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{{Short description|American physician, bacteriologist and author (1878–1940)}} |
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<!-- pie -->{{Infobox scientist |
<!-- pie -->{{Infobox scientist |
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| name = Hans Zinsser |
| name = Hans Zinsser |
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| image = Hans Zinsser. Photograph. Wellcome V0027629.jpg |
| image = Hans Zinsser. Photograph. Wellcome V0027629.jpg |
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| image_size = |
| image_size = |
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| caption = |
| caption = |
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| birth_date = November 17, 1878 |
| birth_date = November 17, 1878 |
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| birth_place = New York City |
| birth_place = New York City |
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| death_date = September 4, 1940 (age 61) |
| death_date = September 4, 1940 (age 61) |
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| death_place = New York City |
| death_place = New York City |
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| residence = |
| residence = |
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| nationality = American |
| nationality = American |
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| field = |
| field = Physician, [[bacteriologist]], and [[epidemiologist]] |
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| education = [[Dwight School|Timothy Dwight School]] |
| education = [[Dwight School|Timothy Dwight School]] |
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| work_institution = [[Columbia University]] <br />[[Stanford University]]<br />[[Harvard Medical School]] |
| work_institution = [[Columbia University]] <br />[[Stanford University]]<br />[[Harvard Medical School]] |
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| alma_mater = Columbia University ( |
| alma_mater = [[Columbia University]] (BS & MD) |
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| doctoral_advisor = Philip Hanson Hiss |
| doctoral_advisor = Philip Hanson Hiss |
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| doctoral_students = [[William Hammon]]<br />[[Rebecca Lancefield]] |
| doctoral_students = [[William Hammon]]<br />[[Rebecca Lancefield]] |
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| known_for = [[Typhus]] |
| known_for = [[Typhus]] |
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| prizes = |
| prizes = |
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| footnotes = |
| footnotes = |
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}} |
}} |
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'''Hans Zinsser''' (November 17, 1878 – September 4, 1940) was an American |
'''Hans Zinsser''' (November 17, 1878 – September 4, 1940) was an American physician, [[bacteriologist]], and prolific author.<ref> |
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{{cite journal |author=Summers WC |title=Hans Zinsser: a tale of two cultures |journal=The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine |volume=72 |issue=5 |pages=341–7 |year=1999 |pmid=11049165 |
{{cite journal |author=Summers WC |title=Hans Zinsser: a tale of two cultures |journal=The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine |volume=72 |issue=5 |pages=341–7 |year=1999 |pmid=11049165 |pmc=2579027}}</ref> |
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The author of over 200 books and medical articles, he was also a published poet. Some of his verses were published in ''[[The Atlantic Monthly]]''.<ref name=zinsser> |
The author of over 200 books and medical articles, he was also a published poet. Some of his verses were published in ''[[The Atlantic Monthly]]''.<ref name=zinsser> |
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"Zinsser, Hans". ''National Cyclopaedia of American Biography''. New York: James T. White Company. 1950. Volume XXXVI, pp. 35-36.</ref> |
"Zinsser, Hans". ''National Cyclopaedia of American Biography''. New York: James T. White Company. 1950. Volume XXXVI, pp. 35-36.</ref> |
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His 1940 publication, ''As I Remember Him: the Biography of R.S.'', won one of the [[List of National Book Award winners#1935 to 1941|early National Book Awards]], the sixth and last annual award for Nonfiction voted by members of the American Booksellers Association.<ref name=nyt1936a> |
His 1940 publication, ''[[As I Remember Him: the Biography of R.S.]]'', won one of the [[List of National Book Award winners#1935 to 1941|early National Book Awards]], the sixth and last annual award for Nonfiction voted by members of the American Booksellers Association.<ref name=nyt1936a> |
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"Books and Authors", ''The New York Times'', 1936-04-12, p. BR12. ProQuest Historical Newspapers The New York Times (1851-2007).</ref><ref name=nyt1941> |
"Books and Authors", ''The New York Times'', 1936-04-12, p. BR12. ProQuest Historical Newspapers The New York Times (1851-2007).</ref><ref name=nyt1941> |
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"Books and Authors", ''The New York Times'', 1941-02-16, p. BR12. ProQuest Historical Newspapers The New York Times (1851-2007).</ref> |
