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{{Short description|Official journal of the US federal government}} |
{{Short description|Official journal of the US federal government}} |
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{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2022}} |
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{{Infobox newspaper |
{{Infobox newspaper |
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| name = Federal Register |
| name = Federal Register |
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| caption = Cover |
| caption = Cover |
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| type = Daily [[government gazette|official journal]] |
| type = Daily [[government gazette|official journal]] |
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| format = |
| format = |
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| owners = |
| owners = |
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| founder = |
| founder = |
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| language = English |
| language = English |
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| ceased publication = |
| ceased publication = |
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| relaunched = |
| relaunched = |
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| headquarters = United States |
| headquarters = United States |
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| circulation = |
| circulation = |
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| ISSN = 0097-6326 |
| ISSN = 0097-6326 |
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| oclc = 1768512 |
| oclc = 1768512 |
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| website = {{URL| |
| website = {{URL|federalregister.gov}} |
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| free = {{URL| |
| free = {{URL|archives.gov/federal-register}} |
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| dirinteractive = |
| dirinteractive = |
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}} |
}} |
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The '''''Federal Register''''' ('''FR''' or sometimes '''Fed. Reg.''') is the [[government gazette|official journal]] of the [[federal government of the United States]] that contains government agency rules, proposed rules, and public notices.<ref>{{usc|44|1505}}</ref> It is published every weekday, except on [[Federal holidays in the United States|federal holidays]]. The final rules promulgated by a federal agency and published in the ''Federal Register'' are ultimately reorganized by topic or subject matter and [[Codification (law)|codified]] in the ''[[Code of Federal Regulations]]'' (CFR), which is updated |
The '''''Federal Register''''' ('''FR''' or sometimes '''Fed. Reg.''') is the [[government gazette|official journal]] of the [[federal government of the United States]] that contains government agency rules, proposed rules, and public notices.<ref>{{usc|44|1505}}</ref> It is published every weekday, except on [[Federal holidays in the United States|federal holidays]]. The final rules promulgated by a federal agency and published in the ''Federal Register'' are ultimately reorganized by topic or subject matter and [[Codification (law)|codified]] in the ''[[Code of Federal Regulations]]'' (CFR), which is updated quarterly.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-08-15 |title=About the Code of Federal Regulations |url=https://www.archives.gov/federal-register/cfr/about.html |access-date=2023-05-10 |website=National Archives |language=en}}</ref> |
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The ''Federal Register'' is compiled by the [[Office of the Federal Register]] (within the [[National Archives and Records Administration]]) and is printed by the [[United States Government Publishing Office|Government Publishing Office]]. There are no [[copyright]] restrictions on the ''Federal Register''; as a [[Copyright status of work by the U.S. government|work of the U.S. government]], it is in the [[public domain]].<ref>{{CodeFedReg|1|2|6}}; "Any person may reproduce or republish, without restriction, any material appearing in any regular or special edition of the Federal Register."</ref> |
The ''Federal Register'' is compiled by the [[Office of the Federal Register]] (within the [[National Archives and Records Administration]]) and is printed by the [[United States Government Publishing Office|Government Publishing Office]]. There are no [[copyright]] restrictions on the ''Federal Register''; as a [[Copyright status of work by the U.S. government|work of the U.S. government]], it is in the [[public domain]].<ref>{{CodeFedReg|1|2|6}}; "Any person may reproduce or republish, without restriction, any material appearing in any regular or special edition of the Federal Register."</ref> |
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==Contents== |
==Contents== |
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The ''Federal Register'' provides a means for the government to announce to the public changes to government requirements, policies, and guidance. |
The ''Federal Register'' provides a means for the government to announce to the public changes to government requirements, policies, and guidance. |
