Heritage Rose District of New York City: Difference between revisions

The '''Heritage Rose District of New York City''' is the first and only rose [[district]] in the country. It is the result of the efforts of the Office of the [[Manhattan Borough President]] and the Heritage Rose Foundation, a [[non-profit organization]] dedicated to the preservation of old [[rose]]s.<ref name="mbpo.org">http://www.mbpo.org/free_details.asp?ID=190</ref>

The Heritage Rose District includes the western portion of Northern Manhattan between West 122nd and West 163rd streets, with [[Broadway (New York City)|Broadway]] and [[Trinity Church Cemetery#Trinity Church Cemetery and Mausoleum|Trinity Church Cemetery]] at its center. There are also additional plantings on the grounds of Trinity Cemetery and at several nearby locations. The Heritage Rose District, with an initial collection of over a hundred roses, was established in Fall 2009.<ref name="mbpo.org"/> <ref>[http://www.mbpo.org/free_details.asp?id=185 History of the Heritage Rose District in New York City] </ref>

== The Heritage Rose Foundation ==

The Heritage Rose Foundation was established in 1986 and is devoted to the preservation of old roses. It is a nonprofit organization committed to the preservation of heritage roses and promotion of their culture; as well as to establish [[garden]]s where these roses may be grown and appreciated by the public; to promote public knowledge and appreciation of heritage roses and their preservation.<ref>http://www.heritagerosefoundation.org/goalsnew.htm</ref>

The Foundation has an official list of goals.<ref>[http://www.mbpo.org/free_details.asp?id=189 Goals of the Heritage Rose Foundation]</ref>

==Heritage Rose District Walking Tour==

In early 2011, a [http://www.mbpo.org/mobile.asp?id=33 mobile walking tour] was created for the Heritage Rose District. The template for the mobile site was created by Jacob Graff, a high school student from [[Dallas, Texas]]. Jacob is currently developing an [[iPhone]] application for the mobile tour that will soon be available to download. The tour takes visitors through the history each of the District’s sites.

[[File:Heritage Rose District - Walking Tour - 2012.jpg|thumb|Heritage Rose District - Walking Tour - 2012]]

==About the Roses==

The majority of roses selected for the Heritage Rose District are known to be grown in [[New York City]] before the twentieth century. Some were created in the city, while others were imported from around the world. All celebrate the neighborhoods of West Harlem and Washington Heights and the history of New York City.<ref name="ReferenceB">http://www.mbpo.org/free_details.asp?id=188</ref>

===Roses in the District===

Descriptions taken from the Manhattan Borough President's Office website and provided by the Heritage Rose Foundation. Single quotes with a name denote a known name. Double quotes denote a “study” name, meaning the rose is in [[commerce]] but its origins have been lost.<ref name="ReferenceB"/>

{| class="wikitable"

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! !! Roses

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| [[File:‘Apothecary’s Rose’ and ‘Rosa Mundi’.jpg|thumb|‘Apothecary’s Rose’ and ‘Rosa Mundi’]]|| *'''‘[[Apothecary's Rose]]’ and ‘[[Rosa Mundi]]’'''

Both of these ancient varieties are [[gallica rose]]s dating back to medieval times. ‘Rosa Mundi’ is a striped sport, or mutation, of the red ‘Apothecary’s Rose’. These spring-blooming shrubs were included the 1811 inventory of the Elgin Botanic Garden. Dr. [[David Hosack]], the curator of this long-gone garden, is buried in Trinity Church Cemetery.

{{details|Rosa gallica}}

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| || *'''‘Audubon’'''

Christened in 2004, this red rose celebrates the famed naturalist who is interred at Trinity Church Cemetery and Mausoleum. Five-petalled fragrant roses cover this four-foot shrub all summer long. This rose is planted at Mr. Audubon’s grave on the eastern portion of the Cemetery at Broadway and W. 155th.

