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{{Short description|American four-engine jet airliner (1960–1990s)}} |
{{Short description|American four-engine jet airliner (1960–1990s)}} |
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{|{{Infobox aircraft begin |
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|name = Convair 880 |
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|image = File:Convair 880 N8802E Delta ATL 15.04.72 edited-2.jpg |
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|caption = The Convair 880 is a low-wing airliner with four underwing turbojets. |
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}}{{Infobox aircraft type |
}}{{Infobox aircraft type |
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|type = [[Narrow-body aircraft|Narrow-body]] [[jet airliner]] |
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|national origin = United States |
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|manufacturer = [[Convair]] |
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|designer = |
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|first flight = January 27, 1959 |
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|introduced = May 1960 with [[Delta Air Lines]] |
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|retired = 1998 |
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|status = Retired |
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|primary user = [[Trans World Airlines]] |
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| more users = [[Delta Air Lines]] <br /> [[Japan Airlines]] <br /> [[Swissair]]<!-- Only THREE "more users" here. Separate users with <br />. --> |
| more users = [[Delta Air Lines]] <br /> [[Japan Airlines]] <br /> [[Swissair]]<!-- Only THREE "more users" here. Separate users with <br />. --> |
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|produced = 1959–1962 |
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|number built = 65 |
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|developed from = |
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|variants with their own articles = [[Convair 990 Coronado]] |
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The '''Convair 880''' is |
The '''Convair 880''' is a retired American [[Narrow-body aircraft|narrow-body]] [[jet airliner]] produced by the [[Convair]] division of [[General Dynamics]]. It was designed to compete with the [[Boeing 707]] and [[Douglas DC-8]] by being smaller but faster, a niche that failed to create demand. When it was first introduced, some{{who|date=October 2022}} in aviation circles claimed that at {{convert|615|mph|kph|abbr=on}}, it was the fastest jet transport in the world.<ref name="popmechmar59">{{cite magazine |title=Here's Convair's 880 – the Fastest Jet Transport in the World? |magazine=Popular Mechanics |date=March 1959 |volume=III |number=3 |page= 87 |publisher=Hearst Magazines |access-date=13 Oct 2022 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vtsDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA87}}</ref>{{Better reference needed|reason=Source only says it "is said", not by whom. (Spoiler: it was probably Convair.)|date=October 2022}} Only 65 Convair 880s were produced over the lifetime of the production run from 1959 to 1962, and General Dynamics eventually withdrew from the airliner market after considering the 880 project a failure. The [[Convair 990 Coronado]] was a stretched and faster variant of the 880. |
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==Development== |
==Development== |
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* [[Delta Air Lines]]♠ |
* [[Delta Air Lines]]♠ |
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* [[Elvis Presley Enterprises]] (this aircraft is on display at [[Graceland]] in [[Memphis, Tennessee|Memphis]]) |
* [[Elvis Presley Enterprises]] (this aircraft is on display at [[Graceland]] in [[Memphis, Tennessee|Memphis]]) |
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* [[Fair Air]] |
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* [[Federal Aviation Administration]]♠ (FAA)\ |
