Grono, Switzerland: Difference between revisions

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}

| imagepath_coa = CHE Grono COA.svg|pixel_coa=100px

| district = [[Moesa Region|Moesa]]

|coordinates = {{coord|46|15|N|9|09|E|display=inline,title}}

'''Grono''' is a [[municipalities of Switzerland|municipality]] in the [[Moesa Region]] in the [[Italian language|Italian]] speaking part of the [[Switzerland|Swiss]] [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Grisons]]. On 1 January 2017 the former municipalities of [[Leggia]] and [[Verdabbio]] merged into the municipality of Grono.<ref>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/infothek/nomenklaturen/blank/blank/gem_liste/03.html Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz] published by the Swiss Federal Statistical Office {{in lang|de}} accessed 27 April 2016</ref>

===Grono===

Grono is first mentioned in 1219 as ''de Grono''. In 1395 it was mentioned as ''de Agrono''.<ref name="HDS Grono"/>

===Leggia===

Leggia is first mentioned in 1295 as ''de Legia''.<ref name=HDS_Leggia>{{HDS|1561|Leggia}}</ref>

===Verdabbio===

Verdabbio is first mentioned in 1203 as ''Vertabio''.<ref name=HDS_Ver>{{HDS|1564|Verdabbio}}</ref>

After the 2017 merger Grono had an areaof {{Swiss area|3832|mi=on}}.{{Swiss area data|3832|QUELLE}} Before the merger Grono had an area, (as of the 2004/09 survey) of {{convert|14.83|km2|sqmi|sp=us}}. Of this area, about 8.6% is used for agricultural purposes, while 58.4% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 4.5% is settled (buildings or roads) and 28.5% is unproductive land. In the 2004/09 survey a total of {{convert|44|ha|acre|abbr=on}} or about 3.0% of the total area was covered with buildings, an increase of {{convert|11|ha|acre|abbr=on}} over the 1983 amount.

Of the agricultural land, {{convert|4|ha|acre|abbr=on}} is used for orchards and vineyards, {{convert|68|ha|acre|abbr=on}} is fields and grasslands and {{convert|69|ha|acre|abbr=on}} consists of alpine grazing areas. Since 1983 the amount of agricultural land has decreased by {{convert|12|ha|acre|abbr=on}}. Over the same time period the amount of forested land has increased by {{convert|25|ha|acre|abbr=on}}. Rivers and lakes cover {{convert|32|ha|acre|abbr=on}} in the municipality.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/de/home/statistiken/raum-umwelt/bodennutzung-bedeckung.gnpdetail.2016-0436.html |title=Arealstatistik Land Use – Gemeinden nach 10 Klassen |date=24 November 2016 |website=landuse-stat.admin.ch |publisher=Swiss Federal Statistical Office |access-date=27 December 2016}}</ref><ref name=SFSO2016>[https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/de/home/statistiken/regionalstatistik/regionale-portraets-kennzahlen/gemeinden/daten-erlaeuterungen.assetdetail.328115.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office – Regional portraits] accessed 27 October 2016</ref>

Before 2017, the municipality was located in the Roveredo sub-district of the Moesa district, after 2017 it was part of the Moesa Region.<ref>[https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/de/home/grundlagen/agvch.assetdetail.1666963.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office – Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz – Mutationsmeldungen 2016] accessed 16 February 2017</ref> The village is on the right bank of the [[Moesa]] river by the mouth of the Calanca.

After the 2017 merger Grono has a population ({{as of|{{Swiss populations YM|CH-GR}}|lc=on}}) of {{Swiss populations|CH-GR|3832}}.{{Swiss populations ref|CH-GR}} {{as of|2014}}, 32.3% of the population are resident foreign nationals. In 2015 a small minority (155 or 15.2% of the population) was born in Italy and 89 or 8.7% of the population was born in Portugal.<ref>[https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/de/home/statistiken/kataloge-datenbanken/daten.assetdetail.325718.html Federal Statistical Office – Ständige und nichtständige Wohnbevölkerung nach institutionellen Gliederungen, Geburtsort und Staatsangehörigkeit (Land)] accessed 31 October 2016</ref> Over the last 4 years (2010-2014) the population has changed at a rate of 6.72%. The [[birth rate]] in the municipality, in 2014, was 13.9, while the [[death rate]] was 7.0 per thousand residents.<ref name=SFSO2016/>