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* Proposed new rules and |
* Proposed new rules and regulations |
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* Final rules |
* Final rules |
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* Changes to existing rules |
* Changes to existing rules |
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* Notices of meetings and adjudicatory proceedings |
* Notices of meetings and adjudicatory proceedings |
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* Presidential documents including [[ |
* Presidential documents including [[executive order]]s, proclamations and administrative orders. |
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Both proposed and final government rules are published in the ''Federal Register''. |
Both proposed and final government rules are published in the ''Federal Register''. A [[Notice of Proposed Rulemaking]] (or "NPRM") typically requests public comment on a proposed rule and provides notice of any public meetings where a proposed rule will be discussed. The public comments are considered by the issuing [[government agencies|government agency]], and the text of a final rule along with a discussion of the comments is published in the ''Federal Register''. Any agency proposing a rule in the ''Federal Register'' must provide contact information for people and organizations interested in making comments to the agencies and the agencies are required to address these concerns when it publishes its final rule on the subject. |
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The notice and comment process, as outlined in the Administrative Procedure Act, gives the people a chance to participate in agency [[rulemaking]]. Publication of documents in the ''Federal Register'' also constitutes [[constructive notice]], and its contents are [[judicial notice|judicially noticed]].{{sfn|Kohlmetz|1948|p=58}} |
The notice and comment process, as outlined in the Administrative Procedure Act, gives the people a chance to participate in agency [[rulemaking]]. Publication of documents in the ''Federal Register'' also constitutes [[constructive notice]], and its contents are [[judicial notice|judicially noticed]].{{sfn|Kohlmetz|1948|p=58}} |
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* Notices (such as scheduled hearings and meetings open to the public and grant applications) |
* Notices (such as scheduled hearings and meetings open to the public and grant applications) |
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Citations from the ''Federal Register'' are [volume] FR [page number] ([date]), ''e.g.'', 71 FR 24924 ( |
Citations from the ''Federal Register'' are [volume] FR [page number] ([date]), ''e.g.'', 71 FR 24924 (April 7, 2006). |
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The final rules promulgated by a federal agency and published in the ''Federal Register'' are ultimately reorganized by topic or subject matter and re-published (or "codified") in the ''[[Code of Federal Regulations]]'' (CFR), which is updated annually. |
The final rules promulgated by a federal agency and published in the ''Federal Register'' are ultimately reorganized by topic or subject matter and re-published (or "codified") in the ''[[Code of Federal Regulations]]'' (CFR), which is updated annually. |
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== Availability == |
== Availability == |
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Copies of the '' |
Copies of the ''Federal Register'' may be obtained from the U.S. Government Publishing Office. Most [[law library|law libraries]] associated with an [[American Bar Association]]–accredited law school will also have a set, as will [[Federal depository library|federal depository libraries]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://catalog.gpo.gov/fdlpdir/FDLPdir.jsp|title=FDLP Library Directory|work=Catalog of U.S. Government Publications|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090509072008/http://catalog.gpo.gov/fdlpdir/FDLPdir.jsp|archive-date=May 9, 2009}}</ref> |
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=== Free sources === |
=== Free sources === |
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The ''Federal Register'' has been available online since 1994. [[ |
The ''Federal Register'' has been available online since 1994. [[Federal Depository Library Program|Federal depository libraries]] within the U.S. also receive copies of the text, either in paper or [[microfiche]] format. Outside the U.S., some major libraries may also carry the ''Federal Register''. |
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As part of the |
As part of the Federal E-Government eRulemaking Initiative, the web site [[Regulations.gov]] was established in 2003 to enable easy public access to agency dockets on rulemaking projects including the published ''Federal Register'' document. The public can use Regulations.gov to access entire rulemaking dockets from participating Federal agencies to include providing on-line comments directly to those responsible for drafting the rulemakings. To help federal agencies manage their dockets, the Federal Docket Management System (FDMS) was launched in 2005 and is the agency side of regulations.gov. |
