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{{Short description|Traditional Japanese clay dolls originating from Fukuoka, Japan}} |
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{{Copyedit|date=January 2007}} |
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{{More citations needed|date=March 2015}} |
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{{nihongo|'''Hakata |
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[[File:KurodaBushi.jpg|thumb|right|A Hakata figurine of a ''[[bushi (warrior)|bushi]]'' of the [[Kuroda clan]]]] |
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| ⚫ | A{{nihongo|'''Hakata doll'''|博多人形|Hakata ningyō}} is a [[Japanese traditional dolls|traditional Japanese clay doll]], originally from the city of [[Fukuoka, Fukuoka|Fukuoka]], part of which was previously named Hakata before the city merger in 1889. |
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== History == |
== History == |
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The commonly accepted origin of Hakata dolls is 17th-century [[Hakata-ku, Fukuoka|Hakata]]. Artisans including [[Souichi Masaki]] produced {{nihongo|unglazed Hakata doll|博多素焼人形|Hakata suyaki ningyō}} in clay, as offerings to Buddhist temples or as gifts to [[Kuroda Nagamasa]], the ruler of Hakata at that time. Hakata also has a famous festival, [[Hakata Gion Yamakasa]], which involves decorated ''[[ningyō]]'' (doll) floats. The floats are made from [[wood]], but it is believed that the method of production of these floats strongly influenced the Hakata doll. |
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[[Image:KurodaBushi.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Kuroda bushi (Hakata ningyo)]] |
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There are several theories of the origin of [[Hakata]] dolls. According to recent academic research, the primary origin is from [[China]]. In fact, several archaeological evidences like simple biscuit fired toys have been found after excavation of Hakata. On the other hand, according to the legend, its history dates back to the beginning of the 17th century when Hakata town was ruled by [[Kuroda Nagamasa]]. A roof tile craftsman called [[Souhiti Masaki]], gifted clay dolls to the load Kuroda. At this age, Hakata dolls were called as {{nihongo|Hakata suyaki ningyo|"博多素焼人形", "Hakata unglazed doll"}}.Besides, Hakata has a famous festival which named [[Hakata Gion Yamakasa]] In this well known festival, it's participant pull gorgeously decorated [[Ningyo]] [[Yamakasa]] floats. Although the floats itself are not made of clay but by [[wood]], it is believed that these methods of making floats are strongly influenced on early age of Hakata doll. |
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Hakata dolls appeared in the 1890 National Industrial Exhibition in Japan and in the [[Exposition Universelle (1900)|Exposition Universelle]] (Paris World Expo) in 1900 and became a topic of discussion. “Dolls of the World” were made with Hakata techniques and were well received at the Paris expo; they are now in a collection at the General Research Museum at [[Tokyo University]]. Delicately made with rich coloration, these “Dolls of the World” were sold for 1 [[Japanese yen|yen]] and 50 [[Japanese sen|sen]] in those days. |
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The changing of “simple biscuit fired toys” to beautiful artworks occurred in the end of 19th century. A master craftsman whose name is [[Rokusaburo Shirouzu]] began to study colouring, balance of human frame and other modern artistic skill under instruction by [[Itusyo Yada]] who was oil painter. Since then Hakata dolls are crafted more realistically. As the result of [[Rokusaburo Shirouzu]] and his pupils (e.g.Yoichi Kojima and Kihei Harada.) effort Yoichi Kojima was awarded the gold prize in the Paris world's exposition held in 1925. Kihei Harada and Yoichi Kojima are awarded the silver prize in the same world exposition. |
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After the Second World War end, Japan was occupied by the United States Army. Even Fukuoka is not the exception and be occupied. The United States Army took back the Hakata dolls as the souvenir to America. This was exactly what Hakata doll got worldwide fame, and Hakata doll thereafter was exported to many countries. At the same time, the Hakata doll became one of the famous souvenir article of domestically, and its bad quality that was produced factory simultaneously closed appear. |
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Although the image disappeared now a few tradition craftwork technician is conveying their skill in the near future. |
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At the end of the 19th century, Hakata dolls transformed from simple biscuit-fired toys to works of art. Master craftsman [[Rokusaburō Shirouzu]] began to study [[colour theory]], [[human proportions]], and other modern artistic theories and techniques under [[Itusyo Yada]], an oil painter, which led to the production of more realistic Hakata. [[Yoichi Kojima]], a student of Rokusaburō Shirouzu, won a gold medal in Paris' 1925 [[International Exhibition of Modern Decorative and Industrial Arts]] for his Hakata dolls, and fellow students [[Kihei Harada]] and Yoichi Oayu were awarded silver medals. |
