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{{Short description|Assertion by a defined territory that it is independent and constitutes a state}} |
{{Short description|Assertion by a defined territory that it is independent and constitutes a state}} |
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{{About|the general document. For the United States' declaration of independence, see [[United States Declaration of Independence]]}} |
{{About|the general document. For the United States' declaration of independence, see [[United States Declaration of Independence]]}} |
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A '''declaration of independence''', '''declaration of statehood''' or '''[[proclamation]] of independence''' is an assertion by a [[polity]] in a defined territory that it is [[independence|independent]] and constitutes a [[Sovereign state|state]]. Such places are usually declared from part or all of the [[Wiktionary: Territory|territory]] of another state or failed state, or are breakaway territories from within the larger state. In 2010, the UN's [[International Court of Justice]] ruled in [[ |
A '''declaration of independence''', '''declaration of statehood''' or '''[[proclamation]] of independence''' is an assertion by a [[polity]] in a defined territory that it is [[independence|independent]] and constitutes a [[Sovereign state|state]]. Such places are usually declared from part or all of the [[Wiktionary: Territory|territory]] of another state or failed state, or are breakaway territories from within the larger state. In 2010, the UN's [[International Court of Justice]] ruled in [[advisory opinion on Kosovo's declaration of independence|an advisory opinion in Kosovo]] that "International law contains no prohibition on declarations of independence",<ref name="International Court of Justice">{{cite web |url=http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/141/15987.pdf |title=Accordance with International Law of the Unilateral Declaration of Independence in Respect of Kosovo |publisher=Icj-cij.org |access-date=2014-02-14 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100821055950/http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/141/15987.pdf |archive-date=2010-08-21 }}</ref> though the state from which the territory wishes to secede may regard the declaration as [[rebellion]], which may lead to a [[war of independence]] or a constitutional settlement to resolve the crisis. |
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==List of declarations of independence== |
==List of declarations of independence== |
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{{Hatnote|This [[Wikipedia:Incomplete lists|incomplete list]] is not intended to be exhaustive.}} |
{{Hatnote|This [[Wikipedia:Incomplete lists|incomplete list]] is not intended to be exhaustive.}} |
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|{{Flag|Azawad}}||[[Azawadi declaration of independence]]||April 6||2012||{{Flag|Mali}}||[[National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad]]|| |
|{{Flag|Azawad}}||[[Azawadi declaration of independence|Azawadi Declaration of Independence]]||April 6||2012||{{Flag|Mali}}||[[National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad]]|| |
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|{{Flag|Azerbaijan|1918}}||[[Declaration of Independence (Azerbaijan)|Declaration of Independence of Azerbaijan]]||May 28||1918||{{Flagcountry|Soviet Russia}}||[[Azerbaijani National Council]] ([[Hasan bey Aghayev]], [[Fatali Khan Khoyski]], [[Nasib Yusifbeyli]], [[Jamo bey Hajinski]], Şefi bey Rustambeyli, [[Nariman bey Narimanbeyov]], [[Javad Malik-Yeganov]], [[Mustafa Mahmudov]])||{{Flag|Ottoman Empire}} |
|{{Flag|Azerbaijan|1918}}||[[Declaration of Independence (Azerbaijan)|Declaration of Independence of Azerbaijan]]||May 28||1918||{{Flagcountry|Soviet Russia}}||[[Azerbaijani National Council]] ([[Hasan bey Aghayev]], [[Fatali Khan Khoyski]], [[Nasib Yusifbeyli]], [[Jamo bey Hajinski]], Şefi bey Rustambeyli, [[Nariman bey Narimanbeyov]], [[Javad Malik-Yeganov]], [[Mustafa Mahmudov]])||{{Flag|Ottoman Empire}} |
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|{{Flagcountry|Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina|1992}}||[[Bosnia and Herzegovina independence referendum, 1992|Bosnian Declaration of Independence]]||March 1||1992||{{Flagcountry|Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia}} || ||{{Flag|Bulgaria}} |
|{{Flagcountry|Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina|1992}}||[[Bosnia and Herzegovina independence referendum, 1992|Bosnian Declaration of Independence]]||March 1||1992||{{Flagcountry|Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia}} || ||{{Flag|Bulgaria}} |
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|{{Flagicon image|Flag of Bougainville.svg}} [[Bougainville Island|Bougainville]]||[[Bougainville conflict# |
