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{{Short description|Senior ambassador by length of service}} |
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{{Wiktionary}} |
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{{Other uses}} |
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'''Doyen''' is a [[surname]]. The word ''doyen'' (''doyenne'' in the feminine [[grammatical gender]]) is derived from the [[French language|French]] term for dean, ''e.g.'' [[Dean (religion)]] and [[Dean (education)]]. |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}} |
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[[File:O Decano do Corpo Diplomático (segunda tomada de posse de Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa, 2021-03-09).png|thumb|right|The Apostolic Nuncio [[Ivo Scapolo]], as Doyen, is the single member of the diplomatic corps in attendance at the second inauguration of [[Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa]], [[President of Portugal]], held in March 2021 during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]]]] |
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A '''doyen''' or '''doyenne''' (from the [[French language|French]] word ''[[wikt:doyen#French|doyen]]'', ''doyenne'' in the feminine [[grammatical gender]]) is the senior ambassador by length of service in a particular country.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/diplomacy/Modern-diplomatic-practice|title=Diplomacy - Modern diplomatic practice | Britannica}}</ref> |
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In the English language, its meaning has extended to refer to any senior member of a group,<ref>''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]'' 2nd Ed. 1998</ref> particularly one whose knowledge or abilities exceed that of other members. |
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In the English language, the meaning of ''doyen'' (feminine form: ''doyenne'') has been borrowed from French to refer to any senior member of a group,<ref>''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]'' 2nd Ed. 1998</ref> particularly one whose knowledge or abilities exceed those of other members. In the [[United States]] and other English-speaking countries, the title of [[Dean of the Diplomatic Corps|Dean]] is often used for the seniormost member of the diplomatic corps.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Deans of the Diplomatic Corps |url=https://www.state.gov/resources-for-foreign-embassies/deans-of-the-diplomatic-corps/ |website=United States Department of State |access-date=9 June 2022}}</ref> |
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'''Doyen''' may refer to: |
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In many Catholic countries, the doyen of the diplomatic corps is the [[Apostolic Nuncio]] regardless of the length of service. In a number of former colonies in Africa, the ambassador of the former metropolis holds this position. |
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* [[Charles A. Doyen]] (1859-1918) - American Marine Corps officer |
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* [[Gabriel François Doyen]] (1726-1806) - French painter |
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* [[Gustave Doyen]] (1827-?) - French painter |
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* Louis Doyen - French inventor of [[Doypack]] |
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* [[Ross Doyen]] (1926-2014) -American farmer, rancher, and state legislator |
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* The [[Doyen des Français|Doyen and Doyenne of France]], the oldest living Français |
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A doyen or dean can only be a diplomatic representative of the highest class{{snd}}an [[ambassador]] or a [[papal nuncio]] (in some Catholic countries, only a nuncio, regardless of the time of accreditation, and in Burkina Faso, only one of the ambassadors of African countries).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://augengeradeaus.net/2019/02/in-der-russischen-botschaft-jetzt-praktisch-ganz-ohne-nato/|title = In der russischen Botschaft, jetzt praktisch ganz ohne NATO (M. Nachtrag) – Augen geradeaus!}}</ref> The foreman's activities, for example, include instructing colleagues about local diplomatic customs. The moment of seniority of the heads of representative offices of the corresponding class in the diplomatic corps is determined by the date and hour of entry into the performance of their functions (in the practice of modern states, this moment is considered the time of presenting the credentials).<ref>[https://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/blob/199690/6c8f7be6122c1b80a1d1da257c7ffa3a/anciennitaetenliste-data.pdf Anciennitätenliste] des Auswärtigen Amts, PDF-Dok. c. 405 kB, retrieved 14 January 2019, wird ständig aktualisiert.</ref> |
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==Places== |
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* [[Ouzouer-le-Doyen]] - village and commune in north central France |
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* [[La Ferrière-au-Doyen]] - village and commune in northwest France |
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In most countries, the longest-serving [[ambassador]] to a country is given the title doyen of the Diplomatic Corps. The doyen is often accorded a high position in the [[order of precedence]]. In [[New Zealand order of precedence|New Zealand]], for example, the doyen takes precedence over figures such as the [[Deputy Prime Minister of New Zealand|deputy prime minister]] and former [[List of governor-generals of New Zealand|governors-general]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Order of Precedence in New Zealand|url=http://gg.govt.nz/sites/all/files/u15/2015%20Order%20of%20Precedence%20for%20New%20Zealand.pdf|website=Website of the Governor-General of New Zealand|publisher=New Zealand Government|access-date=15 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304142748/http://gg.govt.nz/sites/all/files/u15/2015%20Order%20of%20Precedence%20for%20New%20Zealand.pdf|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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==Other== |
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* [[Doyen (horse)]] - race horse ranked 3rd in 2004 World Thoroughbred Racehorse Rankings, sired by Sadler's Wells (horse) |
