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| coordinates = {{coord|33|23|0|S|148|01|0|E|display=inline,title}} |
| coordinates = {{coord|33|23|0|S|148|01|0|E|display=inline,title}} |
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| pop = |
| pop = 6,837 |
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| pop_year = {{CensusAU| |
| pop_year = {{CensusAU|2021}} |
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| pop_footnotes = <ref name="ABS" /> |
| pop_footnotes = <ref name="ABS" /> |
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| postcode = 2871 |
| postcode = 2871 |
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[[File:Forbes Public School.JPG|thumb|Forbes Public School]] |
[[File:Forbes Public School.JPG|thumb|Forbes Public School]] |
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[[File:Forbes De Havilland Vampire.jpg|thumb|right|[[de Havilland Vampire]] monument next to Lake Forbes]] |
[[File:Forbes De Havilland Vampire.jpg|thumb|right|[[de Havilland Vampire]] monument next to Lake Forbes]] |
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[[File:Car museum, Forbes.jpg|thumb|McFeeter's Car Museum]] |
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'''Forbes''' is a town in the [[Central West, New South Wales|Central West]] region of [[New South Wales]], [[Australia]], located on the [[Newell Highway]] between [[Parkes, New South Wales|Parkes]] and [[West Wyalong, New South Wales|West Wyalong]]. At the {{CensusAU| |
'''Forbes''' is a town in the [[Central West, New South Wales|Central West]] region of [[New South Wales]], [[Australia]], located on the [[Newell Highway]] between [[Parkes, New South Wales|Parkes]] and [[West Wyalong, New South Wales|West Wyalong]]. At the {{CensusAU|2021}}, Forbes had a population of 9,319.<ref name="ABS">{{Census 2021 AUS|id=SAL11539 |name=Forbes (NSW)|access-date=7 February 2023 |quick=on}}</ref> Forbes is probably named after [[Francis Forbes|Sir Francis Forbes]], first Chief Justice of NSW.<ref>{{NSW GNR |id=JPwGWysyIt |title=Forbes |access-date=20 September 2009 }}[[File:CC-BY icon.svg|50px]] Material was copied from this source, which is available under a [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171016050101/https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |date=16 October 2017 }}.</ref> |
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Located on the banks of the [[Lachlan River]], Forbes is {{convert|245|m|ft}} above [[sea-level]] and about {{convert|380|km|mi}} west of [[Sydney]]. The district is a cropping area where [[wheat]] and similar crops are grown. Nearby towns and villages include [[Calarie]], [[Parkes, New South Wales|Parkes]], [[Bedgerebong, New South Wales|Bedgerebong]], [[Bundabarrah, New South Wales|Bundabarrah]], [[Corradgery, New South Wales|Corradgery]], [[Daroobalgie, New South Wales|Daroobalgie]], [[Eugowra, New South Wales|Eugowra]], [[Ooma North, New South Wales|Ooma North]] and [[Paytens Bridge, New South Wales|Paytens Bridge]]. Forbes is subject to a pattern of flooding, generally occurring to a significant level once every seven years, including 2016 |
Located on the banks of the [[Lachlan River]], Forbes is {{convert|245|m|ft}} above [[sea-level]] and about {{convert|380|km|mi}} west of [[Sydney]]. The district is a cropping area where [[wheat]] and similar crops are grown. Nearby towns and villages include [[Calarie]], [[Parkes, New South Wales|Parkes]], [[Bedgerebong, New South Wales|Bedgerebong]], [[Bundabarrah, New South Wales|Bundabarrah]], [[Corradgery, New South Wales|Corradgery]], [[Daroobalgie, New South Wales|Daroobalgie]], [[Eugowra, New South Wales|Eugowra]], [[Ooma North, New South Wales|Ooma North]] and [[Paytens Bridge, New South Wales|Paytens Bridge]]. Forbes is subject to a pattern of flooding, generally occurring to a significant level once every seven years, including 2016<ref name="abcforbes20160923"/> and 2022. |
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==History== |
==History== |
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The area was home to the [[Wiradjuri]] people before non-indigenous settlement. [[John Oxley]] passed through in 1817 during one of the first inland expeditions. Oxley named the site '''Camp Hill'''. He was unimpressed with the clay soil, poor timber and swamps and he concluded, ''it is impossible to imagine a worse country''.<ref name="Age">{{cite web |url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/new-south-wales/forbes/2005/02/17/1108500193549.html |title=The Age, Travel: Forbes, 10 April 2008 |publisher=Theage.com.au |access-date=2012-08-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090814223455/http://www.theage.com.au/news/new-south-wales/forbes/2005/02/17/1108500193549.html |archive-date=14 August 2009 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref> The first settlers moved into the district in 1834.<ref name="AusHeritage">{{cite web |url=http://www.heritageaustralia.com.au/search.php?state=NSW®ion=102&view=446 |title=Australian Heritage: Historic Towns Directory |publisher=Heritageaustralia.com.au |date=2012-07-27 |access-date=2012-08-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140304222759/http://www.heritageaustralia.com.au/search.php?state=NSW®ion=102&view=446 |archive-date=4 March 2014 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> |
