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{{Short description|American politician (1924–2019)}} |
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{{for|the British politician|Donald M. Fraser (British politician)}} |
{{for|the British politician|Donald M. Fraser (British politician)}} |
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{{Infobox officeholder |
{{Infobox officeholder |
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| image = 1977 Congressional Pictorial Donald Fraser.jpg |
| image = 1977 Congressional Pictorial Donald Fraser (cropped).jpg |
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| office = 44th [[List of mayors of Minneapolis|Mayor of Minneapolis]] |
| office = 44th [[List of mayors of Minneapolis|Mayor of Minneapolis]] |
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| term_start = January 2, 1980 |
| term_start = January 2, 1980 |
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| birth_place = [[Minneapolis]], [[Minnesota]], U.S. |
| birth_place = [[Minneapolis]], [[Minnesota]], U.S. |
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| death_date = {{death date and age|2019|6|2|1924|2|20}} |
| death_date = {{death date and age|2019|6|2|1924|2|20}} |
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| death_place = |
| death_place = Minneapolis, Minnesota, U.S. |
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| party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] |
| party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] |
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| spouse = {{marriage|[[Arvonne Fraser|Arvonne Skelton]]|1950|2018|end=died}} |
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Arvonne Fraser|Arvonne Skelton]]|1950|2018|end=died}} |
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| children = 6 |
| children = 6 |
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| education = [[University of Minnesota |
| education = [[University of Minnesota]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]], [[Bachelor of Laws|LLB]]) |
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}} |
}} |
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'''Donald MacKay Fraser''' (February 20, 1924 – June 2, 2019) was an |
'''Donald MacKay Fraser''' (February 20, 1924 – June 2, 2019) was an American politician from Minnesota who served as [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. Representative]] from [[Minnesota's 5th congressional district]] from 1963 to 1979 and as mayor of [[Minneapolis]] from 1980 to 1994. |
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==Early life== |
==Early life== |
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{{More citations needed|section|date=June 2019}} |
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Fraser was born in [[Minneapolis]], [[Minnesota]], to Everett and Lois Fraser, immigrants from [[Canada]]. His father studied law at Harvard, began teaching at [[George Washington University]] and became dean of the [[University of Minnesota Law School]] in 1920. Fraser graduated from University High School in 1941 and that year, he entered the [[University of Minnesota]]. During college, he was a member of the varsity swimming team. |
Fraser was born in [[Minneapolis]], [[Minnesota]], to Everett and Lois (McKay) Fraser, immigrants from [[Canada]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gnhOAQAAMAAJ&q=Everett+Lois+Fraser|title = Minutes|year = 1969}}</ref> His father studied law at [[Harvard University]], began teaching at [[George Washington University]] and became dean of the [[University of Minnesota Law School]] in 1920. Fraser graduated from University High School in 1941 and that year, he entered the [[University of Minnesota]]. During college, he was a member of the varsity swimming team. |
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Having joined the [[US Navy]] [[ROTC]], he was placed on active duty in July 1942 and continued his naval studies on campus until February 1944, when he was commissioned an officer and sent to the [[Pacific Ocean theater of World War II|Pacific Theater]] during [[World War II]]. Fraser worked as a [[radar]] officer into the peacetime that followed, ending in 1946. In June 1946 Fraser returned to Minneapolis to study law at the [[University of Minnesota Law School]]. |
Having joined the [[US Navy]] [[ROTC]], he was placed on active duty in July 1942 and continued his naval studies on campus until February 1944, when he was commissioned an officer and sent to the [[Pacific Ocean theater of World War II|Pacific Theater]] during [[World War II]]. Fraser worked as a [[radar]] officer into the peacetime that followed, ending in 1946. In June 1946 Fraser returned to Minneapolis to study law at the [[University of Minnesota Law School]]. |
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Fraser served as a member of the ''Minnesota Law Review'' and wrote a law review article on the illegality of racial covenants for land, a position supported by the [[ |
Fraser served as a member of the ''[[Minnesota Law Review]]'' and wrote a law review article on the illegality of [[racial covenants]] for land, a position supported by the [[United States Supreme Court]] in 1948. Fraser earned his law degree and was admitted to the bar, the same year. He joined the politically active firm of Larson, Loevinger, Lindquist, Freeman, and Fraser. Fraser engaged in general law practice and served as municipal attorney for the suburban community of [[Brooklyn Center, Minnesota]]. He married [[Arvonne Fraser|Arvonne Skelton]] in 1950 and the following year, they had the first of their six children: Thomas, Mary, John, Lois, Anne, and Jean. |
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==Political career== |
==Political career== |
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[[File:1973 Congressional Pictorial Donald Fraser.jpg|thumb|100px|left|1973, ''Congressional Pictorial Directory'']] |
[[File:1973 Congressional Pictorial Donald Fraser.jpg|thumb|100px|left|1973, ''Congressional Pictorial Directory'']] |