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In many countries that have [[Catholicism]] as the official or dominant religion, the [[apostolic nuncio]] (the diplomatic representative of the [[Holy See]]) serves as doyen by virtue of his office, regardless of seniority;<ref>Hyginus Eugene Cardinale, ''The Holy See and the International Order'' ({{ISBN|0-900675-60-8}}), p. 160. Quote: "The right to precedence of all permanent papal representatives regardless of their title, from 1815-1849 was generally acknowledged and admitted without contestation by the governments of all the European States and of South America, and without any objection being raised by the diplomats accredited to these States, not even on the part of the British envoys. Such, for example, was the case of the internuncios Mgr Francesco Capaccini in Holland (1829-1831), Mgr Pasquale Gizzi (1835-1837) and Mgr Raffaele Fornari (1838-1841) in Belgium, Mgr Antonio Garibaldi in France (1836-1843) and all the papal diplomatic representatives with the title of apostolic delegate and envoy extraordinary in the various South American republics."</ref> in other cases, the nuncio is treated as an ordinary ambassador of the Holy See and has no special precedence. The [[Congress of Vienna]] and the [[Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations]] provided that any country may choose to give nuncios a different precedence than other ambassadors.<ref name="vienna1815_en">{{Cite encyclopedia|title=Regulation of Vienna on the classification of diplomatic agents|encyclopedia=Yearbook of the International Law Commission|date=1957|volume=II|language=fr|url=http://legal.un.org/docs/?path=../ilc/documentation/english/reports/a_cn4_110.pdf|page=135}}</ref> |
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* ''La Doyenne'' - one of the [[classic cycle races]] |
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* [[Doyen class attack transport]] - World War II United States Navy ships named for US Marine Corps generals |
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The diplomatic corps may also cooperate amongst itself on a number of matters, including certain dealings with the host government. In practical terms, the dean of the diplomatic corps may have a role to play in negotiating with local authorities regarding the application of aspects of the [[Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations]] and [[diplomatic immunity]], such as the payment of certain fees or taxes, since the receiving country is required "not to discriminate between states". In this sense, the dean has the role of representing the entire diplomatic corps for matters that affect the corps as a whole, although this function is rarely formalized. |
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* [[USS Doyen]] - United States Navy ships named for Charles A. Doyen |
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* Doyen's retractor - one of the [[instruments used in obstetrics and gynecology]] |
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* Doyen - the name of a piece of music written for Brass Band by Goff Richards |
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* [[Doyen Verlag]], imprint of VDM Publishing |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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[[Category:Diplomats by role]] |
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{{surname}} |
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[[Category:Titles]] |
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Adoyenordoyenne (from the French word doyen, doyenne in the feminine grammatical gender) is the senior ambassador by length of service in a particular country.[1]
In the English language, the meaning of doyen (feminine form: doyenne) has been borrowed from French to refer to any senior member of a group,[2] particularly one whose knowledge or abilities exceed those of other members. In the United States and other English-speaking countries, the title of Dean is often used for the seniormost member of the diplomatic corps.[3]
In many Catholic countries, the doyen of the diplomatic corps is the Apostolic Nuncio regardless of the length of service. In a number of former colonies in Africa, the ambassador of the former metropolis holds this position.
A doyen or dean can only be a diplomatic representative of the highest class – anambassador or a papal nuncio (in some Catholic countries, only a nuncio, regardless of the time of accreditation, and in Burkina Faso, only one of the ambassadors of African countries).[4] The foreman's activities, for example, include instructing colleagues about local diplomatic customs. The moment of seniority of the heads of representative offices of the corresponding class in the diplomatic corps is determined by the date and hour of entry into the performance of their functions (in the practice of modern states, this moment is considered the time of presenting the credentials).[5]
In most countries, the longest-serving ambassador to a country is given the title doyen of the Diplomatic Corps. The doyen is often accorded a high position in the order of precedence. In New Zealand, for example, the doyen takes precedence over figures such as the deputy prime minister and former governors-general.[6]
In many countries that have Catholicism as the official or dominant religion, the apostolic nuncio (the diplomatic representative of the Holy See) serves as doyen by virtue of his office, regardless of seniority;[7] in other cases, the nuncio is treated as an ordinary ambassador of the Holy See and has no special precedence. The Congress of Vienna and the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations provided that any country may choose to give nuncios a different precedence than other ambassadors.[8]
The diplomatic corps may also cooperate amongst itself on a number of matters, including certain dealings with the host government. In practical terms, the dean of the diplomatic corps may have a role to play in negotiating with local authorities regarding the application of aspects of the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations and diplomatic immunity, such as the payment of certain fees or taxes, since the receiving country is required "not to discriminate between states". In this sense, the dean has the role of representing the entire diplomatic corps for matters that affect the corps as a whole, although this function is rarely formalized.