The area was home to the [[Wiradjuri]] people before non-indigenous settlement. [[John Oxley]] passed through in 1817 during one of the first inland expeditions. Oxley named the site '''Camp Hill'''. He was unimpressed with the clay soil, poor timber and swamps and he concluded, ''it is impossible to imagine a worse country''.<ref name="Age">{{cite web |url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/new-south-wales/forbes/2005/02/17/1108500193549.html |title=The Age, Travel: Forbes, 10 April 2008 |date=10 April 2008 |publisher=Theage.com.au |access-date=2012-08-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090814223455/http://www.theage.com.au/news/new-south-wales/forbes/2005/02/17/1108500193549.html |archive-date=14 August 2009 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref> The first settlers moved into the district in 1834.<ref name="AusHeritage">{{cite web |url=http://www.heritageaustralia.com.au/search.php?state=NSW®ion=102&view=446 |title=Australian Heritage: Historic Towns Directory |publisher=Heritageaustralia.com.au |date=2012-07-27 |access-date=2012-08-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140304222759/http://www.heritageaustralia.com.au/search.php?state=NSW®ion=102&view=446 |archive-date=4 March 2014 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> |
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Gold was discovered by Harry Stephan, also known as "German Harry", in June 1861.<ref name="AusHeritage" /> Initially about 30,000 people moved to the goldfields, but by 1863 this had declined to about 3,500 because of the difficult mining conditions. |
Gold was discovered by Harry Stephan, also known as "German Harry", in June 1861.<ref name="AusHeritage" /> Initially about 30,000 people moved to the goldfields, but by 1863 this had declined to about 3,500 because of the difficult mining conditions. The Post Office was opened on 1 December 1861 and given the name Black Ridge in response to the demand for postal services by those involved with the gold rush along the Lachlan River. That name was changed before opening. The Forbes Telegraph Office opened on 27 October 1862 after a telegraph line had been constructed from Orange. The two offices merged on 1 January 1870. On opening day of the Telegraph Office in 1862, the results of three days of races at the Lachlan Gold Fields were telegraphed to Bathurst. <ref>{{Cite web |last =Johnstone, James Dr. |title = Telegrams in Australia|url=https://telegramsaustralia.com/Forms/Telegraph%20Offices/NSW/NSW%20TOs%20Central%20West.html#Forbes |access-date=24 June 2023}}</ref> |
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The goldfields were originally named "Black Ridge", and the name "Forbes" celebrating Sir Francis Forbes was declared from Sydney as the result of a possible government administrative error. It is said that the name was meant for the town now known as "Hill End" between [[Orange, New South Wales|Orange]] and [[Mudgee]], where gold was discovered around a similar time. Gold was initially found in the area known as Halpin's Flat. The Albion Hotel, once a [[Cobb and Co]]. [[stage coach]] stop, had tunnels situated underneath which were used during the gold rush to convey gold and money to and from the banks to minimise the chance of theft.<ref name="AusHeritage" /> The Albion Hotel burnt down on 10 February 2009, losing years worth of history and memorabilia.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2009-02-12/albion-hotel-to-be-demolished/292544 |title=Albion Hotel to be demolished |publisher=Abc.net.au |date=2009-02-12 |access-date=2012-08-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140508042812/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2009-02-12/albion-hotel-to-be-demolished/292544 |archive-date=8 May 2014 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref> |
The goldfields were originally named "Black Ridge", and the name "Forbes" celebrating Sir Francis Forbes was declared from Sydney as the result of a possible government administrative error. It is said that the name was meant for the town now known as "Hill End" between [[Orange, New South Wales|Orange]] and [[Mudgee]], where gold was discovered around a similar time. Gold was initially found in the area known as Halpin's Flat. The Albion Hotel, once a [[Cobb and Co]]. [[stage coach]] stop, had tunnels situated underneath which were used during the gold rush to convey gold and money to and from the banks to minimise the chance of theft.<ref name="AusHeritage" /> The Albion Hotel burnt down on 10 February 2009, losing years worth of history and memorabilia.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2009-02-12/albion-hotel-to-be-demolished/292544 |title=Albion Hotel to be demolished |publisher=Abc.net.au |date=2009-02-12 |access-date=2012-08-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140508042812/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2009-02-12/albion-hotel-to-be-demolished/292544 |archive-date=8 May 2014 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref> |
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==Population== |
==Population== |
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{{Historical populations |
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|type= Australia |
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|1921|4376 |
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|1933|5355 |
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|1947|5949 |
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|1954|6514 |
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|1961|6826 |
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|1966|7370 |
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|1971|7471 |
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|1976|7754 |
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|1981|8029 |
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|1986|7915 |
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|1991|7552 |
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|1996|7467 |
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|2001|7096 |
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|2006|6954 |