{{details|John James Audubon}}

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| [[File:‘Baltimore Belle’.jpg|thumb|‘Baltimore Belle’]] || *'''‘Baltimore Belle’'''

Named for the daughter of a reformed drunkard, this climbing rose created by Samuel Feast was introduced to NYC from [[Baltimore]] in 1843. After his death, Feast’s nursery became part of the Baltimore estate known as “Harlem.” The light pink roses bloom in June.

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| || *'''‘[[Celsiana]]’'''

Of Dutch origin pre-18th century, this popular rose was undoubtedly in early Dutch gardens in [[New Amsterdam]]. A tall-growing shrub, ‘Celsiana’ produces pink flowers in June.

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| [[File:Centifolia.jpg|thumb| ‘Centifolia’]] || *'''‘Centifolia’'''

Also known as [[cabbage rose]]s, centifolias were grown in Manhattan’s Dutch gardens as early as 1650. One interesting citing of this rose was by Fredika Bremer, author of The Homes of the New World (1853). Ms. Bremer observed female inmates in [[the Tombs]] tending a bed of these shrubby pink roses.

{{details|Rosa centifolia}}

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| [[File:‘Cramoisi Supérieur’.jpg|thumb|‘Cramoisi Supérieur’]] || *'''‘Cramoisi Supérieur’'''

The cherry-red roses of this small plant were sold at the Harlem-based nursery of Floy and Sons in 1835, two years after it was first produced in [[Paris]]. One of the many popular continuous-blooming French roses found in gardens of New Yorkers, it was also noted in the 1842 garden of D. Monck. Monck grew roses for the [[cut flower]]/[[florist]] trade. Monck had one entire [[greenhouse]] devoted to ‘Cramoisi Supérieur,’ where he grew them in pots.

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| [[File:‘Duchess of Portland’.jpg|thumb| ‘Duchess of Portland’]]|| *'''‘Duchess of Portland (rose)|Duchess of Portland’'''

A red rose with strong fragrance, ‘Duchess of Portland’ was grown in 18th century Manhattan in [[kitchen garden]]s. During the 19th century, ‘Duchess of Portland’ was used to create a new class of roses known as Portland roses. Swiss-born horticulturist Daniel Boll sold many Portland roses at his nursery located at 52nd street and Bloomingdale Road.

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| || *'''‘Fellemberg’'''

The nursery of Noe & Boll (located near present day [[Times Square]]) listed this rose in their 1837 inventory. It’s appropriate that Daniel Boll, a Swiss born gardener, would sell this rose. It’s suspected that this rose is of Swiss origin, as well. A short growing climbing rose. ‘Fellemberg’ (also spelled ‘Fellenberg’) produces cherry-red roses throughout the summer and autumn.

{{details|List of rose cultivars named after people}}

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| [[File:‘Graham Thomas’s Single Musk’.jpg|thumb|‘Graham Thomas’s Single Musk’]]|| *'''‘Graham Thomas's Single Musk’'''

This tall growing, extremely fragrant white rose was discovered in 20th century [[England]] by [[Graham Stuart Thomas]]. It’s thought to be [[Rosa moschata]] (the Musk Rose), an ancient species rose that was considered by many to be extinct. Native to northern Africa, the musk rose was brought to New Amsterdam by Dutch settlers in 1672.

{{details|Rosa moschata}}

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| [[File:GreenmountRed.JPG|thumb| ‘Green Mount Red’]]|| *'''‘‘Green Mount Red’’'''

Only two plants of this small–flowered red rose are known to exist today. The oldest grows in Baltimore’s [[Green Mount Cemetery]], the other is newly planted on the grave of Mr. George F. Harison in Trinity Church Cemetery. Harison’s plant was grown from cuttings taken from the Baltimore cemetery. It’s possible that this rose may be the long lost 1854 variety ‘Beauty of Greenmount’[sic], a red shrub rose created by James Pentland while he was the head gardener of Green Mount cemetery. Pentland’s rose was included in the inventory of 19th century New York nurseries.

