|Dhenu/Gau Mata]] (holy cows) & their calves and decorating them. The day is also known as ''Heramba Ganpati Sankashti Chaturthi''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bahula Chaturthi 2022: श्री कृष्ण को समर्पित है बहुला चतुर्थी का व्रत, संतान प्राप्ति के लिए इस विधि से करें पूजा {{!}} bahula chaturthi 2022 vratd date tithi and shubh muhurat puja vidhi of krishna chauth {{!}} Hindi News |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/religion/bahula-chaturthi-2022-vratd-date-tithi-and-shubh-muhurat-puja-vidhi-of-krishna-chauth/1298024/amp |access-date=2022-10-14 |website=zeenews.india.com}}</ref>

* [[Sankashti Chaturthi]] is the ''Chaturthi'' (4th day) of the ''Krishna'' ''Paksha'' (waning [[lunar phase]]) after [[Purnima]] (full moon). If this Chaturthi falls on a ''Mangalvara'' (Tuesday) it is called ''Angarki Chaturthi''. On this day, the devotees observe strict ''vrata'' (fast). They conclude the fast at night after having ''darshan'' (auspicious sighting) of the moon preceded by prayers to [[Lord Ganesha|Ganesha]]. Devotees believe their wishes would be fulfilled if they pray on this auspicious day. The Ganapati Atharvashesha is recited to seek the blessings of Ganesha.

During each month, Ganesha is worshiped with a different name and peeta (lotus petals). On the Charturti day (4th day after new moon) of each month, the 'Sankashta Ganapathi Pooja' prayer is performed. Each ‘Vratha’ (strict fast) has a purpose and is explained to us by a story known as the ‘Vrata Katha’. This prayer offering has 13 Vrata Kathas, one for each month and the 13th story is for 'athika' (The Hindu calendar has one extra month every 4 years). The uniqueness of this vrata is that the story pertaining to that month alone has to be recited.

{| class="wikitable"

|-

! Month !! Name of Ganesh in which the pooja is performed !! Name of the peeta

|-

| Chaitra Masa || Vikata Maha Ganapati || Vinayaka Peeta

|-

| Vaishaka Masa || Chanakra Raja Ekadanta Ganapathi || Srichakra Peeta

|-

| Jeshta Masa || Krishna Pingala Maha Ganapati || Sri Shakthi Ganapathi Peeta

|-

| Ashada Masa || Gajanana Ganapati || Vishnu Peeta

|-

| Shravana Masa || Heramba Maha Ganapati || Ganapathi Peeta

|-

| Bhadrapada Masa || Vignaraja Maha Ganapati || Vigneshwara Peeta

|-

| Ashweeja Masa || Vakrathunda Maha Ganapati || Bhuvaneshwari Peeta

|-

| Karthika Masa || Ganadipa Maha Ganapati || Shiva Peeta

|-

| Margashira Masa || Akuratha Maha Ganapati || Durga Peeta

|-

| Pushya Masa || Lambodara Maha Ganapati || Soura Peeta

|-

| Maga Masa || Dvijapriya Maha Ganapati || Samanya deva Peeta

|-

| Palguna Masa || Balachandra Maha Ganapati || Agama Peeta

|-

| Adika Masa || Vibhuvana Palaka Maha Ganapati || Doorva Bilva Patra Peeta

|}

* [[Vinayak Chaturthi|Vinayaka Chaturthi]] is the Chaturthi after Amavasya or new moon. Devotees observe the fast for full day and night and meal is consumed the next day.

: This fast is mostly observed in Western and Southern India especially by the [[Brahmin]] community ([[smartha|Smarta]] or [[Shaiva]]). The fast is supposed to be strict and only fruit, roots or vegetable products are supposed to be consumed.

* [[Angarki Sankashti Chaturthi]]Is the 4th day of the waning lunar phase after the full moon.coming on Tuesday.

* [[Ganesh Chaturthi]] is one of prominent Chaturthi on which Ganesha makes his presence on the earth.

* [[Magha (month)|Magha]] shukla chaturthi: [[Ganesh Jayanti]]

* [[Nagula Chaviti]]

==References==

{{Reflist}}

{{Tithi}}

[[Category:Hindu calendar]]