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|2011|6806 |
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|2016|7035 |
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|2021|6837 |
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|source=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]] data.<ref name="ABS Census data">{{cite web |title=Statistics by Catalogue Number |publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics |url=https://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/ViewContent?readform&view=ProductsbyCatalogue&Action=Expand&Num=2.2 |access-date=9 May 2024}}</ref><ref name="ABS Census data recent">{{cite web |title=Search Census data |publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics |url=https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/search-by-area |access-date=9 May 2024}}</ref> |
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}} |
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According to the [[2016 Australian census|2016 census]] of Population, there were 8,432 people in Forbes. |
According to the [[2016 Australian census|2016 census]] of Population, there were 8,432 people in Forbes. |
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* Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people made up 12.1% of the population. |
* Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people made up 12.1% of the population. |
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Forbes lies in the transitional zones of the [[semi-arid climate]] (''BSh'') and [[humid subtropical climate]]s (''Cfa''), with relatively large temperature variation between seasons, and moderate [[rainfall]] spread evenly throughout the year. Extreme temperatures have ranged from {{convert|47.8|C|F|1}} on 11 Jan 1882, to {{convert|-5.6|C|F|1}} on both 11 Jul 1958 and 15 Jun 1959; the warmest minimum was {{convert|32.2|C|}} on 24 Jan 1896; and the coolest maximum, {{convert|3.3|C|}} on 27 Jun 1904. |
Forbes lies in the transitional zones of the [[semi-arid climate]] (''BSh'') and [[humid subtropical climate]]s (''Cfa''), with relatively large temperature variation between seasons, and moderate [[rainfall]] spread evenly throughout the year. Extreme temperatures have ranged from {{convert|47.8|C|F|1}} on 11 Jan 1882, to {{convert|-5.6|C|F|1}} on both 11 Jul 1958 and 15 Jun 1959; the warmest minimum was {{convert|32.2|C|}} on 24 Jan 1896; and the coolest maximum, {{convert|3.3|C|}} on 27 Jun 1904. |
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Notwithstanding its northerly latitude and low elevation of just {{convert|240|m|}}, [[snow]] has been known to fall on a few occasions<ref>{{ cite web | url=https://historyparkes.org/2017/06/16/snow-in-parkes-shire/ | title=Snow in Parkes Shire}}</ref>—one of which saw a daily snowfall total of {{convert|25|cm|}} on 05 Jul 1900.<ref>{{ cite web | url=http://www.australianweathernews.com/snow/Russell_RainEtc_NSW_1900.pdf | title=5 July 1900 Snowstorm}}</ref> It features 133.2 clear days annually. |
Notwithstanding its northerly latitude and low elevation of just {{convert|240|m|}}, [[snow]] has been known to fall on a few occasions<ref>{{ cite web | url=https://historyparkes.org/2017/06/16/snow-in-parkes-shire/ | title=Snow in Parkes Shire| date=16 June 2017}}</ref>—one of which saw a daily snowfall total of {{convert|25|cm|}} on 05 Jul 1900.<ref>{{ cite web | url=http://www.australianweathernews.com/snow/Russell_RainEtc_NSW_1900.pdf | title=5 July 1900 Snowstorm}}</ref> It features 133.2 clear days annually. |
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{{Weather box |
{{Weather box |
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|unit precipitation days = 0.2 mm |
|unit precipitation days = 0.2 mm |
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|humidity colour=green |
|humidity colour=green |
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|Jan |
|Jan afthumidity = 35 |
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|Feb |
|Feb afthumidity = 38 |
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|Mar |
|Mar afthumidity = 41 |
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|Apr |
|Apr afthumidity = 46 |
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|May |
|May afthumidity = 55 |
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|Jun |
|Jun afthumidity = 64 |
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|Jul |
|Jul afthumidity = 63 |
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|Aug |
|Aug afthumidity = 57 |
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|Sep |
|Sep afthumidity = 48 |
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|Oct |
|Oct afthumidity = 43 |
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|Nov |
|Nov afthumidity = 36 |
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|Dec |
|Dec afthumidity = 35 |
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|year |
|year afthumidity = 47 |
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|source 1 = [[Bureau of Meteorology (Australia)|Bureau of Meteorology]]<ref>{{BoM Aust stats|site_ref=cw_065016_All|site_name=FORBES (CAMP STREET)|access-date=4 August 2013|date=August 2013}}</ref> |
|source 1 = [[Bureau of Meteorology (Australia)|Bureau of Meteorology]]<ref>{{BoM Aust stats|site_ref=cw_065016_All|site_name=FORBES (CAMP STREET)|access-date=4 August 2013|date=August 2013}}</ref> |
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|date=April 2013}} |
|date=April 2013}} |
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==Floods== |
==Floods== |
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Since 1887 Forbes has experienced a major flood |
