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Undid revision 1085913164 by Atrilliondollars (talk) Revert corrupted cite.
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Before state fisheries departments began to implement more restrictive, conservation-minded regulations, a great number of crappies, especially in the [[Mississippi River]] states, were harvested commercially in the 19th and early 20th centuries. At one point, the annual crappie catch sold at fish markets in the United States was reported to be about 3 million pounds.<ref>"Fisheries." ''The New International Encyclopedia''. 2nd ed. New York: Dodd, Mead and Co., 1930.</ref> |
Before state fisheries departments began to implement more restrictive, conservation-minded regulations, a great number of crappies, especially in the [[Mississippi River]] states, were harvested commercially in the 19th and early 20th centuries. At one point, the annual crappie catch sold at fish markets in the United States was reported to be about 3 million pounds.<ref>"Fisheries." ''The New International Encyclopedia''. 2nd ed. New York: Dodd, Mead and Co., 1930.</ref> |
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A commercial fishery for crappies existed at [[Reelfoot Lake]] in [[Tennessee]] until 2003. It was one of the few commercial fisheries for crappies in recent decades.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reelfoot.com/commercial_crappie_fishing.htm|publisher=Reelfoot Outdoors|title=Commercial Crappie Fishing Stopped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220528214453/https://www.reelfoot.com/commercial_crappie_fishing.htm|archive-date=May 28, 2022|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kentuckynewera.com/article_a5427c97-095d-5a32-b4af-5e1d75bcb38d.html|title=Change in Reelfoot crappie population has brought ban on commercial fishing|publisher=Kentucky New Era|date=June 23, 2001|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220528214740/https://www.kentuckynewera.com/article_a5427c97-095d-5a32-b4af-5e1d75bcb38d.html|archive-date=May 28, 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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A commercial fishery for crappies existed at [[Reelfoot Lake]] in [[Tennessee]] until 2003. It was one of the few commercial fisheries for crappies in recent decades.{{Citation needed|date=April 2010}} |
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==Fishing records== |
==Fishing records== |
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| Crappie | |
|---|---|
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| Black (top) and white crappie (P. nigromaculatus & P. annularis) | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Perciformes |
| Family: | Centrarchidae |
| Subfamily: | Centrarchinae |
| Genus: | Pomoxis Rafinesque, 1818[1] |
| Type species | |
| Pomoxis annularis Rafinesque, 1818[1] | |
| Synonyms[2] | |
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Hyperistius Gill, 1864: | |
Crappies (/ˈkrɒpi, ˈkræpi/)[3][4] are two speciesofNorth American freshwater fish of the genus Pomoxis in the family Centrarchidae (sunfishes). Both species of crappies are popular game fish among recreational anglers.
The genus name Pomoxis literally means "sharp cover", referring to the fish's spiny gill covers (opercular bones).[5] It is composed of the Greek poma (πῶμα, cover) and oxys (ὀξύς, "sharp").[6]
The common name (also spelled croppie[7]orcrappé[8]) derives from the Canadian French crapet, which refers to many different fishes of the sunfish family. Other names for crappie are papermouths, strawberry bass, speckled bassorspecks (especially in Michigan), speckled perch, white perch,[9] crappie bass, calico bass (throughout the Middle Atlantic states and New England),[10] and Oswego bass.[11]
In Louisiana, it is called sacalait[12] (Cajun French: sac-à-lait, lit. 'milk bag'),[13] seemingly an allusion to its milky white flesh or silvery skin.[14][15] The supposed French meaning is, however, folk etymology, because the word is ultimately from Choctaw sakli, meaning "trout".[12]
The currently recognized species in this genus are:[16]
| Image | Scientific name | Common Name | Distribution |
|---|---|---|---|
 |
P. annularis Rafinesque, 1818 | White crappie | Great Lakes, Hudson Bay, and the Mississippi River basins expanding from New York and southern Ontario westward to South Dakota and southward to Texas. |
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P. nigromaculatus (Lesueur, 1829) | Black crappie | eastern United States and Canada |
Both species of crappie as adults feed predominantly on smaller fish species, including the young of their own predators (which include the northern pike, muskellunge, and walleye). They have diverse diets, however, including zooplankton, insects, and crustaceans.[17][18] By day, crappie tend to be less active and concentrate around weed beds or submerged objects, such as logs and boulders. They feed during dawn and dusk, by moving into open water or approaching the shore.[19][20]
The Pomoxis species are highly regarded panfish and are often considered to be among the best-tasting freshwater food fish. Because of their diverse diets, crappie may be caught in many ways, including casting light jigs, trolling with minnowsorsoft lures, using small spinnerbaits, or using bobbers with common hookbaits. Crappies are also popular with ice anglers, as they are active in winter.[19][20][21]
| Fly fishing targets |
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| See also |
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Angling for crappie is popular throughout much of North America. Methods vary, but among the most popular is called "spider rigging", a method characterized by a fisherman in a boat with many long fishing rods pointing away from the angler at various angles like spokes from a wheel[22] (spider rigging is not permitted on some waters. In Minnesota, for example, a fisherman may use only one rod during the open water season). Anglers who employ the spider rigging method may choose from among many popular baits, some of the most popular are plastic jigs with lead jigheads, crankbaits or live minnows.[23] Many anglers also chum or dump live groundbait into the water to attract the fish to bite their bait. Crappies are also regularly targeted and caught during the spawning period by fly fishermen, and can be taken from frozen ponds and lakes in winter by ice fishing.[citation needed]
Before state fisheries departments began to implement more restrictive, conservation-minded regulations, a great number of crappies, especially in the Mississippi River states, were harvested commercially in the 19th and early 20th centuries. At one point, the annual crappie catch sold at fish markets in the United States was reported to be about 3 million pounds.[24]
A commercial fishery for crappies existed at Reelfoot LakeinTennessee until 2003. It was one of the few commercial fisheries for crappies in recent decades.[25][26]
According to International Game Fish Association, the most outstanding records are:[27]
Pomoxis: sharp opercle, in reference to the opercle bone ending in two spines
Pomoxis, Greek: poma, "lid, cover" and oxys, "sharp," alluding to the opercles ending in two flat points instead of an ear flap
Crappie. U.S. Also crappé, croppie. A species of sunfish, Pomoxys annularis
The euphonious French name sac-à-lait (bag of milk), which is heard in the lower Mississippi Valley and now apparently is applied to other centrarchids, as well as to P. annularis, to which it was originally given, has been corrupted to "suckley perch" in Louisiana near New Orleans.
When properly cooked the white, flaky, juicy flesh (sac-à-lait means a "bag of milk" therefore our French-speaking population has most appropriately named this fish) has an exceptionally fine and delicate flavor.
believed to have received its name sac à lait, m., "milk bag" because of the silvery olive appearance of the fish, or because of its extraordinarily white flesh. Read's further investigations, however, revealed that the Choctaw Indian sakli, "trout"
| Pomoxis |
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