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In April 2009, Citation Technologies created a free, searchable website for '' |
In April 2009, Citation Technologies created a free, searchable website for ''Federal Register'' articles dating from 1996 to the present.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.federalregister.com|title=Federal Register – Rules, notices, proposed rules|work=FederalRegister.com|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100102095859/http://federalregister.com/|archive-date=January 2, 2010}}</ref> |
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GovPulse.us,<ref>[http://govpulse.us govpulse.us] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100106061419/http://govpulse.us/ |date=2010 |
GovPulse.us,<ref>[http://govpulse.us govpulse.us] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100106061419/http://govpulse.us/ |date=January 6, 2010 }}</ref> a finalist in the Sunlight Foundation's Apps for America 2,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sunlightlabs.com/contests/appsforamerica2/|title=Apps for America 2: The Data.gov Challenge|work=Sunlight Labs|access-date=January 30, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110128020636/http://sunlightlabs.com/contests/appsforamerica2/|archive-date=January 28, 2011}}</ref> providedaWeb 2.0 interface to the ''Federal Register'', including sparklines of agency activity and maps of current rules, but is no longer available. |
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On July 25, 2010, the Federal Register 2.0<ref>[http://federalregister.gov federalregister.gov] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101224165752/http://www.federalregister.gov/ |date= |
On July 25, 2010, the Federal Register 2.0<ref>[http://federalregister.gov federalregister.gov] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101224165752/http://www.federalregister.gov/ |date=December 24, 2010 }}</ref> website went live.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sunlightfoundation.com/blog/2010/07/26/meet-the-new-federal-register/|title=Meet the New Federal Register|work=Sunlight Foundation|date=July 26, 2010|access-date=January 30, 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602095852/http://sunlightfoundation.com/blog/2010/07/26/meet-the-new-federal-register/|archive-date=June 2, 2013}}</ref> The new website is a collaboration between the developers who created GovPulse.us, the [[Government Publishing Office]] and the [[National Archives and Records Administration]]. |
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On August 1, 2011, the Federal Register announced a new [[application programming interface]] (API) to facilitate programmatic access to the Federal Register content. The API is fully [[Representational state transfer|RESTful]], utilizing the [[HATEOAS]] architecture with results delivered in the [[JSON]] format. Details are available at the developers page<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.federalregister.gov/reader-aids/developer-resources |title=Reader Aids |work=Federal Register |access-date=December 16, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181129210856/https://www.federalregister.gov/reader-aids/developer-resources |archive-date=November 29, 2018}}</ref> and [[Ruby (programming language)|Ruby]] and [[Python (programming language)|Python]] client [[Library (computing)|libraries]] are available. |
On August 1, 2011, the Federal Register announced a new [[application programming interface]] (API) to facilitate programmatic access to the Federal Register content. The API is fully [[Representational state transfer|RESTful]], utilizing the [[HATEOAS]] architecture with results delivered in the [[JSON]] format. Details are available at the developers page<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.federalregister.gov/reader-aids/developer-resources |title=Reader Aids |work=Federal Register |access-date=December 16, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181129210856/https://www.federalregister.gov/reader-aids/developer-resources |archive-date=November 29, 2018}}</ref> and [[Ruby (programming language)|Ruby]] and [[Python (programming language)|Python]] client [[Library (computing)|libraries]] are available. |
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== History == |
== History == |
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The ''Federal Register'' system of publication was created on July 26, 1935, under the Federal Register Act.{{sfn|Kohlmetz|1948|p=58}}<ref>{{USStatute|74|220|49|500|1935|07|26}}. {{Usc-title-chap|44|15}}.</ref> The first issue of the ''Federal Register'' was published on March 16, 1936.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.archives.gov/federal-register/the-federal-register/history.pdf|publisher=National Archives and Records Administration|title=A Brief History Commemorating the 70th Anniversary of the Publication of the First Issue of the Federal Register March 14, 1936|access-date= |