Since 1887 Forbes has experienced a major flood on average every seven years,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.forbes.nsw.gov.au/engineering/water-sewerage/flood-management.aspx |title=Flood management |publisher=[[Forbes Shire Council]] |access-date=6 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009113512/http://www.forbes.nsw.gov.au/engineering/water-sewerage/flood-management.aspx |archive-date=9 October 2016 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref> with major flooding occurring in June 1952 with a peak of {{convert|10.8|m}}; September 2016 with a peak of {{convert|10.67|m}};<ref name="abcforbes20160927"/> August 1990 with a peak of {{convert|10.65|m}}; October 1955 with a peak height of {{convert|10.62|m}}; March 2012 with a peak height of {{convert|10.55|m}}; and in August 1998 with a peak height of {{convert|10.35|m}}.<ref name="abcforbes20160923">{{cite news |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-09-23/history-repeats-at-forbes-as-1990-flood-level-predicted/7872372 |author=Pearce, Melanie |title=Will history be repeated? Forbes faces major flooding predicted to be 'similar to 1990' |work=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] |location=Australia |date=23 September 2016 |access-date=4 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161105164152/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-09-23/history-repeats-at-forbes-as-1990-flood-level-predicted/7872372 |archive-date=5 November 2016 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref> |
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Forbes' most recent major flood |
Forbes' most recent major flood was in late September 2016 after heavy rain fell on much of inland NSW; as the Bureau of Meteorology declared 2016 as the third-wettest winter on record.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-09-02/rain-wipes-out-nsw-crops-in-third-wettest-winter-on-record/7810722 |author=Woodburn, Joanna |title=Rain wipes out NSW crops in third wettest winter on record |work=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] |location=Australia |date=2 September 2016 |access-date=4 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161105161036/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-09-02/rain-wipes-out-nsw-crops-in-third-wettest-winter-on-record/7810722 |archive-date=5 November 2016 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref> Unseasonal heavy rainfall in most of the state, centred on the catchment area of the upper Lachlan during autumn and winter 2016, resulted in [[Wyangala Dam]] water storage levels increasing from 38 per cent to 90 per cent.<ref name="DT2016">{{cite news |author=Houghton, Jack |url=http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/technology/nsw-floods-forbes-on-alert-as-lachlan-river-threatens-to-rise/news-story/cec58426a60adc45091a183800fbb86b |title=Lachlan River threatens to rise |work=[[The Daily Telegraph (Sydney)|Daily Telegraph]] |date=26 September 2016 |access-date=4 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161004131912/http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/technology/nsw-floods-forbes-on-alert-as-lachlan-river-threatens-to-rise/news-story/cec58426a60adc45091a183800fbb86b |archive-date=4 October 2016 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref> By early August, the Bureau of Meteorology had issued flood warnings for the [[Orara River|Orara]], [[Macquarie River|Macquarie]], [[Bogan River|Bogan]] and Lachlan rivers.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.theland.com.au/story/4077935/four-flood-warnings-in-place-across-nsw/ |title=Four flood warnings in place across NSW |work=[[The Land (newspaper)|The Land]] |date=5 August 2016 |access-date=4 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161105094720/http://www.theland.com.au/story/4077935/four-flood-warnings-in-place-across-nsw/ |archive-date=5 November 2016 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref> In late August, Water NSW began releasing up to {{convert|10000|ML}} per day from Wyangala Dam ahead of expected daily rainfall in the range of {{convert|20|to|40|mm}} in the dam's catchment area.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.forbesadvocate.com.au/story/4129598/dam-nearing-capacity/ |title=Dam nearing capacity |work=Forbes Advocate |date=30 August 2016 |access-date=4 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161105094739/http://www.forbesadvocate.com.au/story/4129598/dam-nearing-capacity/ |archive-date=5 November 2016 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref> Moderate to major flooding first hit Forbes and {{NSWcity|Condobolin}} in early September,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ses.nsw.gov.au/news/76365/77639 |title=Flooding Update for Tuesday 6th September 2016 |work=State Emergency Service |date=6 September 2016 |access-date=4 November 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161105033049/http://www.ses.nsw.gov.au/news/76365/77639 |archive-date=5 November 2016 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> and by mid-September predictions were for widespread flooding across most of inland New South Wales.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-09-02/rain-wipes-out-nsw-crops-in-third-wettest-winter-on-record/7810722 |author1=Pearce, Melanie |author2=Manson, Skye |author3=Clift, Julie |author4=Wong, Luke |title=NSW weather: More rain and flooding in central areas as saturated catchments can't dry out |work=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] |location=Australia |date=13 September 2016 |access-date=4 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161105161036/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-09-02/rain-wipes-out-nsw-crops-in-third-wettest-winter-on-record/7810722 |archive-date=5 November 2016 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref> By late September, flooding had peaked in Forbes at {{convert|10.67|m}}, with 1,000 people evacuated, as the Newell Highway was cut north and south of Forbes' central business district. Forbes was declared a natural disaster zone after flash flooding occurred, resulting in some residents being without homes.