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{{Short description|Larger moon of Haumea}} |
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{{Infobox planet |
{{Infobox planet |
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| name = Hi{{okina}}iaka |
| name = Hi{{okina}}iaka |
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| image = |
| image = Haumea-moons-hubble.gif |
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| caption = Hi{{okina}}iaka is |
| caption = In this series of photos taken by the [[Hubble Space Telescope]], the brighter object Hi{{okina}}iaka is seen orbiting [[Haumea]] (center). |
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| discoverer = [[Michael E. Brown]], <br> [[Chad Trujillo]], <br> [[David Rabinowitz]], et al. |
| discoverer = [[Michael E. Brown]], <br> [[Chad Trujillo]], <br> [[David Rabinowitz]], et al. |
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| discovered = 26 January 2005 |
| discovered = 26 January 2005 |
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| period = {{val|49.12|0.03|u=days}} |
| period = {{val|49.12|0.03|u=days}} |
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| inclination = {{val|126.356|0.064|s=°}} |
| inclination = {{val|126.356|0.064|s=°}} |
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| asc_node = {{val|206.766|0.033|u=°}} |
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| arg_peri = {{val|154.1|5.8|u=°}} |
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| mean_anomaly = {{val|152.8|6.1|u=°}} |
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| satellite_of = {{dp|Haumea}} |
| satellite_of = {{dp|Haumea}} |
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| mean_radius = {{val|p=~|160|u=km}}<ref name=RagozzineBrown2009/> |
| mean_radius = {{val|p=~|160|u=km}}<ref name=RagozzineBrown2009/> |
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}} |
}} |
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'''Hi{{okina}}iaka''' is the larger, outer moon of the |
'''Hi{{okina}}iaka''' is the larger, outer moon of the trans-Neptunian [[dwarf planet]] [[Haumea]]. It is named after one of the daughters of [[Haumea (mythology)|Haumea]], [[Hi{{okina}}iaka]], the patron goddess of the [[Big Island of Hawaii]]. It orbits once every {{val|49.12|0.03|u=days}} at a distance of {{val|49880|198|ul=km}}, with an eccentricity of {{val|0.0513|0.0078}} and an inclination of {{val|126.356|0.064|s=°}}. Assuming its estimated diameter of over 300 km is accurate, it may be the fourth- or fifth-largest known moon of a Trans-Neptunian object, after [[Pluto I Charon]], [[Eris I Dysnomia]], [[Orcus I Vanth]], and possibly [[Varda I Ilmarë]] and [[Salacia I Actaea]]. |
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==Discovery== |
==Discovery== |
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=== Size and brightness === |
=== Size and brightness === |
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Its measured brightness is {{val|5.9|0.5|s=%}}, translating into a diameter of about 22% of its primary, or in the range of {{val|320|u=km}}, assuming similar infrared albedo.<ref name=RagozzineBrown2009/> To put this in perspective, if |
Its measured brightness is {{val|5.9|0.5|s=%}}, translating into a diameter of about 22% of its primary, or in the range of {{val|320|u=km}}, assuming similar infrared albedo.<ref name=RagozzineBrown2009/> To put this in perspective, if Hiʻiaka were in the asteroid belt, it would be larger than all but the [[List of notable asteroids#Largest by diameter|four]] largest asteroids, after [[1 Ceres]], [[2 Pallas]], [[4 Vesta]], and [[10 Hygiea]]. In spite of its relatively large size, however, lightcurve studies suggest that Hiʻiaka is not a gravitationally collapsed spheroid; they further suggest that Hiʻiaka is not tidally locked and has a rotation period of about 9.8 hours.<ref name="Hastings2016"/> |
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=== Mass === |
=== Mass === |
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The mass of Hi{{okina}}iaka is estimated to be {{val|1.79|0.11|e=19|ul=kg}} using precise relative [[astrometry]] from [[Hubble Telescope]] and [[Keck Telescope]] and applying [[3-body problem|3-body]], point-mass model to the Haumean system.<ref name=RagozzineBrown2009/> |
The mass of Hi{{okina}}iaka is estimated to be {{val|1.79|0.11|e=19|ul=kg}} using precise relative [[astrometry]] from the [[Hubble Space Telescope]] and [[Keck Telescope]] and applying [[3-body problem|3-body]], point-mass model to the Haumean system.<ref name=RagozzineBrown2009/> |
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=== Spectrum and composition === |
=== Spectrum and composition === |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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*[[Moons of Haumea]] |
