curprev23:0823:08, 1 September 2023 Ahhpedrinhotalkcontribs 36,414 bytes−177 innacurate map and not relevant to the article since theres a similar map (and much more precise) below, the papal states were not under Frederick's rule, so much so that Frederick "invaded" papal lands, in particular in the Marche region during his reign, so the question is how would he invade lands that were already his? the obvious answer is that because it was not under his ruleundoTag: Visual edit