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'''CubeRover''' is a class of [[planetary rover]] with a standardized modular format meant to accelerate the pace of space exploration. The idea is equivalent to that of the successful [[CubeSat]] format, with standardized off-the-shelf components and architecture to assemble small units that will be all compatible, modular, and inexpensive.<ref name="SI Campbell 2018">{{cite news |url=https://www.spaceflightinsider.com/missions/commercial/astrobotic-wins-nasa-award-produce-small-lunar-rover/ |title=Astrobotic wins NASA award to produce small lunar rover |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190814140120/https://www.spaceflightinsider.com/missions/commercial/astrobotic-wins-nasa-award-produce-small-lunar-rover/ |archive-date=2019-08-14 |first=Lloyd |last=Campbell |work=Spaceflight Insider |date=18 March 2018}}</ref> |
'''CubeRover''' is a class of [[planetary rover]] with a standardized modular format meant to accelerate the pace of space exploration. The idea is equivalent to that of the successful [[CubeSat]] format, with standardized off-the-shelf components and architecture to assemble small units that will be all compatible, modular, and inexpensive.<ref name="SI Campbell 2018">{{cite news |url=https://www.spaceflightinsider.com/missions/commercial/astrobotic-wins-nasa-award-produce-small-lunar-rover/ |title=Astrobotic wins NASA award to produce small lunar rover |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190814140120/https://www.spaceflightinsider.com/missions/commercial/astrobotic-wins-nasa-award-produce-small-lunar-rover/ |archive-date=2019-08-14 |first=Lloyd |last=Campbell |work=Spaceflight Insider |date=18 March 2018}}</ref> |
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The rover class concept is being developed by [[Astrobotic Technology]] in partnership with [[Carnegie Mellon University]], and it is partly funded by NASA awards.<ref name="SI Campbell 2018"/> A Carnegie Mellon University initiative - completely independent of NASA awards - developed ''Iris'', the first flightworthy CubeRover. It was launched on 8 January 2024 along with [[Peregrine Mission One]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Belam |first=Martin |date=2024-01-08 |title=Nasa Peregrine 1 launch: Vulcan Centaur rocket carrying Nasa moon lander lifts off in Florida – live updates |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/live/2024/jan/08/nasa-peregrine-1-launch-rocket-moon-latest-news-updates-live |access-date=2024-01-08 |work=the Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Surface operations phased out along with landing of ''Peregrine'' lander due to excessive propellant leak.<ref>{{Cite |
The rover class concept is being developed by [[Astrobotic Technology]] in partnership with [[Carnegie Mellon University]], and it is partly funded by NASA awards.<ref name="SI Campbell 2018"/> A Carnegie Mellon University initiative - completely independent of NASA awards - developed ''Iris'', the first flightworthy CubeRover. It was launched on 8 January 2024 along with [[Peregrine Mission One]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Belam |first=Martin |date=2024-01-08 |title=Nasa Peregrine 1 launch: Vulcan Centaur rocket carrying Nasa moon lander lifts off in Florida – live updates |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/live/2024/jan/08/nasa-peregrine-1-launch-rocket-moon-latest-news-updates-live |access-date=2024-01-08 |work=the Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Surface operations phased out along with landing of ''Peregrine'' lander due to excessive propellant leak.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Wattles |first=Jackie |last2=Fisher |first2=Kristin |date=2024-01-08 |title=Peregrine mission abandons moon landing attempt after suffering 'critical' fuel loss |url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/01/08/world/peregrine-lunar-lander-anomaly-astrobotic-nasa-scn/index.html |access-date=2024-05-17 |work=CNN}}</ref> |
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==Overview== |
==Overview== |
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Astrobotic's CubeRover
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Mission type | Technology demonstrator |
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Operator | Astrobotic Lab and Carnegie Mellon University |
Website | www |
Spacecraft properties | |
Spacecraft | Iris[1][2] |
Spacecraft type | Robotic lunar rover |
Bus | CubeRover |
Start of mission | |
Launch date | 8 January 2024 07:18:36 UTC |
Rocket | Vulcan Centaur VC2S |
Launch site | Cape Canaveral SLC-41 |
Contractor | United Launch Alliance |
Moon rover | |
Landing date | 23 February 2024 (originally planned) |
Landing site | Planned: Mons Gruithuisen Gamma |
Transponders | |
Band | Wi-Fi |
Instruments | |
Two cameras with 1936 × 1456 resolution | |
CubeRover is a class of planetary rover with a standardized modular format meant to accelerate the pace of space exploration. The idea is equivalent to that of the successful CubeSat format, with standardized off-the-shelf components and architecture to assemble small units that will be all compatible, modular, and inexpensive.[3]
The rover class concept is being developed by Astrobotic Technology in partnership with Carnegie Mellon University, and it is partly funded by NASA awards.[3] A Carnegie Mellon University initiative - completely independent of NASA awards - developed Iris, the first flightworthy CubeRover. It was launched on 8 January 2024 along with Peregrine Mission One.[4] Surface operations phased out along with landing of Peregrine lander due to excessive propellant leak.[5]
The idea is to create a practical modular concept similar that used for CubeSats and apply it to rovers, effectively creating a new standardized architecture of small modular planetary rovers with compatible parts, systems, and even instruments so that each mission can be easily tailored to its objectives.[3][6][7] The rovers are expendable and do not use solar arrays for electrical power, depending solely on non-rechargeable batteries. This allows it to be lighter, have a larger cooling radiator panel for electronics, and have a simpler avionics design.[8]
The CubeRover program intends that standardizing small rover design with a common architecture will open access to planetary bodies for companies, governments, and universities around the world at a low cost, while increasing functionality, just as the CubeSat has in Earth orbit.[6] This would motivate other members of the space exploration community to develop new systems and instruments that are all compatible with the CubeRover's architecture.[3][6]
In May 2017 Astrobotic Technology, in partnership with Carnegie Mellon University, were selected by NASA's Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) to receive a $125,000 award[9] to develop a small lunar rover architecture capable of performing small-scale science and exploration on the Moon and other planetary surfaces. During Phase I, the team built a 2-kg rover and performed engineering studies to determine the architecture of a novel chassis, power, computing systems, software and navigation techniques.
In March 2018, the team was awarded funds to move on to Phase II,[3][6] and under this agreement, Astrobotic and CMU were to produce a flight-ready rover with a mass of approximately 2 kg (4.4 lb).
In future missions, CubeRovers may be designed to take advantage of lander-based systems to shelter for the cold lunar night, that lasts for 14 Earth days.[6] Similarly, future larger CubeRovers may be able to incorporate thermal insulation and systems qualified for ultra-low temperatures.[6]
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Missions are ordered by launch date. Sign † indicates failure en route or before intended mission data returned. |