{{as of|2000}}, the gender distribution of the population was 51.4% male and 48.6% female.<ref name=GR_Numbers>[http://www.gr.ch/DE/institutionen/verwaltung/dvs/awt/dienstleistungen/volkswirtschaftlichegrundlagen/Seiten/default.aspx Graubunden in Numbers] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090924000647/http://www.gr.ch/DE/institutionen/verwaltung/dvs/awt/dienstleistungen/volkswirtschaftlichegrundlagen/Seiten/default.aspx |date=24 September 2009 }} {{in lang|de}} accessed 21 September 2009</ref> The age distribution, {{as of|2000|lc=on}}, in Grono is; 93 children or 10.2% of the population were between 0 and 9 years old. 40 teenagers or 4.4% were 10 to 14, and 40 teenagers or 4.4% were 15 to 19. Of the adult population, 107 people or 11.7% of the population were between 20 and 29 years old. 130 people or 14.2% were 30 to 39, 145 people or 15.8% were 40 to 49, and 138 people or 15.1% were 50 to 59. The senior population distribution was 87 people or 9.5% of the population were between 60 and 69 years old, 68 people or 7.4% were 70 to 79, there were 58 people or 6.3% who were 80 to 89, and there were 10 people or 1.1% who were 90 to 99.<ref name=Population>[http://www.gr.ch/DE/institutionen/verwaltung/dvs/awt/dienstleistungen/volkswirtschaftlichegrundlagen/Seiten/Bevoelkerung.aspx Graubunden Population Statistics] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090827132227/http://www.gr.ch/DE/institutionen/verwaltung/dvs/awt/dienstleistungen/volkswirtschaftlichegrundlagen/Seiten/Bevoelkerung.aspx |date=27 August 2009 }} {{in lang|de}} accessed 21 September 2009</ref>

In 2015 there were 385 single residents, 507 people who were married or in a civil partnership, 56 widows or widowers and 72 divorced residents.<ref>[https://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Default.aspx?px_language=de Swiss Federal Statistical Office – Ständige und nichtständige Wohnbevölkerung nach institutionellen Gliederungen, Geschlecht, Zivilstand und Geburtsort] {{in lang|de}} accessed 8 September 2016</ref>

In 2014 there were 428 private households in Grono with an average household size of 2.32 persons. Of the 273 inhabited buildings in the municipality, in 2000, about 63.7% were single family homes and 15.8% were multiple family buildings. Additionally, about 24.2% of the buildings were built before 1919, while 13.2% were built between 1991 and 2000.<ref name=Housing>[https://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/ Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB – Thema 09 – Bau- und Wohnungswesen ] {{in lang|de}} accessed 5 May 2016</ref> In 2013 the rate of construction of new housing units per 1000 residents was 2.01. The vacancy rate for the municipality, {{as of|2015|alt=in 2015}}, was 0.76%.<ref name=SFSO2016/>

The historical population is given in the following table:<ref name="HDS Grono">{{HDS|1560|Grono}}</ref>

The ''[[Torre Fiorenzana]]'' is listed as a Swiss [[Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance|heritage site of national significance]].<ref>[http://www.bevoelkerungsschutz.admin.ch/internet/bs/de/home/themen/kgs/kgs_inventar.html Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090501142322/http://www.bevoelkerungsschutz.admin.ch/internet/bs/de/home/themen/kgs/kgs_inventar.html |date=1 May 2009 }} 21.11.2008 version, {{in lang|de}} accessed 23-Oct-2009</ref>

The Torre Fiorenzana was built about the end of the 12th century for the Sacco family. It is a five-story [[tower house]] with a rectangular footprint. In 1406 it was the site of the murder of Alberto de Sacco. In 1977 it was restored and is now owned by the Museo moesano.

==Sightseeing Attractions==

[[File:Grono Schulhaus1.JPG|thumb|300px|Schoolhouse by [[Raphael Zuber]]]]

* 2007–2011: Schoolhouse by [[Raphael Zuber]]<ref>https://www.archdaily.com/331426/schoolhouse-grono-raphael-zuber

</ref>

==Climate==

Grono features an [[oceanic climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''Cfb''), closely bordering on a [[humid continental climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''Dfb'') with hot, humid summers and cold, somewhat dry but quite snowy winters.

The nationwide record temperature of {{convert|41.5|°C|°F}} was registered in Grono during the [[2003 European heat wave]] on 11 August 2003.<ref name="Weather in Switzerland">{{cite web |url=http://www.meteosuisse.admin.ch/home/climat/passe/extremes-climatiques/records-suisse.html |title=Records Suisse |publisher=MeteoSwiss |access-date=25 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816174245/http://www.meteosuisse.admin.ch/home/climat/passe/extremes-climatiques/records-suisse.html |archive-date=16 August 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In comparison, the coldest temperature ever measured in Switzerland was {{convert|-41.8|C|F|abbr=on}} in [[La Brévine]].<ref name="HDS LaBr">{{HDS|2841|La Brévine}}</ref>

Between 1991 and 2020 Grono had an average of 99.7 days of rain per year and on average received {{convert|1317|mm|in|abbr=on}} of [[Precipitation (meteorology)|precipitation]].