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In 1954, Fraser was elected to the [[Minnesota Senate]] and served for eight years. In 1962, he was elected to the House of Representatives from Minnesota's Fifth District. He served there in the [[88th United States Congress|88th]] |
In 1954, Fraser was elected to the [[Minnesota Senate]] and served for eight years. In 1962, he was elected to the [[U.S. House of Representatives]] from Minnesota's Fifth District. He served there in the [[88th United States Congress|88th]] through the [[95th United States Congress|95th]] Congresses, from January 3, 1963 until January 3, 1979.<ref>[http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=F000350, "Fraser, Donald MacKay, (1924 - 2019)"]. U.S. House of Representatives, Office of History and Preservation & U.S. Senate Office of the Historian, ''Biographical Directory of the United States Congress,'' accessed June 5, 2019</ref> Fraser is now best known for his work as the chair of the International Organizations and Movements subcommittee, a post he used to hold hearings on human rights violations in U.S. allies. As the historian [[Barbara Keys]] has shown, from 1973 to 1976, Fraser was a key leader in Congress in drafting legislation to reduce U.S. aid to countries whose governments engaged in a pattern of "gross violations of human rights."{{Citation needed|date=June 2019}} His efforts laid the foundations for much of [[Jimmy Carter]]'s human rights agenda and transformed the way the U.S. Department of State operates, mandating that it write annual country reports on human rights and ensuring that diplomatic posts take note of human rights issues.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Keys|first1=Barbara|title=Congress, Kissinger, and the Origins of Human Rights Diplomacy|journal=Diplomatic History|date=November 2010|volume=34|issue=4|pages=830–832|doi=10.1111/j.1467-7709.2010.00897.x}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|authorlink1=Barbara Keys|last1=Keys|first1=Barbara J.|title=Reclaiming American Virtue : The Human Rights Revolution of the 1970s|date=2014|isbn=978-0-674-72485-3|pages=140–148}}</ref> He gave up his seat to run for the [[U.S. Senate]]. He narrowly lost the 1978 Senate primary election to [[Bob Short]], who then lost in the general election to [[David Durenberger]].{{Citation needed|date=June 2019}} |
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Fraser served as president of [[Americans for Democratic Action]] from 1974 to 1976. He was elected [[mayor]] of Minneapolis in 1979, taking office on January 2, 1980. His first mayoral term was two years |
Fraser served as president of [[Americans for Democratic Action]] from 1974 to 1976. He was elected [[mayor]] of Minneapolis in 1979, taking office on January 2, 1980. His first mayoral term was two years; he was re-elected to three four-year terms. He was the oldest, longest-lived and longest-serving mayor in Minneapolis history.<ref name = Hill>Tony L. Hill, [http://www.nyx.net/~thill/mayoral.superlatives.html "Minneapolis Mayoral Superlatives,"], accessed June 5, 2019</ref> He left office on January 3, 1994, and was succeeded by the city's first female and first [[African-American]] mayor, [[Sharon Sayles Belton]].<ref name = Hill/> |
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Fraser died on June 2, 2019, at age 95.<ref>[http://www.startribune.com/a-minnesota-politician-for-four-decades-don-fraser-has-died-at-95/510743592/ A Minnesota politician for four decades, Don Fraser has died at 95]</ref> |
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Fraser left office on January 3, 1994, and was succeeded by the city's first female and first [[African-American]] mayor, [[Sharon Sayles Belton]]. |
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He served as a member of the [[Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party]]. Arvonne Fraser ran for lieutenant governor in 1986. |
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Fraser died on June 2, 2019. He was the longest-lived Minneapolis mayor. |
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==Papers== |
==Papers== |
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His papers are available for research. The collection is particularly strong in its documentation of international relations, Democratic Party policy and reform, human rights issues, environmental conservation, and women's issues, in the 1960s and 1970s.<ref>[http://www2.mnhs.org/library/findaids/00290.xml Donald M. Fraser Papers]</ref> |
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==Endorsement of United Nations Parliamentary Assembly (UNPA)== |
==Endorsement of United Nations Parliamentary Assembly (UNPA)== |
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On April 23, 2014, Fraser endorsed the proposal for the [[United Nations Parliamentary Assembly]]. He is one of only six people who served in Congress to do so.<ref>UNPA website. http://en.unpacampaign.org/supporters/overview/?mapcountry=US&mapgroup=cur |
On April 23, 2014, Fraser endorsed the proposal for the [[United Nations Parliamentary Assembly]]. He is one of only six people who served in Congress to do so.<ref>UNPA website. http://en.unpacampaign.org/supporters/overview/?mapcountry=US&mapgroup=cur Retrieved 28 August 2017</ref> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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==References== |
==References== |
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⚫ | *[http://www.leg.state.mn.us/legdb/fulldetail.asp?ID=10190 Minnesota Legislators Past and Present] |
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⚫ | |||
<references/> |
<references/> |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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⚫ | * [http://www.leg.state.mn.us/legdb/fulldetail.asp?ID=10190 Minnesota Legislators Past and Present] |
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*[http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=F000350 Fraser, Donald MacKay, (1924– ).] [[Biographical Directory of the United States Congress]]. |