* [[Federal Aviation Administration]]♠ (FAA)\ |
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* [[Flying Fish Company]]<ref>https://www.airliners.net, photo of Flying Fish Company Convair 880</ref> |
* [[Flying Fish Company]]<ref>https://www.airliners.net, photo of Flying Fish Company Convair 880</ref> |
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* [[Four Winds Inc.]] |
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* [[Freelandia Travel Club]] |
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* [[Holiday Magic Finland]]<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.aerotransport.org/php/go.php?query=operator&where=103618&luck= | title = Holiday Magic Finland | publisher = ATDB-aero | access-date = 10 October 2021}}</ref> |
* [[Holiday Magic Finland]]<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.aerotransport.org/php/go.php?query=operator&where=103618&luck= | title = Holiday Magic Finland | publisher = ATDB-aero | access-date = 10 October 2021}}</ref> |
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* [[Hughes Tool Company]] ♠ |
* [[Hughes Tool Company]] ♠ |
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* [[Inair Panama]] (leased) |
* [[Inair Panama]] (leased) |
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* [[Indy Air]] |
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* [[Japan Air Lines]]♠ |
* [[Japan Air Lines]]♠ |
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* [[Japan Domestic Airlines]] |
* [[Japan Domestic Airlines]] |
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* [[Northeast Airlines]] |
* [[Northeast Airlines]] |
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* [[Onyx Aviation]]<ref>https://www.airliners.net, photo of Onyx Aviation Convair 880</ref> |
* [[Onyx Aviation]]<ref>https://www.airliners.net, photo of Onyx Aviation Convair 880</ref> |
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* [[Orient Pacific Airways]] |
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* [[Pan West]]<ref>https://www.airliners.net, photo of Pan West Convair 880</ref> |
* [[Pan West]]<ref>https://www.airliners.net, photo of Pan West Convair 880</ref> |
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* [[Profit Express]]<ref>https://www.airliners.net, photo of Profit Express Convair 880</ref> |
* [[Profit Express]]<ref>https://www.airliners.net, photo of Profit Express Convair 880</ref> |
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* [[Rainbow Air]]<ref>https://www.airliners.net, photo of Pan West Convair 880</ref> |
* [[Rainbow Air]]<ref>https://www.airliners.net, photo of Pan West Convair 880</ref> |
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* [[Rowan Drilling Company]]<ref>https://www.airliners.net, photo of Rowan Drilling Convair 880</ref> |
* [[Rowan Drilling Company]]<ref>https://www.airliners.net, photo of Rowan Drilling Convair 880</ref> |
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* [[SERCA Costa Rica]] |
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* [[Trans World Airlines]]♠ (TWA) |
* [[Trans World Airlines]]♠ (TWA) |
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* [[Torco Drilling Co.]]<ref>https://www.airliners.net, photo of Torco Drilling Co. Convair 880</ref> |
* [[Torco Drilling Co.]]<ref>https://www.airliners.net, photo of Torco Drilling Co. Convair 880</ref> |
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* 1 – Cockpit on display at the [[Delta Flight Museum]] in [[Atlanta, Georgia]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Convair 880 Prototype|url=http://www.deltamuseum.org/exhibits/exhibits/aircraft/prototype-convair-880|website=Delta Flight Museum|access-date=18 October 2016}}</ref> |
* 1 – Cockpit on display at the [[Delta Flight Museum]] in [[Atlanta, Georgia]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Convair 880 Prototype|url=http://www.deltamuseum.org/exhibits/exhibits/aircraft/prototype-convair-880|website=Delta Flight Museum|access-date=18 October 2016}}</ref> |