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|[[File:GreenRose.JPG|thumb| ‘Green Rose’]] || *'''‘Green Rose’'''

Green color, no fragrance, and small blooms - this rose was a popular [[conversation piece]] among the elite gardeners of NYC when it was first sold during the 1830s. Of unknown origins, this three-foot shrub was rumored to be a sub-rosa symbol for the [[Underground Railroad]]. [[Peter Henderson (nurseryman)|Peter Henderson]], nurseryman from [[Jersey City]], described in best in 1894: “...of no beauty whatsoever, only sought for as a curiosity.”

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| || *'''‘Harison’s Yellow’'''

Deep yellow, fragrant blossoms adorn this tall growing shrub rose. Thought by some to be the “Yellow Rose of Texas,” this beauty created a sensation when first introduced in NYC around 1830 by George Folliott Harison, who created this rose in his Manhattan garden. ‘Harison’s Yellow’ is planted near Mr. Harison’s grave in Trinity Church Cemetery.

{{details|Rosa 'Harison's Yellow'}}

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| [[File:'Hermosa'.jpg|thumb|'Hermosa']]|| *'''‘Hermosa’'''

A pale pink rose popular among gardeners and florists of 19th century New York. In 1842 ‘Hermosa’ rose was grown in the greenhouses of D. Monck, a florist on 2nd Avenue near 28th Street. ‘Hermosa’ means “lovely” in Spanish, and is a fitting name for this beauty. In 1879, Jersey City florist Peter Henderson discovered a climbing form of this small shrub and named it ‘[[Setina]]’.

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| || *'''‘Louis Philippe’'''

Sr. [[Lorenzo de Zavala]], a distinguished Mexican statesman, brought this crimson rose, named in honor of [[Louis XVIII of France]], to NYC circa 1835. Eventually moving to [[Texas]], Zavala had a strong disagreement with [[Antonio López de Santa Anna|Santa Anna]] and fought with the Texians [sic] in the [[Battle of San Jacinto]]. It was said that his wife watched the battle from her garden, where this rose was planted. The Zavalas always maintained a home in New York City, where he may have also planted this rose. There are those who call this the “Red Rose of Texas”-- perhaps it also is the “Red Rose of New York?”

{{details|Louis Philippe}}

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| [[File: ‘Madame Boll’.JPG|thumb|‘Madame Boll’]]|| *'''‘Madame Boll’'''

The deep pink, intensely fragrant rose was introduced from [[France]] in 1853 to honor the wife of Daniel Boll of Noe & Boll Florists, New York City. The nursery was located in what is now Times Square. Daniel Boll is buried in Trinity Church Cemetery in a grave that had been forgotten for many years until recently located by members of the Heritage Rose Foundation.

{{details|List of rose cultivars named after people}}

|-

| || *'''‘Madame Hardy’'''

Pure white with a green button eye, this fragrant [[damask rose]] can grow to five feet tall and wide. On June 22, 1837, this green-eyed beauty was offered for sale at Noe & Boll, Florists of Manhattan.

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| || *'''‘‘Maggie’’'''

This fragrant red Bourbon rose of unknown origin has been found in gardens throughout the world. One such discovery was in the garden of Mattie Breedlove, whose garden was in an earthen, swept yard - characteristic of her African culture. Ms. Breedlove allowed cuttings to be taken, thereby returning this beautiful rose to commerce. The Harlem garden of John M. Bradhurst, a Manhattan [[apothecary]], was famous for its collection of Bourbon roses.

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| [[File:“Maitland White”.JPG|thumb|“Maitland White”]]|| *'''‘‘Maitland White’’'''

A fragrant white rose of unknown origin discovered on the island of [[Bermuda]] during the 20th century. It’s a variety of a [[tea rose]], a class of 19th century roses thought to be too delicate for northern climates. However, R. F. Carman (buried in Trinity Church Cemetery) was praised for his superb collection of tea roses. The Carman garden was north of the cemetery.

|-

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| [[File:‘Princess de Nassau’.JPG|thumb|‘Princess de Nassau’]]|| *'''‘Princess de Nassau’'''

Princess de Nassau’ covered arbors and fences in 19th century New York gardens with fragrant creamy-white roses all summer long. Of French origin, this was one of the many “Musk Cluster Roses” sold in Manhattan during the 1840s.

