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| See = [[Bishop of Porto and Santa-Rufina|Porto e Santa Rufina]] ([[suburbicarian]]), [[Bishop of Ostia|Ostia]] (suburbicarian) |
| See = [[Bishop of Porto and Santa-Rufina|Porto e Santa Rufina]] ([[suburbicarian]]), [[Bishop of Ostia|Ostia]] (suburbicarian) |
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'''Eugène Gabriel Gervais Laurent Tisserant'''<ref>His surname is sometimes misspelled '''Tisserand''', as in the [http://www.academie-sciences.fr/membres/in_memoriam/in_memoriam_liste_alphabetique_T.htm list of the members of the French Academy.]</ref> (24 March 1884 – 21 February 1972) was a [[France|French]] [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal]] of the [[Roman Catholic Church]]. Elevated to the [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinalate]] in 1936, Tisserant was a prominent and long-time member of the [[Roman Curia]]. |
'''Eugène Gabriel Gervais Laurent Tisserant'''<ref>His surname is sometimes misspelled '''Tisserand''', as in the [http://www.academie-sciences.fr/membres/in_memoriam/in_memoriam_liste_alphabetique_T.htm list of the members of the French Academy.]</ref> (24 March 1884 – 21 February 1972) was a [[France|French]] [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal]] of the [[Roman Catholic Church]]. Elevated to the [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinalate]] in 1936, Tisserant was a prominent and long-time member of the [[Roman Curia]]. |
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==Life== |
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===Early life and ordination=== |
===Early life and ordination=== |
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Eugène Tisserant was born in [[Nancy, France|Nancy]] to Hippolyte and Octavée (née Connard) Tisserant. From 1900 to 1904, he studied [[theology]], [[Bible|Sacred Scripture]], [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]], [[Syriac language|Syriac]], [[Old Testament]], and [[The Orient|Oriental]] [[Patristics|Patrology]] at the [[seminary]] in Nancy. He then studied in [[Jerusalem]] under [[Marie-Joseph Lagrange]], [[Dominican Order|OP]], but returned to [[France]] in 1905 for [[military service]]. On 4 August 1907, Tisserant was [[Holy Orders|ordained]] a [[Priesthood (Catholic Church)|priest]] by [[Diocese of Nancy|Bishop Charles-François Turinaz]]. |
Eugène Tisserant was born in [[Nancy, France|Nancy]] to Hippolyte and Octavée (née Connard) Tisserant. From 1900 to 1904, he studied [[theology]], [[Bible|Sacred Scripture]], [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]], [[Syriac language|Syriac]], [[Old Testament]], and [[The Orient|Oriental]] [[Patristics|Patrology]] at the [[seminary]] in Nancy. He then studied in [[Jerusalem]] under [[Marie-Joseph Lagrange]], [[Dominican Order|OP]], but returned to [[France]] in 1905 for [[military service]]. On 4 August 1907, Tisserant was [[Holy Orders|ordained]] a [[Priesthood (Catholic Church)|priest]] by [[Diocese of Nancy|Bishop Charles-François Turinaz]]. |
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From 1962 to 1965, he attended the [[Second Vatican Council]] and sat on its Board of Presidency. Cardinal Tisserant is recorded as having participated in the negotiations of the [[Metz Accord]], a secretive 1960s agreement between Soviet and Vatican officials that authorized Eastern Orthodox participation in the [[Second Vatican Council]] in exchange for a non-condemnation of atheistic communism during the conciliar assemblies.<ref>Chiron, Yves, ''Paul VI: Le pape écartelé'', Perrin, Paris, 1993 ISBN 226200952X p. 186 and 246</ref><ref>Interview with Paul-Joseph Schmitt, Archbishop of Metz, in Le Lorrain, 9 March 1963</ref> As Dean of the Sacred College, he was the first person after Pope Paul VI to sign each of the acts of the Second Vatican Council. |
From 1962 to 1965, he attended the [[Second Vatican Council]] and sat on its Board of Presidency. Cardinal Tisserant is recorded as having participated in the negotiations of the [[Metz Accord]], a secretive 1960s agreement between Soviet and Vatican officials that authorized Eastern Orthodox participation in the [[Second Vatican Council]] in exchange for a non-condemnation of atheistic communism during the conciliar assemblies.<ref>Chiron, Yves, ''Paul VI: Le pape écartelé'', Perrin, Paris, 1993 ISBN 226200952X p. 186 and 246</ref><ref>Interview with Paul-Joseph Schmitt, Archbishop of Metz, in Le Lorrain, 9 March 1963</ref> As Dean of the Sacred College, he was the first person after Pope Paul VI to sign each of the acts of the Second Vatican Council. |
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In 1962, Tisserant became Grand Master of the [[Order of the Holy Sepulchre]], a position he held until his death. |
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In 1969, Tisserant demanded a retraction from Cardinal [[Leo Joseph Suenens]], [[Archbishop of Brussels-Mechelen]], for the "defamatory and slanderous" statements he allegedly made against the bureaucracy of the Roman Curia.<ref name="Time">''Time Magazine''. [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,901186,00.html "The Cardinal as Critic"], 1 August 1969</ref> |
In 1969, Tisserant demanded a retraction from Cardinal [[Leo Joseph Suenens]], [[Archbishop of Brussels-Mechelen]], for the "defamatory and slanderous" statements he allegedly made against the bureaucracy of the Roman Curia.<ref name="Time">''Time Magazine''. [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,901186,00.html "The Cardinal as Critic"], 1 August 1969</ref> |
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Eugène Tisserant
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| Dean of the College of Cardinals | |
Cardinal Tisserant in 1958
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| Installed | 13 January 1951 |
| Term ended | 21 February 1972 |
| Predecessor | Francesco Marchetti Selvaggiani |
| Successor | Amleto Giovanni Cicognani |
| Orders | |
| Ordination | 4 August, 1907 |
| Consecration | 25 July, 1937 by Pope Pius XII |
| Created cardinal | 15 June, 1936 |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Eugène Gabriel Gervais Laurent Tisserant (1884-03-24)March 24, 1884
Nancy, France
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| Died | February 21, 1972(1972-02-21) (aged 87) Vatican City |
| Nationality | French |
| Denomination | Roman Catholic |
| Previous post(s) | Cardinal-Priest of Ss. Vito, Modesto e Crescenzia (1936 - 1939)
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| Styles of Eugène Tisserant | |
|---|---|
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| Reference style | His Eminence |
| Spoken style | Your Eminence |
| Informal style | Cardinal |
| See | Porto e Santa Rufina (suburbicarian), Ostia (suburbicarian) |
Eugène Gabriel Gervais Laurent Tisserant[1] (24 March 1884 – 21 February 1972) was a French Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. Elevated to the cardinalate in 1936, Tisserant was a prominent and long-time member of the Roman Curia.