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==External links== |
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* [http://www.hakataningyo.com/index.htm Hakata Doll Association] |
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* [http://www.existenz.co.jp/fn2.htm overview of Hakata doll, including craftsmen and studio's name][http://www.existenz.co.jp/hakata%20urasaki.htm detailed information about so-called Hakata Urasaki doll]. |
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* [http://www.japanarts.jp/ Beauty of Japanese Art Imari & Hakata Doll][http://www.japanarts.jp/ Hakata doll's history, process making, and craftsman]. |
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The Hakata doll gained fame when American soldiers took them back to the US as souvenirs during the [[American occupation of Japan]] following the [[Second World War]]. Japan started exporting Hakata dolls soon afterwards. At the same time, the Hakata doll became well known domestically, and factories began producing Hakata dolls of lesser quality. Although the image of the Hakata doll is no longer popular, some artisans continue to make Hakata dolls in the traditional fashion. |
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==References== |
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* {{cite book |
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[[Category:Japan]] |
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| last = Hakata Doll |
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[[Category:Japanese culture]] |
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| first = Association |
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| authorlink = |
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| title = Hakata Ningyo Enkakushi |
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| publisher = Hakata Doll Association |
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| date = March 2001 |
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| location = Japan |
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| pages = |
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| id = }} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Hakata ningyo}} |
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[[ja:博多人形]] |
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this articlebyadding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
Find sources: "Hakata doll" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (March 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
AHakata doll (博多人形, Hakata ningyō) is a traditional Japanese clay doll, originally from the city of Fukuoka, part of which was previously named Hakata before the city merger in 1889.
The commonly accepted origin of Hakata dolls is 17th-century Hakata. Artisans including Souichi Masaki produced unglazed Hakata doll (博多素焼人形, Hakata suyaki ningyō) in clay, as offerings to Buddhist temples or as gifts to Kuroda Nagamasa, the ruler of Hakata at that time. Hakata also has a famous festival, Hakata Gion Yamakasa, which involves decorated ningyō (doll) floats. The floats are made from wood, but it is believed that the method of production of these floats strongly influenced the Hakata doll.
Hakata dolls appeared in the 1890 National Industrial Exhibition in Japan and in the Exposition Universelle (Paris World Expo) in 1900 and became a topic of discussion. “Dolls of the World” were made with Hakata techniques and were well received at the Paris expo; they are now in a collection at the General Research Museum at Tokyo University. Delicately made with rich coloration, these “Dolls of the World” were sold for 1 yen and 50 sen in those days.
At the end of the 19th century, Hakata dolls transformed from simple biscuit-fired toys to works of art. Master craftsman Rokusaburō Shirouzu began to study colour theory, human proportions, and other modern artistic theories and techniques under Itusyo Yada, an oil painter, which led to the production of more realistic Hakata. Yoichi Kojima, a student of Rokusaburō Shirouzu, won a gold medal in Paris' 1925 International Exhibition of Modern Decorative and Industrial Arts for his Hakata dolls, and fellow students Kihei Harada and Yoichi Oayu were awarded silver medals.
The Hakata doll gained fame when American soldiers took them back to the US as souvenirs during the American occupation of Japan following the Second World War. Japan started exporting Hakata dolls soon afterwards. At the same time, the Hakata doll became well known domestically, and factories began producing Hakata dolls of lesser quality. Although the image of the Hakata doll is no longer popular, some artisans continue to make Hakata dolls in the traditional fashion.
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