|{{Flagicon image|Flag of Bougainville.svg}} [[Bougainville Island|Bougainville]]||[[Bougainville conflict#Secessionist conflict|Bougainville Declaration of Independence]]||May||1990||{{Flag|Papua New Guinea}}||[[Bougainville Interim Government]]|| |
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|{{Flagcountry|Empire of Brazil}}||[[Independence of Brazil|Declaration of the Independence of Brazil]]||September 7||1822||{{Flag|Portugal|1816}} ||[[Pedro I of Brazil]]||{{Flag|United States|1820}} |
|{{Flagcountry|Empire of Brazil}}||[[Independence of Brazil|Declaration of the Independence of Brazil]]||September 7||1822||{{Flag|Portugal|1816}} ||[[Pedro I of Brazil]]||{{Flag|United States|1820}} |
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|{{Flag|Iceland}}||Icelandic Declaration of Independence||June 17||1944||{{Flag|Denmark}}|| ||{{Flag|United States|1912}} |
|{{Flag|Iceland}}||Icelandic Declaration of Independence||June 17||1944||{{Flag|Denmark}}|| ||{{Flag|United States|1912}} |
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|{{Flag|India}}||[[Declaration of the Independence of India]]||January 26||1930||{{Flag|United Kingdom}}|| || |
|{{Flag|India}}||[[Purna Swaraj|Declaration of the Independence of India]]||January 26||1930||{{Flag|United Kingdom}}|| || |
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|{{Flag|Indonesia}}||[[Proclamation of Indonesian Independence]]||August 17||1945||{{Flagcountry|Kingdom of the Netherlands}} ||[[Sukarno]] & [[Mohammad Hatta]]||{{Flag|Kingdom of Egypt}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/1/30111/EXCLUSIVE-Indonesian-President%E2%80%99s-Advisor-%E2%80%98We-have-a-long-history-with|access-date=2022-02-15|date=2017-10-30|title=EXCLUSIVE: Indonesian President's Advisor: 'We have a long history with Egypt'|work=Egypt Today|first=Mahmoud|last=Mohy}}</ref> |
|{{Flag|Indonesia}}||[[Proclamation of Indonesian Independence]]||August 17||1945||{{Flagcountry|Kingdom of the Netherlands}} ||[[Sukarno]] & [[Mohammad Hatta]]||{{Flag|Kingdom of Egypt}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/1/30111/EXCLUSIVE-Indonesian-President%E2%80%99s-Advisor-%E2%80%98We-have-a-long-history-with|access-date=2022-02-15|date=2017-10-30|title=EXCLUSIVE: Indonesian President's Advisor: 'We have a long history with Egypt'|work=Egypt Today|first=Mahmoud|last=Mohy}}</ref> |
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|{{Flag|Padania}}||[[Padanian Declaration of Independence]]||September 15||1996||{{Flags|Italy (1946–2003)|link=|size=23px}} [[Italy]]|| || |
|{{Flag|Padania}}||[[Padanian Declaration of Independence]]||September 15||1996||{{Flags|Italy (1946–2003)|link=|size=23px}} [[Italy]]|| || |
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|{{Flag|Pakistan}}||[[ |
|{{Flag|Pakistan}}||[[Lahore Resolution]]||March 24||1940||{{Flag|United Kingdom}}||[[Muslim League (Pakistan)]]|| |
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|{{Flagcountry|Palestine}}||[[Palestinian Declaration of Independence]]||November 15||1988||{{Flagicon image|Flag of Israel.svg}} [[Palestinian territories]] |
|{{Flagcountry|Palestine}}||[[Palestinian Declaration of Independence]]||November 15||1988||{{Flagicon image|Flag of Israel.svg}} [[Palestinian territories]] |
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|{{Flag|Romania}}||[[Romanian War of Independence|Romanian Declaration of Independence]]||May 22||1877||{{Flag|Ottoman Empire}}||[[Carol I of Romania|King Carol I]]|| |
|{{Flag|Romania}}||[[Romanian War of Independence|Romanian Declaration of Independence]]||May 22||1877||{{Flag|Ottoman Empire}}||[[Carol I of Romania|King Carol I]]|| |
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|{{Flag|Russia|1991}}||[[ |
|{{Flag|Russia|1991}}||[[Belovezha Accords]]||December 12||1991||{{Flag|Soviet Union}}||[[Supreme Soviet of Russia|Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR]]|| |
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|{{Flag|Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic}}||[[History of Western Sahara#Armed Conflict (1975–1991)|Bir Lehlou Declaration]]||February 27||1976||{{Flag|Spanish Sahara}}||[[Polisario Front]]||{{Flag|Madagascar}} |
|{{Flag|Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic}}||[[History of Western Sahara#Armed Conflict (1975–1991)|Bir Lehlou Declaration]]||February 27||1976||{{Flag|Spanish Sahara}}||[[Polisario Front]]||{{Flag|Madagascar}} |
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|{{Flagcountry|Kingdom of Scotland|1542}}||[[Declaration of Arbroath]]||April 6||1320||{{Flagcountry|Kingdom of England}}||Scottish leaders|| |
|{{Flagcountry|Kingdom of Scotland|1542}}||[[Declaration of Arbroath]]||April 6||1320||{{Flagcountry|Kingdom of England}}||Scottish leaders|| |