<ref name="abcforbes20160927">{{cite news |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-09-27/forbes-declared-a-natural-disaster-zone-due-to-flooding/7880592 |title=NSW weather: Forbes declared a natural disaster zone after flooding |work=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] |location=Australia |date=27 September 2016 |access-date=6 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161006091148/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-09-27/forbes-declared-a-natural-disaster-zone-due-to-flooding/7880592 |archive-date=6 October 2016 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-10-04/road-funding-promised-following-major-flood-damage-in-nsw/7902608 |title=NSW weather: Upgrades for roads promised after major flood damage at Forbes |last=Coote |first=Gavin |work=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] |location=Australia |date=4 October 2016 |access-date=6 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005090547/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-10-04/road-funding-promised-following-major-flood-damage-in-nsw/7902608 |archive-date=5 October 2016 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref> Back up support was provided by the State Emergency Service and the [[Australian Defence Force]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-09-27/forbes-declared-a-natural-disaster-zone-due-to-flooding/7880592 |title=NSW weather: Forbes declared a natural disaster zone after flooding |work=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] |location=Australia |date=28 September 2016 |access-date=4 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161101001000/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-09-27/forbes-declared-a-natural-disaster-zone-due-to-flooding/7880592 |archive-date=1 November 2016 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.smh.com.au/environment/weather/flood-emergency-in-forbes-nsw-as-rivers-set-to-peak-on-sunday-night-20160924-grntyc.html |author1=Levy, Megan |author2=Dumas, Megan |title=Floodwaters peak in Forbes, but more wet weather is on its way |work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |date=26 September 2016 |access-date=4 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161030102839/http://www.smh.com.au/environment/weather/flood-emergency-in-forbes-nsw-as-rivers-set-to-peak-on-sunday-night-20160924-grntyc.html |archive-date=30 October 2016 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.smh.com.au/nsw/floodhit-nsw-towns-forbes-and-condobolin-brace-for-more-damage-20160926-groypr.html |author1=Levy, Megan |author2=Dumas, Megan |author3=Mitchell, Georgina |agency=[[Australian Associated Press|AAP]] |title=Flood-hit NSW towns Forbes and Condobolin brace for more damage |work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |date=27 September 2016 |access-date=4 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161102081028/http://www.smh.com.au/nsw/floodhit-nsw-towns-forbes-and-condobolin-brace-for-more-damage-20160926-groypr.html |archive-date=2 November 2016 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref> As the Lachlan flowed into the [[Murrumbidgee River]], major flooding occurred downriver during late October and early November at {{NSWcity|Hay|Darlington Point|Carrathool}} and {{NSWcity|Hillston}}.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.dailyadvertiser.com.au/story/4154412/riverina-floods-2016-rolling-coverage-photos/ |title=Flood coverage for Wagga and Riverina |work=[[The Daily Advertiser (Wagga Wagga)|The Daily Advertiser]] |location=[[Wagga Wagga]] |date=31 October 2016 |access-date=4 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161105032507/http://www.dailyadvertiser.com.au/story/4154412/riverina-floods-2016-rolling-coverage-photos/ |archive-date=5 November 2016 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref> |
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== Newspapers == |
== Newspapers == |
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*[[Phillip Adams (sport shooter)|Phil Adams]], former Olympian and Commonwealth Games (record) medal holder in sport shooting |
*[[Phillip Adams (sport shooter)|Phil Adams]], former Olympian and Commonwealth Games (record) medal holder in sport shooting |
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*[[Chris Anderson (rugby league)|Chris Anderson]], who played for and coached the Australian rugby league team, attended Red Bend Catholic College in Forbes |
*[[Chris Anderson (rugby league)|Chris Anderson]], who played for and coached the Australian rugby league team, attended Red Bend Catholic College in Forbes |
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* Dave Cameron, an Australian Showjumping Champion 2014 |
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* [[Janet Dawson]],<ref>Gary Catalano, ‘A Natural History (Interview)’, ''Art & Australia'', Vol. 34, No. 3, 1997, p. 332-341 and illus. cover.</ref> Australian artist, spent childhood years in Forbes |
* [[Janet Dawson]],<ref>Gary Catalano, ‘A Natural History (Interview)’, ''Art & Australia'', Vol. 34, No. 3, 1997, p. 332-341 and illus. cover.</ref> Australian artist, spent childhood years in Forbes |
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*[[Hugh Denison|Sir Hugh Robert Denison]],<ref>{{Cite |