Eugène Tisserant was born in Nancy to Hippolyte and Octavée (née Connard) Tisserant. From 1900 to 1904, he studied theology, Sacred Scripture, Hebrew, Syriac, Old Testament, and Oriental Patrology at the seminary in Nancy. He then studied in Jerusalem under Marie-Joseph Lagrange, OP, but returned to France in 1905 for military service. On 4 August 1907, Tisserant was ordainedapriestbyBishop Charles-François Turinaz.
He served as a professor at the Pontifical Roman Athenaeum S. Apollinare and curator at the Vatican Library from 1908 to 1914, at which time he became an intelligence officer in the French Army during World War I. Named assistant librarian of the Vatican in 1919 and Monsignor in 1921, Tisserant became Pro-Prefect of the Vatican Library on 15 November 1930 and then protonotary apostolic on 13 January 1936.
In the consistory of 15 June 1936, Tisserant was created Cardinal-DeaconofSs. Vito, Modesto e Crescenzia by Pius XI. He was raised to the rank of Cardinal-Priest soon afterwards, retaining the same title.
On 25 June 1937, he was appointed Titular Archbishop of Iconium by Pope Pius XI. Tisserant received his episcopal consecration on the following 25 July from Cardinal Pacelli), with Archbishop Giuseppe Migone and Bishop Charles-Joseph-Eugène Ruch serving as co-consecrators, in St. Peter's Basilica. He participated in the conclavesof1939, which elected Pacelli as Pope Pius XII. With the new pontiff's permission, he switched from his titular church to that of Santa Maria sopra Minerva, formerly held by Pacelli.
Tisserant held a number of offices in the Roman Curia. He served as Secretary of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches (1936-1959), as President of the Pontifical Biblical Commission (1938–1946) and as Prefect of the Congregation of Ceremonies (1951-1967) until the latter congregation was divided into the Congregation for the Causes of Saints and that of Divine Worship). From 1957 to 1971, he served as Librarian and Archivist of the Holy Roman Church. Under Pius XII, Tisserant also headed a tribunal to investigate alleged abuses of Knights Hospitaller appointments, which concluded that there was no wrongdoing.[2]
In 1939, the French prelate urged Pius XII to promulgate an encyclical "on the duty of Catholics to resist the unjust orders of an authoritarian state".[3] After the outbreak of World War II, Pius XII refused to release Tisserant as the head of the Vatican Library, so that Tisserant could return to France to serve in the army.[4]
In 1946, Tisserant was elevated to the rank of Cardinal Bishop by Pius XII, taking the title of Porto e Santa Rufina in 1946. After serving as vice-dean of the College of Cardinals from 1947 to 1951, he became Dean and [[Bishop of Ostia] on 13 January 1951. As Dean of the Sacred College, he celebrated the funeral Masses of Popes Pius XII and John XXIII and presided over the conclaves to elect their successor in the conclaves of 1958 and 1963. During the 1958 conclave, he was seen as papabile by most Vatican-watchers, and it is generally believed that he received at least five votes in the early balloting.[5]
In 1961, he was also elected a member of the Académie française.
From 1962 to 1965, he attended the Second Vatican Council and sat on its Board of Presidency. Cardinal Tisserant is recorded as having participated in the negotiations of the Metz Accord, a secretive 1960s agreement between Soviet and Vatican officials that authorized Eastern Orthodox participation in the Second Vatican Council in exchange for a non-condemnation of atheistic communism during the conciliar assemblies.[6][7] As Dean of the Sacred College, he was the first person after Pope Paul VI to sign each of the acts of the Second Vatican Council.
In 1962, Tisserant became Grand Master of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre, a position he held until his death.
In 1969, Tisserant demanded a retraction from Cardinal Leo Joseph Suenens, Archbishop of Brussels-Mechelen, for the "defamatory and slanderous" statements he allegedly made against the bureaucracy of the Roman Curia.[5]
Tisserant died in 1972 from a heart attackinAlbano Laziale,[8] at age 87. He is buried in the Cathedral of Porto e Santa Rufina in Rome.
Tisserant was reportedly fluent in thirteen languages: Amharic, Arabic, Akkadian, English, French, German, Greek, Hebrew, Italian, Latin, Persian, Russian, Syriac.[9]
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| Preceded by | Dean of the College of Cardinals 1951-1972 |
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| Preceded by | Archivist of the Holy Roman Church 14 September 1957 - 27 March 1971 |
Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Grand Master of the Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem 1962-1972 |
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| Cultural offices | ||
| Preceded by | Seat 37 Académie française 1961-1972 |
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