*[[Namaka (moon)|Namaka]], the other [[Moons of Haumea|moon of Haumea]] |
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==Notes== |
==Notes== |
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{{Reflist|30em| refs = |
{{Reflist|30em| refs = |
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<ref name="RagozzineBrown2009"> |
<ref name="RagozzineBrown2009"> |
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{{cite journal| doi = 10.1088/0004-6256/137/6/4766| last1 = Ragozzine| first1 = D.| last2 = Brown| first2 = M. E.| year = 2009| title = Orbits and Masses of the Satellites of the Dwarf Planet Haumea (2003 EL61)| journal = The Astronomical Journal| volume = 137| issue = 6| pages = 4766–4776| arxiv = 0903.4213| bibcode = 2009AJ....137.4766R}} |
{{cite journal| doi = 10.1088/0004-6256/137/6/4766| last1 = Ragozzine| first1 = D.| last2 = Brown| first2 = M. E.| year = 2009| title = Orbits and Masses of the Satellites of the Dwarf Planet Haumea (2003 EL61)| journal = The Astronomical Journal| volume = 137| issue = 6| pages = 4766–4776| arxiv = 0903.4213| bibcode = 2009AJ....137.4766R| s2cid = 15310444}} |
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</ref> |
</ref> |
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<ref name="Dumas2011">{{Cite journal | last1 = Dumas | first1 = C.| last2 = Carry | first2 = B.| last3 = Hestroffer | first3 = D.| last4 = Merlin | first4 = F.| title = High-contrast observations of (136108) Haumea | doi = 10.1051/0004-6361/201015011 | journal = Astronomy & Astrophysics | volume = 528 | pages = A105 | year = 2011 |bibcode = 2011A&A...528A.105D |arxiv = 1101.2102 }}</ref> |
<ref name="Dumas2011">{{Cite journal | last1 = Dumas | first1 = C.| last2 = Carry | first2 = B.| last3 = Hestroffer | first3 = D.| last4 = Merlin | first4 = F.| title = High-contrast observations of (136108) Haumea | doi = 10.1051/0004-6361/201015011 | journal = Astronomy & Astrophysics | volume = 528 | pages = A105 | year = 2011 |bibcode = 2011A&A...528A.105D |arxiv = 1101.2102 | s2cid = 119226136}}</ref> |
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<ref name=johnston> |
<ref name=johnston> |
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| url = http://www.johnstonsarchive.net/astro/astmoons/am-136108.html |
| url = http://www.johnstonsarchive.net/astro/astmoons/am-136108.html |
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| author = Wm. Robert Johnston |
| author = Wm. Robert Johnston |
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| title = (136108) Haumea, |
| title = (136108) Haumea, Hiʻiaka, and Nāmaka |
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| date = 17 September 2008 |
| date = 17 September 2008 |
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| |
| access-date = 2008-09-18 |
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}} |
}} |
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</ref> |
</ref> |
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<ref name="Hastings2016">{{cite journal |
<ref name="Hastings2016">{{cite journal |
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|title = The Short Rotation Period of |
|title = The Short Rotation Period of Hiʻiaka, Haumea's Largest Satellite |
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|last1 = Hastings |first1 = Danielle M. |
|last1 = Hastings |first1 = Danielle M. |
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|last2 = Ragozzine |first2 = Darin |
|last2 = Ragozzine |first2 = Darin |
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|bibcode = 2016AJ....152..195H |
|bibcode = 2016AJ....152..195H |
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|oclc = 6889796157 |
|oclc = 6889796157 |
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|osti = 22662917}}</ref> |
|osti = 22662917|s2cid = 33292771 |doi-access = free }}</ref> |
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}} |
}} |
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{{Solar System moons (compact)}} |
{{Solar System moons (compact)}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Hi'iaka (moon)}} |
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[[Category:Moons of Haumea]] |
[[Category:Moons of Haumea]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Trans-Neptunian satellites]] |
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[[Category:Discoveries by Michael E. Brown]] |
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[[Category:Discoveries by Chad Trujillo]] |
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[[Category:Discoveries by David L. Rabinowitz]] |
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[[Category:Objects observed by stellar occultation]] |
![]()
In this series of photos taken by the Hubble Space Telescope, the brighter object Hiʻiaka is seen orbiting Haumea (center).