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* 3 – Forward fuselage on display at the [[Aviation Hall of Fame and Museum of New Jersey]] in [[Teterboro, New Jersey]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Ship 3|url=http://www.convairjet.com/ship_3.html|website=ConvairJet.com|publisher=ConvairJet.com|access-date=20 September 2016|date=21 September 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Aircraft N801AJ Data|url=http://www.airport-data.com/aircraft/N801AJ.html|website=Airport-Data.com|publisher=Airport-Data.com|access-date=20 September 2016}}</ref> It is on loan from [[Scroggins Aviation]].<ref name="auto">Air Classics May, Vol. 54/No. 5, (2018)"Saving the Last Convair Jetliners – by Ralph M. Pettersen"</ref> |
* 3 – Forward fuselage on display at the [[Aviation Hall of Fame and Museum of New Jersey]] in [[Teterboro, New Jersey]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Ship 3|url=http://www.convairjet.com/ship_3.html|website=ConvairJet.com|publisher=ConvairJet.com|access-date=20 September 2016|date=21 September 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Aircraft N801AJ Data|url=http://www.airport-data.com/aircraft/N801AJ.html|website=Airport-Data.com|publisher=Airport-Data.com|access-date=20 September 2016}}</ref> It is on loan from [[Scroggins Aviation]].<ref name="auto">Air Classics May, Vol. 54/No. 5, (2018)"Saving the Last Convair Jetliners – by Ralph M. Pettersen"</ref> |
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* 23 – Forward fuselage on display at the [[Tillamook Air Museum]] in [[Tillamook, Oregon]]. It is on loan from Scroggins Aviation.<ref>{{cite web|title=Convair 880, serial no. 23, N817TW|url=http://www.convairjet.com/CV880_cn23.html|website=ConvairJet.com|publisher=ConvairJet.com|access-date=20 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Bell |first1=Diane |title=Column: Ghost of Convair jet rises from desert graveyard, returns to public view |url=http://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/columnists/diane-bell/sd-me-bell-convair-20180929-story.html |access-date=29 April 2019 |work=San Diego Union-Tribune |date=28 September 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=CONVAIR 880 ARRIVES AT THE AIR MUSEUM |url=http://www.coastalzephyr.com/news/conair-880-arrives-at-the-air-museum |website=Coastal Zephyr |access-date=29 April 2019 |date=31 August 2018}}</ref> |
* 23 – Forward fuselage on display at the [[Tillamook Air Museum]] in [[Tillamook, Oregon]]. It is on loan from Scroggins Aviation.<ref>{{cite web|title=Convair 880, serial no. 23, N817TW|url=http://www.convairjet.com/CV880_cn23.html|website=ConvairJet.com|publisher=ConvairJet.com|access-date=20 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Bell |first1=Diane |title=Column: Ghost of Convair jet rises from desert graveyard, returns to public view |url=http://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/columnists/diane-bell/sd-me-bell-convair-20180929-story.html |access-date=29 April 2019 |work=San Diego Union-Tribune |date=28 September 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=CONVAIR 880 ARRIVES AT THE AIR MUSEUM |url=http://www.coastalzephyr.com/news/conair-880-arrives-at-the-air-museum |website=Coastal Zephyr |access-date=29 April 2019 |date=31 August 2018 |archive-date=29 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190429191046/http://www.coastalzephyr.com/news/conair-880-arrives-at-the-air-museum |url-status=dead }}</ref> |
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* 35 – Complete aircraft in storage at [[Scroggins Aviation]] in Mojave, California.<ref>{{cite web|title=Convair 880, serial no. 35, N815AJ|url=http://www.convairjet.com/CV880_cn35.html|website=ConvairJet.com|publisher=ConvairJet.com|access-date=20 September 2016}}</ref> |
* 35 – Complete aircraft in storage at [[Scroggins Aviation]] in Mojave, California.<ref>{{cite web|title=Convair 880, serial no. 35, N815AJ|url=http://www.convairjet.com/CV880_cn35.html|website=ConvairJet.com|publisher=ConvairJet.com|access-date=20 September 2016}}</ref> |