"Books and Authors", ''The New York Times'', 1941-02-16, p. BR12. ProQuest Historical Newspapers The New York Times (1851-2007).</ref> |
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He is remembered especially for his 1935 book, '' |
He is remembered especially for his 1935 book, ''[[Rats, Lice and History]]''. |
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==Biography== |
==Biography== |
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The son of German immigrants,<!-- August and Marie Zinsser, if the gravesite is correctly identified and substantially correct |
The son of German immigrants,<!-- August and Marie Zinsser, if the gravesite is correctly identified and substantially correct |
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--> Zinsser was born in New York City in 1878. He attended [[Dwight School|Timothy Dwight School]] on the Upper West Side of Manhattan. He received his undergraduate degree from [[Columbia University]] in 1899 and completed both a master's degree and a doctorate in medicine there in 1903.<ref> |
--> Zinsser was born in New York City in 1878. He attended [[Dwight School|Timothy Dwight School]] on the Upper West Side of Manhattan. He received his undergraduate degree from [[Columbia University]] in 1899 and completed both a master's degree and a doctorate in medicine there in 1903.<ref> |
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{{cite journal | author = Mueller JH | title = Hans Zinsser, 1878–1940 | journal = Journal of Bacteriology | date= |
{{cite journal | author = Mueller JH | author-link = John Howard Mueller | title = Hans Zinsser, 1878–1940 | journal = Journal of Bacteriology | date=December 1, 1940| volume = 40 | issue = 6 | pages = i2-753 | doi = 10.1128/JB.40.6.i2-753.1940 | url= | pmid = 16560389 | pmc = 374674 }}</ref> |
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In 1905, he married Ruby Handforth Kunz, eldest daughter of the mineralogist, [[George Frederick Kunz]], and they had two children, Hans Handforth and Gretel Zinsser, and they all lived in Boston. |
In 1905, he married Ruby Handforth Kunz, eldest daughter of the mineralogist, [[George Frederick Kunz]], and they had two children, Hans Handforth and Gretel Zinsser, and they all lived in Boston. |
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===Career=== |
===Career=== |
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[[File:Hans Zinsser.jpg|thumb|left|Zinsser as a [[US Army Medical Corps]] officer in [[World War I]]]] |
[[File:Hans Zinsser.jpg|thumb|left|Zinsser as a [[US Army Medical Corps]] officer in [[World War I]]]] |
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After holding a series of academic medicine positions, Zinsser became an associate professor at [[Stanford University]] in 1910. In 1913, he moved to a position at his ''alma mater''. Ten years later, |
After holding a series of academic medicine positions, Zinsser became an associate professor at [[Stanford University]] in 1910. In 1913, he moved to a position at his ''alma mater''. At Columbia, he was the doctoral advisor of [[Rebecca Lancefield]], although he did not permit her to physically work in his laboratory due to her gender.<ref>O'Hern, Elizabeth (1975). "Rebecca Craighill Lancefield, Pioneer Microbiologist" (PDF). ''ASM News''. '''4''': 805–810.</ref> Ten years later, Zinsser was hired by [[Harvard Medical School]], where he stayed — except for service in the [[US Army Medical Corps]] in [[World War I]] — until his death. |
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[[File:Distservmedal.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|US Army Distinguished Service Medal]] |
[[File:Distservmedal.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|US Army Distinguished Service Medal]] |
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Zinsser taught as an exchange professor and worked with the [[American Red Cross]] in France, Russia, Serbia and China, and was noted for his work in [[typhus]] and [[immunology]]. He became a [[Lieutenant Colonel (United States Army)|lieutenant colonel]] in the [[US Army]] and served overseas during World War I. He was awarded the [[Distinguished Service Medal (U.S. Army)|Distinguished Service Medal]], the citation for which read as follows "For exceptionally meritorious and distinguished services-- while acting as Sanitation Inspector of the Second Army he organized, perfected and administered with extraordinary and exceptional success a plan of military sanitation and epidemic-disease control." Zinsser also received another military citation for taking exceptional risks to minister to wounded soldiers while under direct enemy fire. He was also awarded the [[Order of St. Sava]] of Serbia and the [[Legion of Honour]] in France.<ref name=zinsser/> |
Zinsser taught as an exchange professor and worked with the [[American Red Cross]] in France, Russia, Serbia and China, and was noted for his work in [[typhus]] and [[immunology]]. He became a [[Lieutenant Colonel (United States Army)|lieutenant colonel]] in the [[US Army]] and served overseas during World War I. He was awarded the [[Distinguished Service Medal (U.S. Army)|Distinguished Service Medal]], the citation for which read as follows "For exceptionally meritorious and distinguished services-- while acting as Sanitation Inspector of the Second Army he organized, perfected and administered with extraordinary and exceptional success a plan of military sanitation and epidemic-disease control." Zinsser also received another military citation for taking exceptional risks to minister to wounded soldiers while under direct enemy fire. He was also awarded the [[Order of St. Sava]] of Serbia and the [[Legion of Honour]] in France.<ref name=zinsser/> |
