Genkō (1321–24): Difference between revisions

{{Short description|Period of Japanese history (1321–1324 CE)}}

{{ For| the later Japanese historical era of the same name|Genkō (1331–34)}}

{{Infobox historical era

| name = Genkō {{pb}}{{nobold|{{lang|ja|元亨}}}}

| location = [[Japan]]

| start = February 1321

| end = December 1324

|image = Emperor Godaigo02.jpg

| alt =

|caption = Emperor Go-Daigo

| before = [[Gen'ō]]

| after= [[Shōchū (era)|Shōchū]]

| monarch = [[Emperor Go-Daigo]]

}}{{History of Japan|Shoso-in.jpg| Image explanation = [[Shōsōin]]}}

{{nihongo|'''''Genkō'''''|元亨}} was a {{nihongo|[[Japanese era name]]|年号|''nengō''|"year name"}} after ''[[Gen'ō]]'' and before ''[[Shōchū (era)|Shōchū]].''<ref>Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005).『''Nengō''』in {{Google books|p2QnPijAEmEC|''Japan Encyclopedia'', pp. 704–705 (table)|page=704}}; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, ''see'' [https://archive.today/20120524174828/http://dispatch.opac.ddb.de/DB=4.1/PPN?PPN=128842709 Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File].</ref> This period spanned the years from February 1321<ref>Nussbaum, at『''Gen'ō''』in {{Google books|p2QnPijAEmEC|p. 238|page=238}}.</ref> to December 1324.<ref>Nussbaum,『''Shōchū''』at {{Google books|p2QnPijAEmEC|p. 877.|page=877}}</ref> The reigning Emperor was {{nihongo|[[Emperor Go-Daigo|Go-Daigo]]''-tennō''|後醍醐天皇}}.<ref>Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). ''Annales des empereurs du Japon'', pp. 278–281; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). ''Jinnō Shōtōki''. pp. 239–241.</ref>

==Change of era==

* '''1321''' {{nihongo|''Genkō gannen''|元亨元年}}: The new era name was created to mark an event or series of events. The previous era ended and the new one commenced in ''Gen'ō'' 3. The era name is derived from the ''[[I Ching]]''; it should not be confused with the later [[Genkō (1331–34)]], which used a different character for ''kō'' (弘, "wide", instead of 亨, "go smoothly.")

==Events of the ''Genkō'' era==

* '''1321''' (''Genkō 1, 2nd month''): The ''[[udaijin]]'' Fujiwara-no [[Saionji Kinakira]] died.<ref name="t282">Titsingh, p. 282.</ref>

* '''1321''' (''Genkō 1, 4th month''): The former-[[Emperor Go-Uda]] ordered the construction of a small chapel at [[Daikaku-ji]] where he lived in retirement.<ref name="t282"/>

* '''1321''' (''Genkō 1, 5th month''): The emperor visited Dikaku-ji to see this new chapel for himself.<ref name="t282"/>

* '''1321''' (''Genkō 1, 6th month''): {{nihongo|[[Hōjō Kanetoki]]|北条兼時}}, the shogunate strongman in Kyūshū (called the {{nihongo|''Chinzei-tandai''| 鎮西探題}}), died.<ref name="t282"/>

* '''1321''' (''Genkō 1, 12th month''): [[Hōjō Norisada]], the ''[[daimyō]]'' of [[Suruga Province]] and a close relative of the shogunate's ''shikken'', [[Hōjō Takitoki]], was named governor of Kyoto at Rokuhara; and [[Hōjō Hidetoki]] was named military governor of Kyūshū.<ref name="t282"/>

* '''1322''' (''Genkō 2, 1st month''): The emperor visited the former-[[Emperor Go-Uda]] at Daikau-ji; and he was entertained by a musical concert.<ref name="t283">Titsingh, p. 283.</ref>

* '''1322''' (''Genkō 2, 1st month''): [[Saionji Sanekane]] died at age 74.<ref name="t283"/>

* '''1323''' (''Genkō 3, 3rd month''): [[Ichijō Uchitsune]] lost his position as ''kampaku'', and [[Kujō Fusazane]] was made his successor.<ref name="t283"/>

* '''July 16, 1324''' (''Genkō 4, 25th day of the 6th month''): Former Emperor Go-Uda's death.

The oldest extant account of Buddhism in Japan, the ''[[Genkō Shakusho]]'' (元亨釈書), was completed in ''Genkō'' 2, whence the era name in its title. The massive project was the work of [[Kokan Shiren]].<ref>Nussbaum, 『''Genkō shakusho''』at {{Google books|p2QnPijAEmEC| p. 239.|page=239}}</ref>

==Notes==

{{Reflist}}

==References==

* Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). [https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC ''Japan encyclopedia''.] Cambridge: [[Harvard University Press]]. {{ISBN|978-0-674-01753-5}}; [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/58053128?referer=di&ht=edition OCLC 58053128]

* [[Isaac Titsingh|Titsingh, Isaac]]. (1834). ''[[Nihon Ōdai Ichiran]]''; ou, [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&q=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran ''Annales des empereurs du Japon''.] Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5850691 OCLC 5850691]

* [[H. Paul Varley|Varley, H. Paul]]. (1980). ''A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns: Jinnō Shōtōki of Kitabatake Chikafusa''. New York: [[Columbia University Press]]. {{ISBN|9780231049405}}; [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/6042764 OCLC 6042764]

==External links==

* [[National Diet Library]], "The Japanese Calendar" [http://www.ndl.go.jp/koyomi/e/ -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection]

* Kyoto National Museum [https://web.archive.org/web/20061013142637/http://www.kyohaku.go.jp/eng/tenji/koremade/index_02.html -- "Treasures of Daikaku-ji", including portrait of Go-Uda and the former-emperor's will]

{{s-start}}

{{succession box

|before=[[Gen'ō]]

|title=[[Japanese era name|Era or ''nengō'']]<br>Genkō

|years=1321–1324

|after=[[Shōchū (era)|Shōchū]]

{{s-end}}

{{Japanese era name}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Genko 1st}}

[[Category:Japanese eras]]

[[Category:1320s in Japan]]