Histeroidea: Difference between revisions

{{Short description|Superfamily of beetles}}

{{Automatic taxobox

| oldest_fossil = Aptian

| image = Hister unicolor Linné, 1758 (3231196039).jpg

| image_caption = ''Hister unicolor''

| taxon = Histeroidea

| display_parents = 2

| authority = [[Leonard Gyllenhaal|Gyllenhaal]], 1808

| subdivision = *[[Histeridae]]

*[[Sphaeritidae]]

*[[Synteliidae]]

Characteristic to Histeroidea are an accessory posterior ridge (locking device) behind the hind margin and presence of [[Comstock-Needham system|medial]] loop and apical hinge of [[insect wing|wing]]. The [[elytra]] are truncate with1or 2 [[Abdomen|abdominal]] segments visible. The abdominal 8th segmentis completely invaginated in the 7th segment. Each [[Antenna (biology)|antenna]] has 8 (seldom 7) segments preceding a club of fused segments. The ventral body surfaceis glabrous.<ref name="Hansen">Hansen, M. [https://www.royalacademy.dk/Publications/Low/393_Hansen,%20Michael.pdf Phylogeny and classification of the staphyliniform beetle families (Coleoptera)]. Biologiske Skrifter, Copenhagen, 1997</ref>

== Ecology ==

Histeroids in general are [[Predation|predators]]. However, Sphaeritidae is believed to only be predatory in the larval stage, with its adults being [[Scavenger|saprophagous]] instead.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Caterino |first1=Michael S. |last2=Vogler |first2=Alfried P. |date=2002 |title=The phylogeny of the Histeroidea (Coleoptera: Staphyliniformia) |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1096-0031.2002.tb00158.x |journal=Cladistics |language=en |volume=18 |issue=4 |pages=394–415 |doi=10.1111/j.1096-0031.2002.tb00158.x |pmid=34911218 |s2cid=85715816 |issn=0748-3007|doi-access=free }}</ref>

This superfamily occurs in various habitats. The Histeridae alone can be found in dung, carrion, fungi, leaf litter, in [[symbiosis]] with other animals (e.g. [[social insects]]), under tree bark or in galleries of [[Woodboring beetle|wood-boring beetles]].<ref name=":0" />

Some authors treat Histeroidea as a single family within the superfamily [[Hydrophiloidea]] (Hydrophiloidea ''sensu lato''), as they seem to form a [[clade]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Beutel |first1=Rolf G. |last2=Leschen |first2=Richard A. B. |date=October 2005 |title=Phylogenetic analysis of Staphyliniformia (Coleoptera) based on characters of larvae and adults |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2005.00293.x |journal=Systematic Entomology |language=en |volume=30 |issue=4 |pages=510–548 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-3113.2005.00293.x|s2cid=83794876 }}</ref> Three extant families are currently recognized:

*[[Histeridae]] (3900+ species)

*[[Sphaeritidae]] (7 species)

*[[Synteliidae]] (9 species)

Sphaeritidae and Synteiidae each contain just a single genus: ''[[Sphaerites]]'' and ''[[Syntelia]]'', respectively. This makes both families [[Monotypic taxon|monotypic]].

The oldest fossils of the family are ''[[Cretohister]]'' and ''[[Antigracilus]]'' from the Early Cretaceous ([[Aptian]]) [[Yixian Formation]] of China, which are more closely related to Histeridae than the other two families.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Zhou |first1=Yu-Lingzi |last2=Caterino |first2=Michael S. |last3=Ślipiński |first3=Adam |last4=Cai |first4=Chen-Yang |date=October 2018 |title=Cretohisteridae, a new beetle family from the Early Cretaceous of China, and its implications for the early evolution of the basal group of Histeroidea (Coleoptera): Cretohisteridae and early evolution of Histeroidea |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/syen.12300 |journal=Systematic Entomology |language=en |volume=43 |issue=4 |pages=716–728 |doi=10.1111/syen.12300|s2cid=89748522 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Zhou |first1=Yu‐Lingzi |last2=Caterino |first2=Michael S. |last3=Ren |first3=Dong |last4=Ślipiński |first4=Adam |date=October 2020 |title=Phylogeny and evolution of Mesozoic and extant lineages of Histeridae (Coleoptera), with discovery of a new subfamily Antigracilinae from the Lower Cretaceous |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cla.12418 |journal=Cladistics |language=en |volume=36 |issue=5 |pages=521–539 |doi=10.1111/cla.12418 |pmid=34618954 |s2cid=222013793 |issn=0748-3007|doi-access=free }}</ref>

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

{{Commons category}}

{{Wikispecies}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Histeroidea}}

[[Category:Beetle superfamilies]]