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⚫ | |||
* Kerr, Euan, [https://www.mprnews.org/story/2019/06/03/fraser-remembered-as-quiet-giant-of-minnesota-politics "Fraser remembered as 'quiet giant' of Minnesota politics"]. ''[[Minnesota Public Radio News]]'', June 3, 2019. |
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*{{C-SPAN|8926}} |
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{{Commons}} |
{{Commons}} |
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{{wikisource author}} |
{{wikisource author}} |
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{{s-ppo}} |
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{{s-vac|last=[[Howard Baker]], [[George H. W. Bush]], [[Peter H. Dominick|Peter Dominick]], [[Gerald Ford]], [[Robert P. Griffin|Robert Griffin]], [[Thomas Kuchel]], [[Melvin Laird|Mel Laird]], [[Bob Mathias]], [[George Murphy]], [[Richard Harding Poff|Dick Poff]], [[Charles H. Percy|Chuck Percy]], [[Al Quie]], [[Charlotte Thompson Reid|Charlotte Reid]], [[Hugh Scott]], [[William A. Steiger|Bill Steiger]], [[John Tower]]}} |
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{{s-ttl|title=[[Response to the State of the Union address]]|years=1970|alongside=[[Henry M. Jackson|Scoop Jackson]], [[Mike Mansfield]], [[John William McCormack|John McCormack]], [[Edmund Muskie|Ed Muskie]], [[William Proxmire|Bill Proxmire]], [[Patsy Mink]]}} |
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{{s-aft|after=[[Mike Mansfield]]}} |
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{{succession box |
{{succession box |
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| title = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] nominee for [[List of mayors of Minneapolis|Mayor of]] [[Minneapolis]] |
| title = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] nominee for [[List of mayors of Minneapolis|Mayor of]] [[Minneapolis]] |
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{{USCongRep-start|congresses= 88th–95th [[United States Congress]]es |state=[[Minnesota]]}} |
{{USCongRep-start|congresses= 88th–95th [[United States Congress]]es |state=[[Minnesota]]}} |
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{{USCongRep/MN/88}} |
{{USCongRep/MN/88}} |
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{{USCongRep/MN/88/2}} |
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{{USCongRep/MN/89}} |
{{USCongRep/MN/89}} |
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{{USCongRep/MN/90}} |
{{USCongRep/MN/90}} |
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{{USCongRep/MN/93}} |
{{USCongRep/MN/93}} |
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{{USCongRep/MN/94}} |
{{USCongRep/MN/94}} |
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{{USCongRep/MN/94/2}} |
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{{USCongRep/MN/95}} |
{{USCongRep/MN/95}} |
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{{USCongRep/MN/95/2}} |
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{{USCongRep/MN/95/3}} |
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{{USCongRep-end}} |
{{USCongRep-end}} |
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[[Category:1924 births]] |
[[Category:1924 births]] |
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[[Category:2019 deaths]] |
[[Category:2019 deaths]] |
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[[Category:Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives]] |
[[Category:Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Minnesota]] |
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[[Category:Lawyers from Minneapolis]] |
[[Category:Lawyers from Minneapolis]] |
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[[Category:Mayors of Minneapolis]] |
[[Category:Mayors of Minneapolis]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Military personnel from Minneapolis]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Democratic Party Minnesota state senators]] |
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[[Category:Minnesota Democrats]] |
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[[Category:Minnesota state senators]] |
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[[Category:People from Brooklyn Center, Minnesota]] |
[[Category:People from Brooklyn Center, Minnesota]] |
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[[Category:Politicians from Minneapolis]] |
[[Category:Politicians from Minneapolis]] |
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[[Category:University of Minnesota Law School alumni]] |
[[Category:University of Minnesota Law School alumni]] |
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[[Category:American people of Canadian descent]] |
[[Category:American people of Canadian descent]] |
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[[Category:20th-century American lawyers]] |
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[[Category:United States Navy personnel of World War II]] |
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[[Category:20th-century mayors of places in Minnesota]] |
Donald M. Fraser
| |
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![]() | |
44th Mayor of Minneapolis | |
In office January 2, 1980 – January 3, 1994 | |
Preceded by | Albert Hofstede |
Succeeded by | Sharon Sayles Belton |
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Minnesota's 5th district | |
In office January 3, 1963 – January 3, 1979 | |
Preceded by | Walter Judd |
Succeeded by | Martin Olav Sabo |
Personal details | |
Born | Donald MacKay Fraser (1924-02-20)February 20, 1924 Minneapolis, Minnesota, U.S. |
Died | June 2, 2019(2019-06-02) (aged 95) Minneapolis, Minnesota, U.S. |
Political party | Democratic |
Spouse |
(m. 1950; died 2018) |
Children | 6 |
Education | University of Minnesota (BA, LLB) |
|
Donald MacKay Fraser (February 20, 1924 – June 2, 2019) was an American politician from Minnesota who served as U.S. Representative from Minnesota's 5th congressional district from 1963 to 1979 and as mayor of Minneapolis from 1980 to 1994.