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* 38 –''Lisa Marie'' – On display at [[Graceland]] in [[Memphis, Tennessee]]:<ref>{{cite web|title=Other Graceland Museums & Exhibits|url=http://www.graceland.com/visit/graceland_experience/museums_exhibits.aspx|website=Graceland|publisher=Elvis Presley Enterprises, Inc.|access-date=20 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005063941/https://www.graceland.com/visit/graceland_experience/museums_exhibits.aspx|archive-date=2016-10-05|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier – Convair CV-880-22-2, c/n 22-00-38, c/r N880EP|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=18512|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|access-date=20 September 2016}}</ref> |
* 38 –''Lisa Marie'' – On display at [[Graceland]] in [[Memphis, Tennessee]]:<ref>{{cite web|title=Other Graceland Museums & Exhibits|url=http://www.graceland.com/visit/graceland_experience/museums_exhibits.aspx|website=Graceland|publisher=Elvis Presley Enterprises, Inc.|access-date=20 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005063941/https://www.graceland.com/visit/graceland_experience/museums_exhibits.aspx|archive-date=2016-10-05|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier – Convair CV-880-22-2, c/n 22-00-38, c/r N880EP|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=18512|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|access-date=20 September 2016}}</ref> Formerly N8809E with Delta, Elvis Presley purchased the aircraft in 1975 and namedit after [[Lisa Marie Presley|his daughter]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Convair 880 and 990|last=Proctor|first=John|isbn=9780962673047|date=September 1996}}</ref><ref name="Lisa Marie">{{cite web |title='The Lisa Marie': Elvis Presley's Convair 880 Jet Airplane {{!}} Lisa Marie Presley |url=https://www.elvis.com.au/presley/lisa-marie-convair-880-jet-airplane.shtml |website=www.elvis.com.au |access-date=9 May 2019 |language=en}}</ref> In January 2015, it was put up for sale and eventually bought back by Elvis Presley Enterprises and displayed as part of the Presley Museum collection.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-30658802|title=BBC News – Elvis Presley's private jets up for sale|work=[[BBC Online]]|access-date=3 January 2015}}</ref> |
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* 58 – Converted into a lodge in [[East London, South Africa]]:<ref>{{cite web|title=Convair 880 N88CH at Shadow Park Lodge » 2005-11-16|url=http://www.aviationpics.co.za/gallery-aviation-pics.php?cat_id=1068a4ab768bea6f0422d65a8e3137ed&subcat_id=d8d569094684f2cad05c79cdb2111c08|website=Aviation Pics|publisher=Aviation Pics|access-date=20 September 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200129173623/http://www.aviationpics.co.za/gallery-aviation-pics.php?cat_id=1068a4ab768bea6f0422d65a8e3137ed&subcat_id=d8d569094684f2cad05c79cdb2111c08|archive-date=29 January 2020}}</ref> This airframe was converted into a [[business jet]] in the 1970s (registration N88CH). It was purchased by the [[Ciskei]] government in 1987 intended for use by president [[Lennox Sebe]], but remained at [[Bhisho]] Airport for several years due to a lack of funds to make it airworthy. In 1992, it was bought by Billy Nel (now [[Eastern Cape]] Provincial Finance [[Member of the Executive Council|MEC]]), who had it transported to his private residence north of [[East London, South Africa]]. The 1970s, VIP interior with couches, beds and a bar remain intact and it is used for private functions. One of the engines was donated to the [[Stutterheim]] Engine Museum.<ref name="Lockett"/><ref>Hollands, Barbara. [http://www.weekendpost.co.za/main/2005/01/29/news/nl16_29012005.htm "Down by the river with Billy Nel, the collector king of boys’ toys."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050228002140/http://www.weekendpost.co.za/main/2005/01/29/news/nl16_29012005.htm |date=2005-02-28 }} ''weekendpost.co.za'', January 29, 2005. Retrieved: May 19, 2010.</ref><!--No content<ref>[http://www.dispatch.co.za/archives/vault/article.aspx?id=331635 "Remember when ..."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615142228/http://www.dispatch.co.za/archives/vault/article.aspx?id=331635 |date=2011-06-15 }} ''dispatch.co.za''. Retrieved: May 19, 2010.</ref>--><!--Forum is not a valid reference/citation<ref>[http://www.pprune.org/african-aviation/188591-airport-has-not-taken-off.html "Airport has not taken off."] ''pprune.org''. Retrieved: May 19, 2010.</ref>--> |