The wettest month was August during which time Grono received an average of {{convert|164|mm|in|abbr=on}} of precipitation over 10.6 days.

The driest month of the year was February with an average of {{convert|49|mm|in|abbr=on}} of precipitation over 4.6 days.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.meteoswiss.admin.ch/web/de/klima/klima_schweiz/tabellen.html |title=Temperature and Precipitation Average Values-Table, 1991-2020 |accessdate=8 May 2009 |publisher=Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology – MeteoSwiss |language=German, French, Italian |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090627163841/http://www.meteoswiss.admin.ch/web/de/klima/klima_schweiz/tabellen.html |archivedate=27 June 2009 }}, the weather station elevation is 382 meters above sea level.</ref>

|location = Grono (1991–2020)

| Jan high C = 6.0

| Feb high C = 8.8

| Mar high C = 14.0

| Apr high C = 17.6

| May high C = 21.2

| Jun high C = 25.2

| Jul high C = 27.5

| Aug high C = 26.8

| Sep high C = 22.0

| Oct high C = 16.7

| Nov high C = 10.6

| Dec high C = 6.1

| year high C = 16.9

| Jan mean C = 0.8

| Feb mean C = 2.8

| Mar mean C = 7.3

| Apr mean C = 11.0

| May mean C = 14.8

| Jun mean C = 18.5

| Jul mean C = 20.4

| Aug mean C = 19.9

| Sep mean C = 15.6

| Oct mean C = 11.0

| Nov mean C = 5.7

| Dec mean C = 1.2

| year mean C = 10.8

| Jan low C = -2.5

| Feb low C = -1.4

| Mar low C = 2.1

| Apr low C = 5.3

| May low C = 9.2

| Jun low C = 13.0

| Jul low C = 14.7

| Aug low C = 14.7

| Sep low C = 11.1

| Oct low C = 7.1

| Nov low C = 2.3

| Dec low C = -1.9

| year low C = 6.1

| precipitation colour = green

| Jan precipitation mm = 69

| Feb precipitation mm = 49

| Mar precipitation mm = 62

| Apr precipitation mm = 106

| May precipitation mm = 142

| Jun precipitation mm = 154

| Jul precipitation mm = 145

| Aug precipitation mm = 164

| Sep precipitation mm = 138

| Oct precipitation mm = 134

| Nov precipitation mm = 147

| Dec precipitation mm = 71

| year precipitation mm = 1317

| Jan snow cm = 24.5

| Feb snow cm = 10.4

| Mar snow cm = 5.0

| Apr snow cm = 0.7

| May snow cm = 0.0

| Jun snow cm = 0.0

| Jul snow cm = 0.0

| Aug snow cm = 0.0

| Sep snow cm = 0.0

| Oct snow cm = 0.4

| Nov snow cm = 3.7

| Dec snow cm = 19.0

| year snow cm = 63.7

| unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm

| Jan precipitation days = 5.4

| Feb precipitation days = 4.6

| Mar precipitation days = 5.9

| Apr precipitation days = 8.7

| May precipitation days = 12.1

| Jun precipitation days = 10.8

| Jul precipitation days = 9.8

| Aug precipitation days = 10.6

| Sep precipitation days = 8.5

| Oct precipitation days = 8.5

| Nov precipitation days = 8.8

| Dec precipitation days = 6.0

| year precipitation days = 99.7

| unit snow days = 1.0&nbsp;cm

| Jan snow days = 2.3

| Feb snow days = 2.0

| Mar snow days = 0.8

| Apr snow days = 0.2

| May snow days = 0.0

| Jun snow days = 0.0

| Jul snow days = 0.0

| Aug snow days = 0.0

| Sep snow days = 0.0

| Oct snow days = 0.1

| Nov snow days = 0.7

| Dec snow days = 2.2

| year snow days = 8.3

| Jan humidity = 72

| Feb humidity = 65

| Mar humidity = 61

| Apr humidity = 64

| May humidity = 71

| Jun humidity = 72

| Jul humidity = 71

| Aug humidity = 74

| Sep humidity = 77

| Oct humidity = 82

| Nov humidity = 78

| Dec humidity = 75

| year humidity = 72

|source 1 = [[MeteoSwiss]] (snow 1981–2010)<ref name=MeteoSwiss>{{cite web

| url = https://www.meteoswiss.admin.ch/product/output/climate-data/climate-diagrams-normal-values-station-processing/GRO/climsheet_GRO_np9120_e.pdf