*[[Hugh Denison|Sir Hugh Robert Denison]],<ref>{{Cite book|url =http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/denison-sir-hugh-robert-5955|title =Denison, Sir Hugh Robert (1865–1940)|publisher =National Centre of Biography, Australian National University|archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20150403053452/http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/denison-sir-hugh-robert-5955|archive-date =3 April 2015|url-status =live|df =dmy-all}}</ref> tobacco manufacturer, newspaper proprietor and philanthropist, was born in Forbes in 1865 |
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* [[Richard Dixon (communist)|Richard Dixon]],<ref>{{Cite |
* [[Richard Dixon (communist)|Richard Dixon]],<ref>{{Cite book|url = http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/walker-clifton-reginald-11937/text21391|title = Walker, Clifton Reginald (1905–1976)|website = Australian Dictionary of Biography|access-date = 30 March 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150405163523/http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/walker-clifton-reginald-11937/text21391|archive-date = 5 April 2015|url-status = live|df = dmy-all}}</ref> former national president of the [[Communist Party of Australia]], was born in Forbes in 1905 |
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* [[Malcolm Johnston (jockey)|Malcolm Johnston]] - Australian Racing Hall of Fame jockey |
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* [[Eve Langley]],<ref>{{Cite |
* [[Eve Langley]],<ref>{{Cite book|url =http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/langley-eve-10784|title =Langley, Eve (1904–1974)|publisher =National Centre of Biography, Australian National University|archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20150404054208/http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/langley-eve-10784|archive-date =4 April 2015|url-status =live|df =dmy-all}}</ref> New Zealand-famed novelist, was born in Forbes in 1904 |
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* Celia Pavey, known professionally as [[Vera Blue]], is an Australian singer-songwriter who was born in Forbes January 1994 |
* Celia Pavey, known professionally as [[Vera Blue]], is an Australian singer-songwriter who was born in Forbes January 1994 |
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*[[Cec Pepper]] (1916-1993), first-class cricketer, was born in Forbes |
*[[Cec Pepper]] (1916-1993), first-class cricketer, was born in Forbes |
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* [[Charlie Staines (rugby league, born 2000)|Charlie Staines]], rugby league player for the [[ |
* [[Charlie Staines (rugby league, born 2000)|Charlie Staines]], rugby league player for the [[Wests Tigers]], born in Forbes. |
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* [[Carolyn Simpson (judge)|Carolyn Simpson]],<ref name="CSimpson">{{cite encyclopedia|editor=Pearce, Suzannah|encyclopedia=Who's Who in Australia Live!|title=SIMPSON Carolyn Chalmers, Hon. Justice|date=17 November 2006|publisher=Crown Content Pty Ltd|location=North Melbourne, Vic}}</ref> a judge of the [[Supreme Court of New South Wales]]; Member of the first all-female [[Bench ( |
* [[Carolyn Simpson (judge)|Carolyn Simpson]],<ref name="CSimpson">{{cite encyclopedia|editor=Pearce, Suzannah|encyclopedia=Who's Who in Australia Live!|title=SIMPSON Carolyn Chalmers, Hon. Justice|date=17 November 2006|publisher=Crown Content Pty Ltd|location=North Melbourne, Vic}}</ref> a judge of the [[Supreme Court of New South Wales]]; Member of the first all-female [[Bench (law)|bench]] to sit in an Australian court |
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* [[Carmel Tebbutt]], a former Deputy Premier of New South Wales, was born and raised in Forbes |
* [[Carmel Tebbutt]], a former Deputy Premier of New South Wales, was born and raised in Forbes |
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* [[Damian Kennedy]] former western suburbs magpies and Canberra Raiders player |
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* Nedd Brockmann, ran 50 marathons in 50 days and is currently attempting to break a world record by running from Perth to Bondi in 40 days while aiming to raise 1 million bucks for homeless charities. Surround yourself with goers and you too shall go. |
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* [[Adrian Toole]] former north Sydney bears player |
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==References== |
==References== |
Forbes New South Wales | |||||||||
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Coordinates | 33°23′0″S 148°01′0″E / 33.38333°S 148.01667°E / -33.38333; 148.01667 | ||||||||
Population | 6,837 (2021 census)[1] | ||||||||
Established | 1861 | ||||||||
Postcode(s) | 2871 | ||||||||
Elevation | 245 m (804 ft) | ||||||||
Location |
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LGA(s) | Forbes Shire Council | ||||||||
County | Ashburnham | ||||||||
State electorate(s) | Orange | ||||||||
Federal division(s) | Riverina | ||||||||
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Forbes is a town in the Central West region of New South Wales, Australia, located on the Newell Highway between Parkes and West Wyalong. At the 2021 census, Forbes had a population of 9,319.[1] Forbes is probably named after Sir Francis Forbes, first Chief Justice of NSW.[2]
Located on the banks of the Lachlan River, Forbes is 245 metres (804 ft) above sea-level and about 380 kilometres (240 mi) west of Sydney. The district is a cropping area where wheat and similar crops are grown. Nearby towns and villages include Calarie, Parkes, Bedgerebong, Bundabarrah, Corradgery, Daroobalgie, Eugowra, Ooma North and Paytens Bridge. Forbes is subject to a pattern of flooding, generally occurring to a significant level once every seven years, including 2016[3] and 2022.
