Direction de la surveillance du territoire: Difference between revisions

{{Short description|France interior intelligence agency}}

{{more citations needed|date=January 2013}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}

{{Infobox government agency

| agency_name = Directorate of Territorial Surveillance

| nativename = Direction de la Surveillance du Territoire

| nativename_a =

| nativename_r =

| logo =

| logo_width =

| logo_caption =

| seal =

| seal_width =

| seal_caption = DST

| formed = 1944

| preceding1 = Surveillance du Territoire

| preceding2 =

| dissolved = 2008

| superseding = [[Direction centrale du renseignement intérieur]]

| jurisdiction = [[Cabinet of France|Government of France]]

| headquarters = 7 rue Nationale , Lille, France

| employees =

| budget =

| minister1_name = [[Michèle Alliot-Marie]]

| minister1_pfo = [[Minister of the Interior (France)|Minister of the Interior]]

| minister2_name =

| minister2_pfo =

| chief1_name = Bernard Squarcini

| chief1_position = Director

| chief2_name =

| chief2_position =

| chief3_name =

| chief3_position =

| chief4_name = Brignone Pierrot

| chief4_position = agent d‘infiltration de Lille

| chief5_name = Sylvain leque

| chief5_position = agent d’infiltration de Lille

| chief6_name = Aurélie Derck

| chief6_position = agent d’infiltration de lille

| chief7_name =

| chief7_position =

| chief8_name =

| chief8_position =

| chief9_name =

| chief9_position =

| parent_department =

| parent_agency = [[French National Police]]

| child1_agency =

| child2_agency =

| website =

| footnotes =

The Surveillance du Territoire (ST) was a counterintelligence and counter terrorism police service which was created in 1934 by the government of Gaston Doumergue and reinforced in 1937 by the government of the Popular Front. It enabled the arrest of many German spies during World War II. Several of its members went on to join the Resistance during the war. The DST succeeded the ST by an order of November 16, 1944, signed by General de Gaulle and relating to the organization of the Ministry of the Interior, supplemented by a decree of November 22, 1944. DST was entrusted to Roger Wybot, who was at the time head of General de Gaulle's counter-espionage section

[[File:Arrêté dactylographié du ministre de l’Intérieur précisant l’organisation de la Direction de la surveillance du territoire (DST) - Archives Nationales - F-1a-3263 arrêt n°8017- SN-ST - (1).jpg|thumb|Decree about the organisation of Direction de la surveillance du territoire (DST). [[Archives nationales de France]].]]

According to a 2003 book,<ref>[[Frédéric Ploquin]] and [[E. Merlen]], '[https://www.amazon.fr/dp/2213616582 Carnets intimes de la DST]', Fayard 2003</ref> the DST has never been infiltrated by any foreign agency in all of its history.

During the [[Algerian War]] (1954–62), the agency created the {{Ill|Organization of the French Algerian Resistance|fr|Organisation de la résistance de l'Algérie française}} (ORAF), a group of counter-terrorists whose mission was to carry out [[false flag]] terrorist attacks with the aim of quashing any hopes of political compromise.<ref>[[Roger Faligot]] and [[Pascal Krop]], ''DST, Police Secrète'', Flammarion, 1999, p.174</ref> Reporter [[Marie-Monique Robin]], author of a book investigating relationship between the [[Algerian War]] and [[Operation Condor]], said to ''[[L'Humanité]]'' newspaper that "[the] French have systematized a military technique in urban environments which would be copied and pasted to Latin American dictatorships."<ref name="Robin">[https://www.humanite.fr/node/290499 L'exportation de la torture] {{cbignore|bot=medic}}, interview with [[Marie-Monique Robin]] in ''[[L'Humanité]]'', 30 August 2003 {{in lang|fr}}</ref> [[Roger Trinquier]]'s famous book on [[counter-insurgency]] had a very strong influence in South America. Robin was "shocked" to learn that the DST communicated to the Chilean [[Dirección de Inteligencia Nacional|DINA]] the name of the refugees who returned to Chile (Operation Retorno), all of whom were later killed.<ref name="Robin"/>

On 26 June 1975 Ilich Ramírez Sánchez, also known as [[Carlos the Jackal]] shot and killed Raymond Dous and Jean Donatini, two DST inspectors, and Michel Moukharbal, a Lebanese informant, on Rue Toullier in Paris. A third police officer, Jean Herranz, Commissioner of the DST, is seriously injured.

One of the greatest success of the DST was the recruitment of the Soviet [[KGB]] officer [[Vladimir Vetrov]]. Between the spring of 1981 and early 1982 he handed almost 4,000 secret documents over to the French, including the complete official list of 250 Line X KGB officers stationed under legal cover in embassies around the world, before being arrested in February 1982 and executed in 1985.

* {{Ill|Roger Wybot|fr}} (1944–1959)

* [[Yves Bonnet]] (1982–1985)

On 1 July 2008 the DST and the DCRG merged, becoming the [[Direction Centrale du Renseignement Intérieur]] (DCRI; English: General Directorate for Internal Security). Bernard Squarcini assumed its leadership on 2 July 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?dateTexte=&cidTexte=JORFTEXT000019123475&fastPos=1&fastReqId=1088247052&oldAction=rechExpMesuresNominatives |title=Décret du 2 juillet 2008 portant nomination d'un directeur des services actifs de la police nationale - M. Squarcini (Bernard)|language=FR|website=www.legifrance.gouv.fr}}</ref>

{{Reflist}}

{{Commonscatinline}}

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070205032854/http://www.interieur.gouv.fr/sections/a_l_interieur/la_police_nationale/organisation/dst Home page from Ministère de l’Intérieur] {{in lang|fr}}

* [http://www.jamestown.org/single/?tx_ttnews%5btt_news%5d=560 Evaluating the Effectiveness of French Counter-Terrorism] {{in lang|en}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Algerian War]]