* 58 – Converted into a lodge in [[East London, South Africa]]:<ref>{{cite web|title=Convair 880 N88CH at Shadow Park Lodge » 2005-11-16|url=http://www.aviationpics.co.za/gallery-aviation-pics.php?cat_id=1068a4ab768bea6f0422d65a8e3137ed&subcat_id=d8d569094684f2cad05c79cdb2111c08|website=Aviation Pics|publisher=Aviation Pics|access-date=20 September 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200129173623/http://www.aviationpics.co.za/gallery-aviation-pics.php?cat_id=1068a4ab768bea6f0422d65a8e3137ed&subcat_id=d8d569094684f2cad05c79cdb2111c08|archive-date=29 January 2020}}</ref> This airframe was converted into a [[business jet]] in the 1970s (registration N88CH). It was purchased by the [[Ciskei]] government in 1987 intended for use by president [[Lennox Sebe]], but remained at [[Bhisho]] Airport for several years due to a lack of funds to make it airworthy. In 1992, it was bought by Billy Nel (now [[Eastern Cape]] Provincial Finance [[Member of the Executive Council|MEC]]), who had it transported to his private residence north of [[East London, South Africa]]. The 1970s, VIP interior with couches, beds and a bar remain intact and it is used for private functions. One of the engines was donated to the [[Stutterheim]] Engine Museum.<ref name="Lockett"/><ref>Hollands, Barbara. [http://www.weekendpost.co.za/main/2005/01/29/news/nl16_29012005.htm "Down by the river with Billy Nel, the collector king of boys’ toys."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050228002140/http://www.weekendpost.co.za/main/2005/01/29/news/nl16_29012005.htm |date=2005-02-28 }} ''weekendpost.co.za'', January 29, 2005. Retrieved: May 19, 2010.</ref><!--No content<ref>[http://www.dispatch.co.za/archives/vault/article.aspx?id=331635 "Remember when ..."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615142228/http://www.dispatch.co.za/archives/vault/article.aspx?id=331635 |date=2011-06-15 }} ''dispatch.co.za''. Retrieved: May 19, 2010.</ref>--><!--Forum is not a valid reference/citation<ref>[http://www.pprune.org/african-aviation/188591-airport-has-not-taken-off.html "Airport has not taken off."] ''pprune.org''. Retrieved: May 19, 2010.</ref>--> |
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Convair 880 | |
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The Convair 880 is a low-wing airliner with four underwing turbojets. | |
Role | Narrow-body jet airliner
Type of aircraft
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National origin | United States |
Manufacturer | Convair |
First flight | January 27, 1959 |
Introduction | May 1960 with Delta Air Lines |
Retired | 1998 |
Status | Retired |
Primary users | Trans World Airlines Delta Air Lines Japan Airlines Swissair |
Produced | 1959–1962 |
Number built | 65 |
Variants | Convair 990 Coronado |
The Convair 880 is a retired American narrow-body jet airliner produced by the Convair division of General Dynamics. It was designed to compete with the Boeing 707 and Douglas DC-8 by being smaller but faster, a niche that failed to create demand. When it was first introduced, some[who?] in aviation circles claimed that at 615 mph (990 km/h), it was the fastest jet transport in the world.[1][better source needed] Only 65 Convair 880s were produced over the lifetime of the production run from 1959 to 1962, and General Dynamics eventually withdrew from the airliner market after considering the 880 project a failure. The Convair 990 Coronado was a stretched and faster variant of the 880.
Convair began development of a medium-range commercial jet in April 1956, to compete with announced products from Boeing and Douglas. Initially the design was called the Skylark, but the name was later changed to the Golden Arrow, then Convair 600 and then finally the 880, both numbers referring to its top speed of 600 mph (970 km/h) or 880 ft/s (268 m/s). It was powered by General Electric CJ-805-3 turbojets, a civilian version of the J79 which powered the Lockheed F-104 Starfighter, McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom,[2] and Convair B-58 Hustler.