The area was home to the Wiradjuri people before non-indigenous settlement. John Oxley passed through in 1817 during one of the first inland expeditions. Oxley named the site Camp Hill. He was unimpressed with the clay soil, poor timber and swamps and he concluded, it is impossible to imagine a worse country.[4] The first settlers moved into the district in 1834.[5]
Gold was discovered by Harry Stephan, also known as "German Harry", in June 1861.[5] Initially about 30,000 people moved to the goldfields, but by 1863 this had declined to about 3,500 because of the difficult mining conditions. The Post Office was opened on 1 December 1861 and given the name Black Ridge in response to the demand for postal services by those involved with the gold rush along the Lachlan River. That name was changed before opening. The Forbes Telegraph Office opened on 27 October 1862 after a telegraph line had been constructed from Orange. The two offices merged on 1 January 1870. On opening day of the Telegraph Office in 1862, the results of three days of races at the Lachlan Gold Fields were telegraphed to Bathurst. [6]
The goldfields were originally named "Black Ridge", and the name "Forbes" celebrating Sir Francis Forbes was declared from Sydney as the result of a possible government administrative error. It is said that the name was meant for the town now known as "Hill End" between Orange and Mudgee, where gold was discovered around a similar time. Gold was initially found in the area known as Halpin's Flat. The Albion Hotel, once a Cobb and Co. stage coach stop, had tunnels situated underneath which were used during the gold rush to convey gold and money to and from the banks to minimise the chance of theft.[5] The Albion Hotel burnt down on 10 February 2009, losing years worth of history and memorabilia.[7]
One of Australia's most renowned bushrangers, Ben Hall, was shot dead in an early morning police ambush about 20 kilometres (12 mi) to the north-west of Forbes on 5 May 1865. Hall and his gang were famous for stealing 77 kilograms (170 lb) of gold and £3,700 from the nearby town of Eugowra in 1862. He is buried in Forbes Cemetery.[8]
Kate Kelly, the sister of bushranger Ned Kelly, lived in the town. She drowned in Lake Forbes while saving an Aboriginal child during a flood in 1898 and was found in a lagoon of the Lachlan River, just outside Forbes.[4][9] She is buried in Forbes Cemetery.[8]
Forbes has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:
Year | Pop. | ±% |
---|---|---|
1921 | 4,376 | — |
1933 | 5,355 | +22.4% |
1947 | 5,949 | +11.1% |
1954 | 6,514 | +9.5% |
1961 | 6,826 | +4.8% |
1966 | 7,370 | +8.0% |
1971 | 7,471 | +1.4% |
1976 | 7,754 | +3.8% |
1981 | 8,029 | +3.5% |
1986 | 7,915 | −1.4% |
1991 | 7,552 | −4.6% |
1996 | 7,467 | −1.1% |
2001 | 7,096 | −5.0% |
2006 | 6,954 | −2.0% |
2011 | 6,806 | −2.1% |
2016 | 7,035 | +3.4% |
2021 | 6,837 | −2.8% |
Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics data.[14][15] |
According to the 2016 census of Population, there were 8,432 people in Forbes.
The Stockinbingal–Parkes railway line passes through Forbes. Passenger trains operated to Forbes until 1983.[16] Forbes lies at or near the confluence of the Newell Highway, the Lachlan Valley Way and Henry Lawson Way.
Forbes Shire has four public primary schools: Forbes Primary School, Forbes North Primary School, Corinella Public School and Bedgerebong Public School. There is one Catholic primary school, St Laurence's Primary School.[17]
Forbes High School, a public school, is located to the north of town.
Red Bend Catholic College at Forbes is a co-educational secondary school, with the school located at the site of the former Marist Brothers' College, on the banks of the Lachlan River.
Local tertiary institutions are the Forbes College of Technical and Further Education (TAFE) and the Forbes Conservatorium.[18]
The Forbes Camel Races have been held annually since 2001 on Good Friday at the Forbes Racecourse.
Forbes lies in the transitional zones of the semi-arid climate (BSh) and humid subtropical climates (Cfa), with relatively large temperature variation between seasons, and moderate rainfall spread evenly throughout the year. Extreme temperatures have ranged from 47.8 °C (118.0 °F) on 11 Jan 1882, to −5.6 °C (21.9 °F) on both 11 Jul 1958 and 15 Jun 1959; the warmest minimum was 32.2 °C (90.0 °F) on 24 Jan 1896; and the coolest maximum, 3.3 °C (37.9 °F) on 27 Jun 1904.