| title = Climate Normals Grono (Reference period 1991−2020)

| publisher = Swiss Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology, MeteoSwiss

| date = 13 January 2022

| access-date = 13 January 2022}}</ref><ref name=MeteoSwiss1981>{{cite web

| url = https://www.meteoswiss.admin.ch/product/output/climate-data/climate-diagrams-normal-values-station-processing/GRO/climsheet_GRO_np8110_e.pdf

| title = Climate Normals Grono (Reference period 1981−2010)

| publisher = Swiss Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology, MeteoSwiss

| date = 13 January 2022

| access-date = 13 January 2022}}</ref>

==Economy==

Grono is an industrial-tertiary municipality, a municipality where agriculture and manufacturing play a minor role in the economy.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/de/home/statistiken/querschnittsthemen/raeumliche-analysen/raeumliche-gliederungen/analyseregionen.assetdetail.335600.html|title=Die Raumgliederungen der Schweiz 2016 |publisher= Swiss Federal Statistical Office |location=Neuchâtel, Switzerland |language=de, fr, it, en |date=17 February 2016 |accessdate= 14 December 2016}}</ref> {{as of|2014|In 2014}}, there were a total of 825 people employed in the municipality. Of these, a total of 6 people worked in 5 businesses in the [[Primary sector of the economy|primary economic sector]]. The [[Secondary sector of the economy|secondary sector]] employed 343 workers in 35 separate businesses. A minority (21.3%) of the secondary sector employees worked in very small businesses. There were 7 small businesses with a total of 214 employees and one mid-sized business with a total of 56 employees. Finally, the [[Tertiary sector of the economy|tertiary sector]] provided 476 jobs in 131 businesses. There were two mid-sized businesses with a total of 137 employees.<ref>[https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/de/home/statistiken/kataloge-datenbanken/daten.assetdetail.331681.html Federal Statistical Office -Arbeitsstätten und Beschäftigte nach Gemeinde, Wirtschaftssektor und Grössenklasse] accessed 31 October 2016</ref> In 2014 a total of 2.% of the population received social assistance.<ref name=SFSO2016/>

==Politics==

In the [[2015 Swiss federal election|2015 federal election]] the most popular party was the [[Swiss People's Party|SVP]] with 41.0% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the [[Social Democratic Party of Switzerland|SP]] (21.5%), the [[Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland|CVP]] (18.7%) and the [[FDP.The Liberals|FDP]] (10.3%). In the federal election, a total of 212 votes were cast, and the [[voter turnout]] was 35.7%. The 2015 election saw a large change in the voting when compared to 2011. The percentage that the CVP received dropped from 29.2% to 18.7%, while the percentage of the vote received by the SVP increased sharply from 22.2% in 2011 to 41.0%.<ref>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/02/blank/data/07/03.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office – Nationalratswahlen 2015: Stärke der Parteien und Wahlbeteiligung nach Gemeinden] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160802003536/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/02/blank/data/07/03.html |date=2 August 2016 }} {{in lang|de}} accessed 18 July 2016</ref>

In the [[2007 Swiss federal election|2007 federal election]] the most popular party was the [[Swiss People's Party|SVP]] which received 32.6% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the [[Social Democratic Party of Switzerland|SP]] (29.1%), the [[Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland|CVP]] (26.7%) and the [[Free Democratic Party of Switzerland|FDP]] (10.9%).<ref name=SFSO>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/en/index/regionen/02/key.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105172441/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/en/index/regionen/02/key.html |date=5 January 2016 }} accessed 23 October 2009</ref>

==Education==

In Grono about 56.4% of the population (between age 25–64) have completed either non-mandatory [[Education in Switzerland#Secondary|upper secondary education]] or additional higher education (either university or a ''[[Fachhochschule]]'').<ref name=SFSO/>

==Crime==

In 2014 the crime rate, of the over 200 crimes listed in the [[Strafgesetzbuch (Switzerland)|Swiss Criminal Code]] (running from murder, robbery and assault to accepting bribes and election fraud), in Grono was 50.2 per thousand residents, slightly lower than the national average (64.6 per thousand). There were no drug crimes nor violations of immigration, visa and work permit laws.<ref>[https://www.atlas.bfs.admin.ch/maps/13/de/11488_11587_3864_7266/19010.html Statistical Atlas of Switzerland] accessed 5 April 2016</ref>

{{reflist}}

* {{Official website|http://grono.moesano.ch/}} {{in lang|it}}

* {{HDS|1561|Leggia}}

* {{Commons category-inline|Grono}}

{{Municipalities of the Moesa Region}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Grono| ]]

[[Category:Municipalities of Graubünden]]

[[Category:Cultural property of national significance in Graubünden]]