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Zinsser's scientific work focused on bacteriology and immunology and he is most associated with [[typhus]], especially the form called [[Brill–Zinsser disease]], his namesake. He isolated the typhus bacterium and developed a protective [[vaccine]]. He wrote several books about [[biology]] and |
Zinsser's scientific work focused on bacteriology and immunology and he is most associated with [[typhus]], especially the form called [[Brill–Zinsser disease]], his namesake. He isolated the typhus bacterium and developed a protective [[vaccine]]. He wrote several books about [[biology]] and bacteria, notably ''Rats, Lice and History'' (1935), a "biography" of typhus fever.<ref>Zinsser, Hans (1935), [https://books.google.com/books?id=deE1pov75sAC&q=%22rats,+lice+and+history%22 ''Rats, Lice, and History: Being a Study in Biography, Which, After Twelve Preliminary Chapters Indispensable for the Preparation of the Lay Reader, Deals With the Life History of Typhus Fever''] (Reprinted in 1963, 1996 ([[Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers]]), and 2007 ([[Transaction Publishers]]))</ref> Zinsser had a strong influence on the work of [[Albert Coons]] (1912–1978), who developed the technique of [[immunohistochemistry]]. Zinsser was a mentor to, and colleague of, [[John Franklin Enders]],<ref>{{cite web |title=John Franklin Enders and Modern Vaccines {{!}} Manuscripts and Archives Blog |url=https://campuspress.yale.edu/mssa/john-franklin-enders-and-modern-vaccines/ |website=campuspress.yale.edu |access-date=December 6, 2020}}</ref> who was awarded the 1954 [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] (together with [[Frederick Chapman Robbins]] and [[Thomas Huckle Weller]]).<ref>{{cite web |title=Past Presidents and Officers: John F. Enders, Ph.D. |url=https://www.aai.org/About/History/Past-Presidents-and-Officers/JohnFEnders |website=aai.org |publisher=The American Association of Immunologists, Inc. |access-date=December 6, 2020}}</ref> |
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Zinsser was elected to the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]] in 1923,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-09 |title=Hans Zinsser |url=https://www.amacad.org/person/hans-zinsser |access-date=2023-05-22 |website=American Academy of Arts & Sciences |language=en}}</ref> the United States [[National Academy of Sciences]] in 1924,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hans Zinsser |url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/deceased-members/20001489.html |access-date=2023-05-22 |website=www.nasonline.org}}</ref> and the [[American Philosophical Society]] in 1937.<ref>{{Cite web |title=APS Member History |url=https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Hans+Zinsser&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced |access-date=2023-05-22 |website=search.amphilsoc.org}}</ref> |
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[[File:Hans Zinsser Gravesite.JPG|thumb|The gravesite of Hans Zinsser]] |
[[File:Hans Zinsser Gravesite.JPG|thumb|The gravesite of Hans Zinsser]] |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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{{Commons category|Hans Zinsser}} |
{{Commons category|Hans Zinsser}} |
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* [http://www.faqs.org/health/bios/89/Hans-Zinsser.html Biography of Hans Zinsser] |
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* [http://books.nap.edu/html/biomems/hzinsser.pdf National Academy of Sciences: Biographical Memoirs for Hans Zinsser] |
* [http://books.nap.edu/html/biomems/hzinsser.pdf National Academy of Sciences: Biographical Memoirs for Hans Zinsser] |
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* [http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HMS.Count:med00069 Hans Zinsser Papers] at The Center for the History of Medicine at the Countway Library, Harvard Medical School. |
* [http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HMS.Count:med00069 Hans Zinsser Papers] at The Center for the History of Medicine at the Countway Library, Harvard Medical School. |
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[[Category:1878 births]] |
[[Category:1878 births]] |
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[[Category:1940 deaths]] |
[[Category:1940 deaths]] |
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[[Category:Columbia Medical School faculty]] |
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[[Category:Stanford University faculty]] |
[[Category:Stanford University faculty]] |
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[[Category:Harvard Medical School faculty]] |
[[Category:Harvard Medical School faculty]] |
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[[Category:National Book Award winners]] |
[[Category:National Book Award winners]] |
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[[Category:Recipients of the Order of St. Sava]] |
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of St. Sava]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Recipients of the Legion of Honour]] |