The first example of the Model 22 FAA Type Certificate,[3] initial production version (no prototype was built) made its maiden flight on 27 January 1959.[2] After production started, the Federal Aviation Administration mandated additional instrumentation, which Convair added by placing a "raceway" hump on the top of the fuselage, rather than ripping apart the interiors over the wing area. The final assembly of the 880 and 990 took place at the Convair facilities in San Diego, California.[4]
The airliner never became widely used, and the production line shut down after only three years. The 880's five-abreast seating made it unattractive to airlines, while Boeing was able to outcompete it with the Boeing 720, which could be sold at a significantly lower price, as it was a minimal modification of the existing 707. In addition, the General Electric engines had a higher specific fuel consumption than the Boeing's Pratt & Whitney JT3Cs.
General Dynamics lost around $185 million over the lifetime of the project, although some sources estimate much higher losses.[citation needed] The aircraft were involved in 17 accidents and five hijackings.
A modified version of the basic 880 was the "-M" version, which incorporated four leading-edge slats per wing, Krueger leading-edge flaps between the fuselage and inboard engines, power-boosted rudder, added engine thrust, increased fuel capacity, stronger landing gear, greater adjustment to seating pitch, and a simpler overhead compartment arrangement.[5]
A more major modification to the 880 became the Convair 990, produced in parallel with the 880-M between 1961 and 1963. Swissair named theirs Coronado, after an island off the San Diego coast and where the first 990 landed.[5]
The design entered service with Delta Air Lines in May 1960, slightly modified as the 880-22M, having newer-version 805-3B engines. The 880s were flown by Cathay Pacific, Delta, Japan Airlines, Northeast Airlines, Swissair, TWA, and VIASA.
As they left commercial service, many 880s were bought by American Jet Industries for various uses. One example was converted to freighter use in 1974, and flew until 1982 with various companies. Another was used to train FAA flight examiners until it was destroyed by a minor explosion in the cargo hold in 1995. Most of the remaining examples were scrapped by 2000.
The United States Navy acquired one 880-M in 1980, modifying it as an in-flight tanker. It had been purchased new from Convair by the FAA, and used for 18 years.[5] Unofficially designated UC-880, it was assigned to the Naval Air Test CenteratNAS Patuxent River, Maryland, and employed in Tomahawk cruise missile testing and aircraft refueling procedures. The UC-880 was damaged in a cargo-hold explosive decompression test at NAS Patuxent River, Maryland, in 1995.[6] The aircraft was judged to still have been controllable using backup systems had the decompression occurred in flight.[5]
This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this sectionbyadding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
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(♠ = original operators)
Variant | 22 | 22M |
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Crew | 3 | |
Capacity | 110 passengers / 24,000 lb (11,000 kg) | |
Length | 129 ft 4 in (39.42 m) | |
Height | 36 ft 3.75 in (11.07 m) | |
Wing | 120 ft 0 in (36.58 m) span, 2,000 sq ft (190 m2) area (7.2 AR) | |
Airfoil | root: NACA 0011-64 (modified); tip: NACA 0008-64 (modified) | |
Empty weight | 87,400 lb (39,600 kg) | 94,000 lb (43,000 kg) |
Fuel capacity | 10,584 US gal (40,060 L) | 12,538 US gal (47,460 L) [a] |
MTOW | 184,500 lb (83,700 kg) | 193,000 lb (88,000 kg) |
4 × turbojets | General Electric CJ-805-3 | General Electric CJ-805-3B |
Unit thrust | 11,650 lbf (51.8 kN) | |
Cruise | 470–534.5 kn (870–990 km/h) [b] | |
Ceiling | 41,000 ft (12,000 m) | |
Range | 2,472 nmi (4,578 km)[c] | 2,503 nmi (4,636 km)[d] |
Wing loading | 92.25 lb/sq ft (450.4 kg/m2) | 96.5 lb/sq ft (471 kg/m2) |
Take-off | 8,750 ft (2,670 m) | 7,550 ft (2,300 m) |
Landing[e] | 6,250 ft (1,900 m) | 5,350 ft (1,630 m) |
Related development
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
Related lists
Convair and General Dynamics aircraft
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Experimental aircraft |
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Authority control databases: National ![]() |
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