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| [[File:“Puerto Rico”.JPG|thumb|“Puerto Rico”]]|| *'''‘‘Puerto Rico’’'''

Sr. José Marrero-Torrada, a horticulturalist who wrote Las Rosas del Ayer - a fine [[monograph]] on the heritage roses of [[Puerto Rico]], recently discovered this rose on the islands. “Puerto Rico” is upright shrub that produces medium-sized, fragrant creamy-white roses all summer long. Some rose experts suspect that this found rose may be the same as the Bermuda Mystery Rose “Maitland White”.

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| [[File:‘Rose du Roi’.JPG|thumb| ‘Rose du Roi’]]|| *'''‘Rose du Roi’'''

This fragrant reddish-purple rose, named for King Louis XVIII of France, was the most popular florist rose in Manhattan during the 1840s. A good garden plant as well, this medium-sized shrub was especially beautiful in the garden of R. F. Carman in 1841.

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| [[File:‘Russeliana’.JPG|thumb| ‘Russeliana’]]|| *'''‘Russeliana’'''

Sold in New York City as long ago as 1844, this climbing rose was planted near graves and used in mass plantings in the garden style cemeteries of the [[Victorian era]]. A rose of uncertain heritage, this purple red June blooming hybrid has many aliases. One, ‘Old Spanish Rose’, leads some rose experts to believe that this beauty sold in New York City during the 1830s may have been brought to America by explorers from [[Spain]].

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| [[File:Scotch Roses.JPG|thumb| Scotch Roses ]]|| *'''‘Scotch Roses’'''

Scotch roses, native to [[Great Britain]], came to Manhattan with the earliest English settlers. The plants in our collection, unknown pink and white varieties, were recently collected from cellar holes in upstate NY where they’ve existed for centuries without any care. In 1811 these spring-blooming roses were included in the Elgin Botanic Garden (present-day site of [[Rockefeller Center]]).

{{details|Rosa pimpinellifolia}}

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| [[File:“The Shipwreck Rose”.JPG|thumb| “The Shipwreck Rose”]]|| *'''‘‘The Shipwreck Rose’’'''

This pink June-blooming rose is suspected by some to be ‘Celsiana’, but not everyone agrees. Those who live in [[Sag Harbor]] know it as “The Shipwreck Rose.” On its way to Manhattan nurseries, the [[clipper]] Louis Philippe went aground, causing the crew to throw the cargo ([[Champagne (wine)|champagne]], potted trees, precious French roses) onto the sand. This rose was rescued and today thrives in gardens of Sag Harbor.

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| [[File:‘Souvenir de la Malmaison’.JPG|thumb| ‘Souvenir de la Malmaison’]]|| *'''‘Souvenir de la Malmaison’'''

One of the most popular French roses ever introduced, this light pink very fragrant Bourbon dates to 1844. Introduced thirty years after the death of [[Empress Josephine]], this ever-blooming shrub rose was a nostalgic nod to her famous chateau and gardens. This fashionable rose was prominently displayed in gardens of 19th century New York City [[Francophile]]s.

{{details|Rose}}

|}

==Expanding and sustaining the Heritage Rose District==

The Heritage Rose District of NYC welcomes proposals for additional planting sites. Proposed sites should meet the following criteria: plenty of [[sunlight]], protection from the elements, separation from [[walking path]]s, protection from [[road salt]] and other [[de-icing]] agents, and dedicated maintenance by an individual or organization. Sites surrounded by fencing and/or on [[raised bed]]s are particularly well suited.<ref name="ReferenceA">http://www.mbpo.org/free_details.asp?id=185</ref>

==Notes==

[[Category:Roses]]

[[Category: Cultural Tourism]]

[[Category:Harlem, New York]]

[[Category:Washington Heights,Manhattan]]