Notwithstanding its northerly latitude and low elevation of just 240 metres (790 ft), snow has been known to fall on a few occasions[19]—one of which saw a daily snowfall total of 25 centimetres (9.8 in) on 05 Jul 1900.[20] It features 133.2 clear days annually.
Climate data for Forbes (Camp Street, 1873–1998); 240 m AMSL; 33.39° S, 148.01° E | |||||||||||||
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Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 47.8 (118.0) |
44.7 (112.5) |
42.2 (108.0) |
36.7 (98.1) |
30.8 (87.4) |
24.5 (76.1) |
25.0 (77.0) |
29.4 (84.9) |
34.6 (94.3) |
39.4 (102.9) |
42.9 (109.2) |
45.6 (114.1) |
47.8 (118.0) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 32.7 (90.9) |
32.1 (89.8) |
29.1 (84.4) |
24.0 (75.2) |
19.0 (66.2) |
15.1 (59.2) |
14.2 (57.6) |
16.3 (61.3) |
19.8 (67.6) |
24.2 (75.6) |
28.2 (82.8) |
31.2 (88.2) |
23.8 (74.8) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 17.4 (63.3) |
17.1 (62.8) |
14.2 (57.6) |
9.8 (49.6) |
6.1 (43.0) |
4.1 (39.4) |
2.7 (36.9) |
3.9 (39.0) |
6.2 (43.2) |
9.5 (49.1) |
12.8 (55.0) |
15.6 (60.1) |
10.0 (50.0) |
Record low °C (°F) | 5.0 (41.0) |
6.1 (43.0) |
2.8 (37.0) |
−2.0 (28.4) |
−3.3 (26.1) |
−5.6 (21.9) |
−5.6 (21.9) |
−4.5 (23.9) |
−4.4 (24.1) |
−1.1 (30.0) |
1.1 (34.0) |
2.8 (37.0) |
−5.6 (21.9) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 49.9 (1.96) |
43.8 (1.72) |
42.7 (1.68) |
40.3 (1.59) |
44.5 (1.75) |
43.4 (1.71) |
42.4 (1.67) |
42.6 (1.68) |
42.3 (1.67) |
48.9 (1.93) |
40.3 (1.59) |
45.2 (1.78) |
526.3 (20.73) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 5.3 | 4.7 | 4.8 | 5.3 | 6.8 | 8.5 | 8.9 | 8.5 | 7.4 | 7.2 | 5.6 | 5.5 | 78.5 |
Average afternoon relative humidity (%) | 35 | 38 | 41 | 46 | 55 | 64 | 63 | 57 | 48 | 43 | 36 | 35 | 47 |
Source: Bureau of Meteorology[21] |
Since 1887 Forbes has experienced a major flood on average every seven years,[22] with major flooding occurring in June 1952 with a peak of 10.8 metres (35 ft); September 2016 with a peak of 10.67 metres (35.0 ft);[23] August 1990 with a peak of 10.65 metres (34.9 ft); October 1955 with a peak height of 10.62 metres (34.8 ft); March 2012 with a peak height of 10.55 metres (34.6 ft); and in August 1998 with a peak height of 10.35 metres (34.0 ft).[3]
Forbes' most recent major flood was in late September 2016 after heavy rain fell on much of inland NSW; as the Bureau of Meteorology declared 2016 as the third-wettest winter on record.[24] Unseasonal heavy rainfall in most of the state, centred on the catchment area of the upper Lachlan during autumn and winter 2016, resulted in Wyangala Dam water storage levels increasing from 38 per cent to 90 per cent.[25] By early August, the Bureau of Meteorology had issued flood warnings for the Orara, Macquarie, Bogan and Lachlan rivers.[26] In late August, Water NSW began releasing up to 10,000 megalitres (350×10^6 cu ft) per day from Wyangala Dam ahead of expected daily rainfall in the range of 20 to 40 millimetres (0.79 to 1.57 in) in the dam's catchment area.[27] Moderate to major flooding first hit Forbes and Condobolin in early September,[28] and by mid-September predictions were for widespread flooding across most of inland New South Wales.[29] By late September, flooding had peaked in Forbes at 10.67 metres (35.0 ft), with 1,000 people evacuated, as the Newell Highway was cut north and south of Forbes' central business district. Forbes was declared a natural disaster zone after flash flooding occurred, resulting in some residents being without homes.[23][30] Back up support was provided by the State Emergency Service and the Australian Defence Force.[31][32][33] As the Lachlan flowed into the Murrumbidgee River, major flooding occurred downriver during late October and early November at Hay, Darlington Point, Carrathool and Hillston.[34]
There are two local newspapers servicing Forbes.
{{cite book}}
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ignored (help)
Forbes travel guide from Wikivoyage
Media related to Forbes, New South Wales at Wikimedia Commons
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