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Discovery | |
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Discovered by | Michael E. Brown, Chad Trujillo, David Rabinowitz, et al. |
Discovery date | 26 January 2005 |
Designations | |
Designation | Haumea I |
Pronunciation | /hiːʔiˈɑːkə/ Hawaiian: [ˈhiʔiˈjɐkə] |
(136108) 2003 EL61 I S/2005 (2003 EL61) 1 | |
Orbital characteristics[1] | |
49880±198 km | |
Eccentricity | 0.0513±0.0078 |
49.12±0.03 d | |
152.8°±6.1° | |
Inclination | 126.356±0.064° |
206.766°±0.033° | |
154.1°±5.8° | |
Satellite of | Haumea |
Physical characteristics | |
~160 km[1] | |
Mass | (1.79±0.11)×1019 kg[1] (0.45% of Haumea) |
Mean density | ~1 g/cm3 |
~9.8 h[2] | |
Albedo | 0.8±0.07[3][1] |
Temperature | 32±3 K |
20.3 (3.0 difference from primary's 17.3)[3] | |
Hiʻiaka is the larger, outer moon of the trans-Neptunian dwarf planet Haumea. It is named after one of the daughters of Haumea, Hiʻiaka, the patron goddess of the Big Island of Hawaii. It orbits once every 49.12±0.03 d at a distance of 49880±198 km, with an eccentricity of 0.0513±0.0078 and an inclination of 126.356±0.064°. Assuming its estimated diameter of over 300 km is accurate, it may be the fourth- or fifth-largest known moon of a Trans-Neptunian object, after Pluto I Charon, Eris I Dysnomia, Orcus I Vanth, and possibly Varda I Ilmarë and Salacia I Actaea.
Hiʻiaka was the first satellite discovered around Haumea. It was discovered on 26 January 2005 and nicknamed "Rudolph" by the discovery team before being assigned an official name.
Its measured brightness is 5.9±0.5%, translating into a diameter of about 22% of its primary, or in the range of 320 km, assuming similar infrared albedo.[1] To put this in perspective, if Hiʻiaka were in the asteroid belt, it would be larger than all but the four largest asteroids, after 1 Ceres, 2 Pallas, 4 Vesta, and 10 Hygiea. In spite of its relatively large size, however, lightcurve studies suggest that Hiʻiaka is not a gravitationally collapsed spheroid; they further suggest that Hiʻiaka is not tidally locked and has a rotation period of about 9.8 hours.[2]
The mass of Hiʻiaka is estimated to be (1.79±0.11)×1019 kg using precise relative astrometry from the Hubble Space Telescope and Keck Telescope and applying 3-body, point-mass model to the Haumean system.[1]
The near infrared spectrum of Hiʻiaka is dominated by water-ice absorption bands, which means that its surface is made mainly of water ice. The presence of the band centered at 1.65 μm indicates that the surface water ice is primarily in the crystalline form. Currently it is unclear why water ice on the surface has not turned into amorphous form as would be expected due to its constant irradiation by cosmic rays.[4]
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Moons and rings |
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Collisional family |
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Astronomy |
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Natural satellites of the Solar System
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Planetary satellitesof |
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Dwarf planet satellitesof |
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Minor-planet moons |
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Ranked by size |
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