The ''Federal Register'' system of publication was created on July 26, 1935, under the Federal Register Act.{{sfn|Kohlmetz|1948|p=58}}<ref>{{USStatute|74|220|49|500|1935|07|26}}. {{Usc-title-chap|44|15}}.</ref> The first issue of the ''Federal Register'' was published on March 16, 1936.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.archives.gov/federal-register/the-federal-register/history.pdf|publisher=National Archives and Records Administration|title=A Brief History Commemorating the 70th Anniversary of the Publication of the First Issue of the Federal Register March 14, 1936|access-date=February 13, 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140611100009/http://www.archives.gov/federal-register/the-federal-register/history.pdf|archive-date=June 11, 2014}}</ref> In 1946 the [[Administrative Procedure Act (United States)|Administrative Procedure Act]] required agencies to publish more information related to their rulemaking documents in the ''Federal Register''.<ref>{{UnitedStatesCode|5|551}}</ref> |
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On March 11, 2014, Rep. [[Darrell Issa]] introduced the [[Federal Register Modernization Act]] (H.R. 4195), a bill that would require the ''Federal Register'' to be published (e.g., by electronic means), rather than printed, and that documents in the ''Federal Register'' be made available for sale or distribution to the public in published form.<ref name=4195sum>{{cite web|title=H.R. 4195 – Summary|url=https://beta.congress.gov/bill/113th-congress/house-bill/4195|publisher=United States Congress|access-date=14 July 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715042423/https://beta.congress.gov/bill/113th-congress/house-bill/4195|archive-date=15 July 2014}}</ref> The [[American Association of Law Libraries]] (AALL) strongly opposed the bill, arguing that the bill undermines citizens' right to be informed by making it more difficult for citizens to find their government's regulations.<ref name=AALLoppose>{{cite web|title=The Federal Register and Code of Federal Regulations|url=http://aallnet.org/Documents/Government-Relations/Issue-Briefs-and-Reports/2014/FRonepager.pdf|publisher=American Association of Law Libraries|access-date=14 July 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715020300/http://aallnet.org/Documents/Government-Relations/Issue-Briefs-and-Reports/2014/FRonepager.pdf|archive-date=15 July 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref> According to AALL, a survey they conducted "revealed that members of the public, librarians, researchers, students, attorneys, and small business owners continue to rely on the print" version of the ''Federal Register''.<ref name="AALLoppose"/> AALL also argued that the lack of print versions of the ''Federal Register'' and ''CFR'' would mean the 15 percent of Americans who don't use the Internet would lose their access to that material.<ref name="AALLoppose"/> The House voted on July 14, 2014, to pass the bill 386–0.<ref name=FTbillpassage>{{cite news|last1=Medici|first1=Andy|title=House passes bills to change TSP default fund, extend whistleblower protections|url=http://www.federaltimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=2014307150016|archive-url=https://archive.is/20140726053819/http://www.federaltimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=2014307150016|url-status=dead|archive-date=26 July 2014|access-date=21 July 2014|publisher=Federal Times|date=15 July 2014}}</ref><ref name=4195allactions>{{cite web|title=H.R. 4195 – All Actions|url=https://beta.congress.gov/bill/113th-congress/house-bill/4195/all-actions|publisher=United States Congress|access-date=14 July 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140727225422/https://beta.congress.gov/bill/113th-congress/house-bill/4195/all-actions|archive-date=27 July 2014}}</ref> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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* ''[[Florida Administrative Register]]'' |
* ''[[Florida Administrative Register]]'' |
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* ''[[Illinois Register]]'' |
* ''[[Illinois Register]]'' |
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* ''[[New Jersey Register]]'' |
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* ''[[New York State Register]]'' |
* ''[[New York State Register]]'' |
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* ''[[Pennsylvania Bulletin]]'' |
* ''[[Pennsylvania Bulletin]]'' |
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==Notes== |
==Notes== |
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{{Reflist|30em}} |
{{Reflist|30em}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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==References== |
==References== |
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| ⚫ | * {{cite web|title=About the ''Federal Register''|date=August 15, 2016|publisher=Office of the Federal Register|url=https://www.archives.gov/federal-register/the-federal-register/about.html}} |
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| ⚫ | |||
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* {{cite web|title=About the ''Federal Register''|date= |
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* {{cite web|title=A Research Guide to the Federal Register and the Code of Federal Regulations|first=Richard J.|last=McKinney|date=June 12, 2016|publisher=Law Librarians' Society of Washington, D.C|url=http://www.llsdc.org/fr-cfr-research-guide}} |
