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*[[Shouting fire in a crowded theater|Shouting ''fire'' in a crowded theater]] |
*[[Shouting fire in a crowded theater|Shouting ''fire'' in a crowded theater]] |
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*[[Threatening the President of the United States]] |
*[[Threatening the President of the United States]] |
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*''[[Abrams v. United States]]'', {{ussc|250|616|1919}} |
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*''[[Brandenburg v. Ohio]]'' {{ussc|395|444|1969}} |
*''[[Brandenburg v. Ohio]]'' {{ussc|395|444|1969}} |
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*''[[Chaplinsky v. New Hampshire]]'', {{ussc|315|568|1942}} |
*''[[Chaplinsky v. New Hampshire]]'', {{ussc|315|568|1942}} |
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*''[[Dennis v. United States]]'' {{ussc|341|494|1951}} |
*''[[Dennis v. United States]]'' {{ussc|341|494|1951}} |
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*''[[Feiner v. New York]]'', {{ussc|340|315|1951}} |
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*''[[Korematsu v. United States]]'' {{ussc|323|214|1944}} |
*''[[Korematsu v. United States]]'' {{ussc|323|214|1944}} |
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*''[[Masses Publishing Co. v. Patten]]'' (1917) |
*''[[Masses Publishing Co. v. Patten]]'' (1917) |
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*''[[Sacher v. United States]]'' {{ussc| 343 |1|1952}} |
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*''[[Schenck v. United States]]'' {{ussc|248|47|1919}} |
*''[[Schenck v. United States]]'' {{ussc|248|47|1919}} |
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*''[[Terminiello v. Chicago]]'', {{ussc|337|1|1949}} |
*''[[Terminiello v. Chicago]]'', {{ussc|337|1|1949}} |
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*''[[Whitney v. California]]'', {{ussc|274|357|1927}} |
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==References== |
==References== |
||
| Hess v. Indiana | |
|---|---|
| |
| Decided November 19, 1973 | |
| Full case name | Gregory Hess v. State of Indiana |
| Docket no. | 73-5290 |
| Citations | 414 U.S. 105 (more) 94 S. Ct. 326; 38 L. Ed. 2d 303; 1973 U.S. LEXIS 177 |
| Case history | |
| Prior | Hess v. State, 260 Ind. 427, 297 N.E.2d 413 (1973) |
| Court membership | |
| |
| Case opinions | |
| Per curiam | |
| Dissent | Rehnquist, joined by Burger, Blackmun |
| Laws applied | |
| U.S. Const. amend. I | |
Hess v. Indiana, 414 U.S. 105 (1973), was a United States Supreme Court case[1] involving the First Amendment that reaffirmed and clarified the imminent lawless action test first articulated in Brandenburg v. Ohio. Hess is still cited by courts to protect speech threatening future lawless action.[2]
The case involved an antiwar protest on the campus of Indiana University Bloomington. Between 100 and 150 protesters were in the streets. The sheriff and his deputies then proceeded to clear the streets of the protestors. As the sheriff was passing Gregory Hess, one of the members of the crowd, Hess uttered, "We'll take the fucking street later" or "We'll take the fucking street again." Hess was convicted in Indiana state court of disorderly conduct.
The Supreme Court reversed Hess's conviction because the statement, at worst, "amounted to nothing more than advocacy of illegal action at some indefinite future time. This is not sufficient to permit the State to punish Hess' speech."[3]