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[[Category:Burials at Sleepy Hollow Cemetery]] |
[[Category:Burials at Sleepy Hollow Cemetery]] |
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[[Category:American people of German descent]] |
[[Category:American people of German descent]] |
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[[Category:Deaths from |
[[Category:Deaths from leukemia in New York (state)]] |
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[[Category:Deaths from leukemia]] |
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[[Category:American military personnel of World War I]] |
[[Category:American military personnel of World War I]] |
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[[Category:United States Army Medical Corps officers]] |
[[Category:United States Army Medical Corps officers]] |
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[[Category:Vaccinologists]] |
[[Category:Vaccinologists]] |
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[[Category:Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons alumni]] |
[[Category:Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons alumni]] |
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[[Category:Columbia College (New York) alumni]] |
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[[Category:Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences]] |
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[[Category:Members of the American Philosophical Society]] |
Hans Zinsser
| |
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Born | November 17, 1878
New York City
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Died | September 4, 1940 (age 61)
New York City
|
Nationality | American |
Education | Timothy Dwight School |
Alma mater | Columbia University (BS &MD) |
Known for | Typhus |
Scientific career | |
Fields | Physician, bacteriologist, and epidemiologist |
Institutions | Columbia University Stanford University Harvard Medical School |
Doctoral advisor | Philip Hanson Hiss |
Doctoral students | William Hammon Rebecca Lancefield |
Hans Zinsser (November 17, 1878 – September 4, 1940) was an American physician, bacteriologist, and prolific author.[1] The author of over 200 books and medical articles, he was also a published poet. Some of his verses were published in The Atlantic Monthly.[2] His 1940 publication, As I Remember Him: the Biography of R.S., won one of the early National Book Awards, the sixth and last annual award for Nonfiction voted by members of the American Booksellers Association.[3][4]
He is remembered especially for his 1935 book, Rats, Lice and History.
The son of German immigrants, Zinsser was born in New York City in 1878. He attended Timothy Dwight School on the Upper West Side of Manhattan. He received his undergraduate degree from Columbia University in 1899 and completed both a master's degree and a doctorate in medicine there in 1903.[5]
In 1905, he married Ruby Handforth Kunz, eldest daughter of the mineralogist, George Frederick Kunz, and they had two children, Hans Handforth and Gretel Zinsser, and they all lived in Boston.
After holding a series of academic medicine positions, Zinsser became an associate professor at Stanford University in 1910. In 1913, he moved to a position at his alma mater. At Columbia, he was the doctoral advisor of Rebecca Lancefield, although he did not permit her to physically work in his laboratory due to her gender.[6] Ten years later, Zinsser was hired by Harvard Medical School, where he stayed — except for service in the US Army Medical CorpsinWorld War I — until his death.
Zinsser taught as an exchange professor and worked with the American Red Cross in France, Russia, Serbia and China, and was noted for his work in typhus and immunology. He became a lieutenant colonel in the US Army and served overseas during World War I. He was awarded the Distinguished Service Medal, the citation for which read as follows "For exceptionally meritorious and distinguished services-- while acting as Sanitation Inspector of the Second Army he organized, perfected and administered with extraordinary and exceptional success a plan of military sanitation and epidemic-disease control." Zinsser also received another military citation for taking exceptional risks to minister to wounded soldiers while under direct enemy fire. He was also awarded the Order of St. Sava of Serbia and the Legion of Honour in France.[2]
Zinsser's scientific work focused on bacteriology and immunology and he is most associated with typhus, especially the form called Brill–Zinsser disease, his namesake. He isolated the typhus bacterium and developed a protective vaccine. He wrote several books about biology and bacteria, notably Rats, Lice and History (1935), a "biography" of typhus fever.[7] Zinsser had a strong influence on the work of Albert Coons (1912–1978), who developed the technique of immunohistochemistry. Zinsser was a mentor to, and colleague of, John Franklin Enders,[8] who was awarded the 1954 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (together with Frederick Chapman Robbins and Thomas Huckle Weller).[9]
Zinsser was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1923,[10] the United States National Academy of Sciences in 1924,[11] and the American Philosophical Society in 1937.[12]
Zinsser succumbed to acute leukemia in 1940. He is interred in Sleepy Hollow CemeteryinSleepy Hollow, New York.
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