* {{cite web|title=A Research Guide to the Federal Register and the Code of Federal Regulations|first=Richard J.|last=McKinney|date=June 12, 2016|publisher=Law Librarians' Society of Washington, D.C|url=http://www.llsdc.org/fr-cfr-research-guide}} |
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* {{cite book|title=Counting Regulations: An Overview of Rulemaking, Types of Federal Regulations, and Pages in the Federal Register|first=Maeve P.|last=Carey|date=May 1, 2013|publisher=[[Congressional Research Service]]|url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R43056.pdf}} |
* {{cite book|title=Counting Regulations: An Overview of Rulemaking, Types of Federal Regulations, and Pages in the Federal Register|first=Maeve P.|last=Carey|date=May 1, 2013|publisher=[[Congressional Research Service]]|url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R43056.pdf}} |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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| ⚫ | |||
* {{Official website|https://www.archives.gov/federal-register/}} from the [[Office of the Federal Register]] |
* {{Official website|https://www.archives.gov/federal-register/}} from the [[Office of the Federal Register]] |
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*[ |
* [https://www.govinfo.gov/app/collection/FR/ ''Federal Register''] (official) on [[GovInfo]] from the [[United States Government Publishing Office|Government Publishing Office]] |
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*[https://www.federalregister.gov/ Federal Register 2.0] ( |
* [https://www.federalregister.gov/ Federal Register 2.0] (official but not authoritative) from the Office of the Federal Register |
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*[ |
* [https://www.govinfo.gov/app/collection/LSA/ List of CFR Sections Affected] on GovInfo from the Government Publishing Office |
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*[https://www.federalregister.gov/agencies/federal-register-office Office of the Federal Register] in the ''Federal Register'' |
* [https://www.federalregister.gov/agencies/federal-register-office Office of the Federal Register] in the ''Federal Register'' |
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*[https://www.federalregister.gov/agencies/federal-register-administrative-committee Administrative Committee of the Federal Register] in the ''Federal Register'' |
* [https://www.federalregister.gov/agencies/federal-register-administrative-committee Administrative Committee of the Federal Register] in the ''Federal Register'' |
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*[http://www.llsdc.org/sources-and-tools-to-the-federal-register Sources and Tools to the Federal Register] free and commercial from LLSDC.org |
* [http://www.llsdc.org/sources-and-tools-to-the-federal-register Sources and Tools to the Federal Register] free and commercial from LLSDC.org |
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{{US Administrative law}} |
{{US Administrative law}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
{{Authority control}} |
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| ⚫ | |||
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[[Category:Government gazettes]] |
[[Category:Government gazettes]] |
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[[Category:Publications established in 1935]] |
[[Category:Publications established in 1935]] |
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[[Category:United States administrative law]] |
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[[Category:United States official journals]] |
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Cover
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| Type | Daily official journal |
|---|---|
| Publisher | Office of the Federal Register |
| Founded | July 26, 1935 (1935-07-26) |
| Language | English |
| Headquarters | United States |
| ISSN | 0097-6326 |
| OCLC number | 1768512 |
| Website | federalregister |
| Free online archives | archives |
| Administrative law of the United States |
|---|
 |
| General |
| Statutory framework |
| Regulatory coordination |
| Judicial review of agency action |
| Separation of powers |
| Related areas of law (and agencies) |
| Related topics |
|
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The Federal Register (FR or sometimes Fed. Reg.) is the official journal of the federal government of the United States that contains government agency rules, proposed rules, and public notices.[1] It is published every weekday, except on federal holidays. The final rules promulgated by a federal agency and published in the Federal Register are ultimately reorganized by topic or subject matter and codified in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), which is updated quarterly.[2]
The Federal Register is compiled by the Office of the Federal Register (within the National Archives and Records Administration) and is printed by the Government Publishing Office. There are no copyright restrictions on the Federal Register; as a work of the U.S. government, it is in the public domain.[3]
The Federal Register provides a means for the government to announce to the public changes to government requirements, policies, and guidance.