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this articlebyadding citations to reliable sources in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
Find sources: "Donald M. Fraser" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (June 2019) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
Fraser was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, to Everett and Lois (McKay) Fraser, immigrants from Canada.[1] His father studied law at Harvard University, began teaching at George Washington University and became dean of the University of Minnesota Law School in 1920. Fraser graduated from University High School in 1941 and that year, he entered the University of Minnesota. During college, he was a member of the varsity swimming team.
Having joined the US Navy ROTC, he was placed on active duty in July 1942 and continued his naval studies on campus until February 1944, when he was commissioned an officer and sent to the Pacific Theater during World War II. Fraser worked as a radar officer into the peacetime that followed, ending in 1946. In June 1946 Fraser returned to Minneapolis to study law at the University of Minnesota Law School.
Fraser served as a member of the Minnesota Law Review and wrote a law review article on the illegality of racial covenants for land, a position supported by the United States Supreme Court in 1948. Fraser earned his law degree and was admitted to the bar, the same year. He joined the politically active firm of Larson, Loevinger, Lindquist, Freeman, and Fraser. Fraser engaged in general law practice and served as municipal attorney for the suburban community of Brooklyn Center, Minnesota. He married Arvonne Skelton in 1950 and the following year, they had the first of their six children: Thomas, Mary, John, Lois, Anne, and Jean.
In 1954, Fraser was elected to the Minnesota Senate and served for eight years. In 1962, he was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives from Minnesota's Fifth District. He served there in the 88th through the 95th Congresses, from January 3, 1963 until January 3, 1979.[2] Fraser is now best known for his work as the chair of the International Organizations and Movements subcommittee, a post he used to hold hearings on human rights violations in U.S. allies. As the historian Barbara Keys has shown, from 1973 to 1976, Fraser was a key leader in Congress in drafting legislation to reduce U.S. aid to countries whose governments engaged in a pattern of "gross violations of human rights."[citation needed] His efforts laid the foundations for much of Jimmy Carter's human rights agenda and transformed the way the U.S. Department of State operates, mandating that it write annual country reports on human rights and ensuring that diplomatic posts take note of human rights issues.[3][4] He gave up his seat to run for the U.S. Senate. He narrowly lost the 1978 Senate primary election to Bob Short, who then lost in the general election to David Durenberger.[citation needed]
Fraser served as president of Americans for Democratic Action from 1974 to 1976. He was elected mayor of Minneapolis in 1979, taking office on January 2, 1980. His first mayoral term was two years; he was re-elected to three four-year terms. He was the oldest, longest-lived and longest-serving mayor in Minneapolis history.[5] He left office on January 3, 1994, and was succeeded by the city's first female and first African-American mayor, Sharon Sayles Belton.[5]
Fraser died on June 2, 2019, at age 95.[6]
His papers are available for research. The collection is particularly strong in its documentation of international relations, Democratic Party policy and reform, human rights issues, environmental conservation, and women's issues, in the 1960s and 1970s.[7]
On April 23, 2014, Fraser endorsed the proposal for the United Nations Parliamentary Assembly. He is one of only six people who served in Congress to do so.[8]
U.S. House of Representatives | ||
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Preceded by | Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Minnesota's 5th congressional district January 3, 1963 – January 3, 1979 |
Succeeded by |
Party political offices | ||
Vacant Title last held by Howard Baker, George H. W. Bush, Peter Dominick, Gerald Ford, Robert Griffin, Thomas Kuchel, Mel Laird, Bob Mathias, George Murphy, Dick Poff, Chuck Percy, Al Quie, Charlotte Reid, Hugh Scott, Bill Steiger, John Tower |
Response to the State of the Union address 1970 Served alongside: Scoop Jackson, Mike Mansfield, John McCormack, Ed Muskie, Bill Proxmire, Patsy Mink |
Succeeded by |
Preceded by | Democratic nominee for Mayor of Minneapolis 1979, 1981, 1985, 1989 |
Succeeded by |
Political offices | ||
Preceded by | Mayor of Minneapolis January 2, 1980 – January 3, 1994 |
Succeeded by |
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