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{{Other uses|Half-Breed (disambiguation){{!}}Half-Breed}} |
{{Other uses|Half-Breed (disambiguation){{!}}Half-Breed}} |
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[[File:PaulKane-BuffaloHunt-ROM.jpg|thumb|250px|right|[[Paul Kane]]'s oil painting "Half-Breeds Running Buffalo" depicts a [[Métis buffalo hunt]] on the prairies of Dakota in June 1846.]] |
[[File:PaulKane-BuffaloHunt-ROM.jpg|thumb|250px|right|[[Paul Kane]]'s oil painting "Half-Breeds Running Buffalo" depicts a [[Métis buffalo hunt]] on the prairies of Dakota in June 1846.]] |
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'''Half-breed''' is a term, now considered [[Pejorative|derogatory]], used to describe anyone who is of mixed race; although, in the [[United States]], it usually refers to people who are half [[Native Americans in the United States| |
'''Half-breed''' is a term, now considered [[Pejorative|derogatory]], used to describe anyone who is of mixed race; although, in the [[United States]], it usually refers to people who are half [[Native Americans in the United States|American Indians]] and half [[European American|European]]/[[White Americans|white]].<ref>{{cite web |
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| title =The free dictionary (half-breed)| url =http://www.thefreedictionary.com/half-breed| date = |
| title =The free dictionary (half-breed)| url =http://www.thefreedictionary.com/half-breed| date = |
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| accessdate =2014-03-23}}</ref> |
| accessdate =2014-03-23}}</ref> |
Half-breed is a term, now considered derogatory, used to describe anyone who is of mixed race; although, in the United States, it usually refers to people who are half American Indians and half European/white.[1]
In the 19th century the United States government set aside lands in the western states for people of American Indian and EuropeanorEuropean-American ancestry known as the Half-Breed Tract. The Nemaha Half-Breed Reservation was established by the Treaty of Prairie du Chien of 1830.[2] In Article 4 of the 1823 Treaty of Fond du Lac land was granted to the "half-breeds" of Chippewa descent on the islands and shore of St. Mary's River near Sault Ste. Marie.[3]
During the Pemmican War trials that began in 1818 in Montreal regarding the destruction of the Selkirk Settlement on the Red River the terms Half-Breeds, Bois-Brulés, Brulés and Métifs were defined as "Persons descended from Indian women by white men, and in these trials applied chiefly to those employed by the North-West Company".[4]
The Canadian government used the term half-breed in the late 19th and early 20th century for people who were of mixed Aboriginal and European ancestry.[5] The North-West Half-Breed Commission established by the Canadian government after the North West Rebellion also used the term to refer to the Métis residents of the North-West Territories. In 1885 children born in the Northwest of Métis parents or "pure Indian and white parents" were defined as half-breeds by the commission and were eligible for "Half-breed" Scrip.[6][7][8]
InAlberta the Métis formed the "Halfbreed Association of Northern Alberta" in 1932.[9]
"Half-Breed" is a song recorded by Cher and released as a single in 1973. On October 6, 1973, it became Cher's second U.S. number one hit as a solo artist, and it was her second solo single to hit the top spot in Canada on the same date.[10]