Both proposed and final government rules are published in the Federal Register. A Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (or "NPRM") typically requests public comment on a proposed rule and provides notice of any public meetings where a proposed rule will be discussed. The public comments are considered by the issuing government agency, and the text of a final rule along with a discussion of the comments is published in the Federal Register. Any agency proposing a rule in the Federal Register must provide contact information for people and organizations interested in making comments to the agencies and the agencies are required to address these concerns when it publishes its final rule on the subject.
The notice and comment process, as outlined in the Administrative Procedure Act, gives the people a chance to participate in agency rulemaking. Publication of documents in the Federal Register also constitutes constructive notice, and its contents are judicially noticed.[4]
The United States Government Manual is published as a special edition of the Federal Register. Its focus is on programs and activities.[5]
Each daily issue of the printed Federal Register is organized into four categories:
Citations from the Federal Register are [volume] FR [page number] ([date]), e.g., 71 FR 24924 (April 7, 2006).
The final rules promulgated by a federal agency and published in the Federal Register are ultimately reorganized by topic or subject matter and re-published (or "codified") in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), which is updated annually.
Copies of the Federal Register may be obtained from the U.S. Government Publishing Office. Most law libraries associated with an American Bar Association–accredited law school will also have a set, as will federal depository libraries.[6]
The Federal Register has been available online since 1994. Federal depository libraries within the U.S. also receive copies of the text, either in paper or microfiche format. Outside the U.S., some major libraries may also carry the Federal Register.
As part of the Federal E-Government eRulemaking Initiative, the web site Regulations.gov was established in 2003 to enable easy public access to agency dockets on rulemaking projects including the published Federal Register document. The public can use Regulations.gov to access entire rulemaking dockets from participating Federal agencies to include providing on-line comments directly to those responsible for drafting the rulemakings. To help federal agencies manage their dockets, the Federal Docket Management System (FDMS) was launched in 2005 and is the agency side of regulations.gov.
In April 2009, Citation Technologies created a free, searchable website for Federal Register articles dating from 1996 to the present.[7]
GovPulse.us,[8] a finalist in the Sunlight Foundation's Apps for America 2,[9] provided a Web 2.0 interface to the Federal Register, including sparklines of agency activity and maps of current rules, but is no longer available.
On July 25, 2010, the Federal Register 2.0[10] website went live.[11] The new website is a collaboration between the developers who created GovPulse.us, the Government Publishing Office and the National Archives and Records Administration.
On August 1, 2011, the Federal Register announced a new application programming interface (API) to facilitate programmatic access to the Federal Register content. The API is fully RESTful, utilizing the HATEOAS architecture with results delivered in the JSON format. Details are available at the developers page[12] and Ruby and Python client libraries are available.
In addition to purchasing printed copies or subscriptions, the contents of the Federal Register can be acquired via several commercial databases:
The Federal Register system of publication was created on July 26, 1935, under the Federal Register Act.[4][14] The first issue of the Federal Register was published on March 16, 1936.[15] In 1946 the Administrative Procedure Act required agencies to publish more information related to their rulemaking documents in the Federal Register.[16]
Authority control databases: National  |
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