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|{{Flagicon image|Flag of Revolutionary Serbia.svg|size=23px}} [[Revolutionary Serbia|Serbia]]||[[Serbian Revolution|The Proclamation (Proglašenije/Проглашеније)]]||February||1809||{{Flag|Ottoman Empire}}||[[Karađorđe Petrović]] and [[Serbian |
|{{Flagicon image|Flag of Revolutionary Serbia.svg|size=23px}} [[Revolutionary Serbia|Serbia]]||[[Serbian Revolution|The Proclamation (Proglašenije/Проглашеније)]]||February||1809||{{Flag|Ottoman Empire}}||[[Karađorđe Petrović]] and [[Serbian Revolution|Serbian MPs]]|| |
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|{{Flag|Singapore}}||[[Singapore in Malaysia# |
|{{Flag|Singapore}}||[[Singapore in Malaysia#Expulsion|Proclamation of Singapore]]<ref>Singapore was forced out of Malaysia by the Malaysian Parliament, and the proclamations were then agreed by the two governments. See the [http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/non_version/cgi-bin/cgi_retrieve.pl?actno=REVED-INDEP Independence of Singapore Agreement 1965] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170628211434/http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/non_version/cgi-bin/cgi_retrieve.pl?actno=REVED-INDEP |date=2017-06-28 }} (1985 Rev. Ed.) and [http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1966/29/contents the Acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom].</ref>||August 9||1965||{{Flag|Malaysia}}<ref name="Agreement relating to the separation of Singapore from Malaysia">{{sourcetext|source=Agreement relating to the separation of Singapore from Malaysia as an independent and sovereign state}}</ref><ref name="proclamation of singapore">{{sourcetext|source=Agreement relating to the separation of Singapore from Malaysia as an independent and sovereign state/proclamation of singapore}}</ref>||[[Lee Kuan Yew]], [[Prime Minister of Singapore]]||{{Flag|United Kingdom}}<br>(confirmed earlier recognition)<ref name="Singapore Act 1966">{{sourcetext|source=Singapore Act 1966}}</ref> |
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|{{Flag|Slovakia}}||[[Slovak National Council's Declaration of Independence of the Slovak Nation]]||July 17||1992||{{Flag|Czechoslovakia}} ||Slovak National Council|| |
|{{Flag|Slovakia}}||[[Slovak National Council's Declaration of Independence of the Slovak Nation]]||July 17||1992||{{Flag|Czechoslovakia}} ||Slovak National Council|| |
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|{{Flag|Slovenia}}||[[History of Slovenia#The Independence of Slovenia|Slovenian Declaration of Independence]]||June 25||1991||{{Flagcountry|Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia}} || ||{{Flag|Croatia}} |
|{{Flag|Slovenia}}||[[History of Slovenia#The Independence of Slovenia|Slovenian Declaration of Independence]]||June 25||1991||{{Flagcountry|Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia}} || ||{{Flag|Croatia}} |
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|{{Flag|Somaliland}}||[[ |
|{{Flag|Somaliland}}||[[Somaliland Declaration of Independence]]||May 18||1991||{{Flag|Somalia}} || ||''None'' |
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|{{Flagicon image|South Carolina Sovereignty-Secession Flag.svg}} [[South Carolina in the American Civil War|South Carolina]]||[[Declaration of the Immediate Causes Which Induce and Justify the Secession of South Carolina from the Federal Union]]||December 24||1860||{{Flag|United States|1859}}||South Carolinians in Charleston|| |
|{{Flagicon image|South Carolina Sovereignty-Secession Flag.svg}} [[South Carolina in the American Civil War|South Carolina]]||[[Declaration of the Immediate Causes Which Induce and Justify the Secession of South Carolina from the Federal Union]]||December 24||1860||{{Flag|United States|1859}}||South Carolinians in Charleston|| |
Adeclaration of independence, declaration of statehoodorproclamation of independence is an assertion by a polity in a defined territory that it is independent and constitutes a state. Such places are usually declared from part or all of the territory of another state or failed state, or are breakaway territories from within the larger state. In 2010, the UN's International Court of Justice ruled in an advisory opinion in Kosovo that "International law contains no prohibition on declarations of independence",[1] though the state from which the territory wishes to secede may regard the declaration as rebellion, which may lead to a war of independence or a constitutional settlement to resolve the crisis.
Tuesday July 2, 1776 [...] Resolved, That these United colonies are, and, of right, ought to be, Free and Independent States; that they are absolved of all allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connexion between them and the state of Great Britain, is, and ought to be, totally dissolved.
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