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{{Fiqh |theological}} |
{{Fiqh |theological}} |
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'''''Ihram''''' ({{lang-ar|إِحْرَام|iḥrām}}, from the [[Semitic root| |
'''''Ihram''''' ({{lang-ar|إِحْرَام|iḥrām}}, from the [[Semitic root|Semitic root]] root [[Ḥ-R-M]]) is a sacred state which a [[Muslim]] must enter to perform the [[Hajj|Ḥajj]] (major pilgrimate) or ʿ[[Umrah]] (minor pilgrimage) in [[Islam]]. A pilgrim must enter into this state before crossing the pilgrimage boundary known as the [[Miqat]] by performing the cleansing rituals and wearing the prescribed [[Ihram clothing|Ihram clothing]]. |
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== Restrictions == |
== Restrictions == |
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=== Wearing === |
=== Wearing === |
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A man in the state of ''ihram'' must not tie |
A man in the state of ''ihram'' must not tie knots or wear stitched items. Sandals and flip-flops may be stitched, but they should allow the ankle and back of the foot to be exposed (some other schools of thought also agree that the front of the foot must be shown as well). |
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In the state of ihram, men are also not allowed to cover their headsorpartsofthem with a [[songkok]], [[keffiyeh]], [[turban]], ihram cloth, etc.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zgnroAEACAAJ&q=ibadah+haji+umrah+dan+ziarah+lembaga+tabung+haji|title=Ibadat haji umrah dan ziarah|date=2002|publisher=Lembaga Tabung Haji|isbn=978-983-2819-06-6|language=ms}}</ref> |
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In the state of ihram, women and men are |
In the state of ihram, women and men are prohibited from wearing gloves.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zgnroAEACAAJ&q=ibadah+haji+umrah+dan+ziarah+lembaga+tabung+haji|title=Ibadat haji umrah dan ziarah|date=2002|publisher=Lembaga Tabung Haji|isbn=978-983-2819-06-6|language=ms}}</ref> |
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=== Scents === |
=== Scents === |
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While in the state of ''ihram'', a Muslim must not use any scents on the body or the robes. If the robe has been fouled by [[najis|najas]] ({{lang|ar|نَجَس}}, dirty) material or has been wiped, rubbed or touched by scented liquids (intentionally), then a new [[ihram clothing|''iḥrām'' clothing]] must be worn, or the Umrah or Hajj will be invalid. |
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=== Self |
=== Self-grooming === |
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Aside from being as clean (purified) as they are for prayer, male Muslims are expected to |
Aside from being as clean (purified) as they are for prayer, male Muslims are expected to cut their nails, and trim their hair and beards. They must also wear deodorant. They have to wear ''ihram'' clothing, which is a white, seamless garment. Many also shave their head as this is considered hygienic. Most will wait to shave their heads until after they have finished Umrah or Hajj, as this is a requirement to leave the state of ''ihram''. Female Muslims are also expected to be clean. During the pilgrimage, sexual activity, smoking, and swearing are also forbidden.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ihram|url=http://hajjumrahplanner.com/ihram|work=hajjumrahplanner.com|date=22 November 2016 }}</ref> |
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=== Environment === |
=== Environment === |
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[[File:Khalili Collection Hajj and Arts of Pilgrimage arc.mx 0588.jpg|thumb|right|An Ihram belt used during a Hajj for carrying valuables, 19th century]] |
[[File:Khalili Collection Hajj and Arts of Pilgrimage arc.mx 0588.jpg|thumb|right|An Ihram belt used during a Hajj for carrying valuables, 19th century]] |
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It is forbidden for every pilgrim of Hajj and Umrah when in |
It is forbidden for every pilgrim of Hajj and Umrah when in ihram to uproot, cut, break, or grind the branches of living trees in the Haramayn, the Two Sacred Places. These are [[Mecca]] and [[Medina]] (now in [[Saudi Arabia]], and including the [[Masjid al-Haram]], [[Mount Arafat]], [[Muzdalifah]], and [[Mina, Saudi Arabia|Mina]]) and [[al-Aqsa]] (the region on top of the [[Temple Mount]] in [[Jerusalem]]). This is because the trees that thrive in the Haramayn are blessed. |
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It is forbidden for every |
It is forbidden for every personinihram to hunt, shoot, kill, sacrifice, capture, confine, destroy or abuse any animal. This prohibition applies to all land animals, birds, and insects other than marine animals. |
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If a person steps on or kills small animals |
If a person accidentally steps on or kills small animalsorinsects, such as small black ants, grasshoppers, etc., he is not considered guilty, but he must pay a fine according to the value of the insects killed. |
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A person |
A person can kill animals and insects that may harm them or other pilgrims, such as mosquitoes, snakes, scorpions, and spiders. However, driving away the insect or animal first is preferable if possible. |
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=== Sexual activity === |
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Every pilgrim (male and female) of Hajj or Umrah who is in Ihram is prohibited from performing mukaddimah (Beginning/Introduction) to sexual intercourse whether in the form of words, deeds, body gestures or the like. However, it is not imposed on Dam for those who are in Ihram who ejaculate due to seeing women and fantasizing about sex. Husband and wife or [[mahram]] are allowed to hold hands (not on the genital) while in Ihram provided they are in a situation where it is called "Masyaqqah" that is: Needs with No Lust (want to have sex). Husband and wife or mahram are allowed to hug for the purpose of desperate needs (not wanting to have sex) as well as security purposes such as pain etc. while in Ihram provided they need to be in a state where it is called "Masyaqqah" namely: Needs with No Lust (want to have sex) . |
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The act of sexual intercourse is something that is strictly forbidden and is capable of ruining one's Hajj, especially when the congregation is in a state of Ihram before Tahallul Awwal. The state of this prohibition is in a position where: |
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* Deliberately together (willingly) having intercourse (sex) without being forced |
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* Know the law of having sex while performing Ihram is Haram |
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* Already Mumaiyiz (knows how to distinguish between good and bad deeds, that is, starting around the age of 7 or 9 years and above) |
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When it turns out that the husband and wife have done the above act, then it is obligatory for them to continue the rest of the Hajj that has not been performed to be performed as perfectly as possible until it is completed, and then immediately qada replace the Hajj (for the second time) even if it is just the Hajj of Sunnah (generally the Hajj performed for the second time and so on, is the Hajj that is in the category of Sunnah only) unless there is an illness between the two. Only the husband is subject to Dam (Order and Justice). Both (husband and wife) need to ask for forgiveness from Allah SWT as well. However, if there is another sexual intercourse (which is connected with it) after sexual intercourse that spoils the Hajj for the first time, then the husband is subject to Dam (Takhyir and Taqdir). If sexual intercourse occurs after Tahallul Awwal but before Tahallul Thani, the Hajj is not void, but the husband is subject to Dam (Takhyir and Taqdir). Husbands and wives are allowed to have sexual intercourse after (both types of Tahallul Awwal and Tahallul Thani) have been completed properly. However, it is more afdhal (better and encouraged) to postpone the act until all the pillars and activities of Hajj are completed. |
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All acts of marrying, marrying or accepting a marriage representative are strictly prohibited when the congregation is in a state of Ihram. In fact, pre-marital and post-marital activities such as merisik, betrothal and marriage are illegal. Marriage contract is also considered Haram. However, the people involved are not subject to Dam. Do not make baby or gay |
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== When flying == |
== When flying == |
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[[File:Ihram room sign in Aman 2.jpg|thumb|A sign |
[[File:Ihram room sign in Aman 2.jpg|thumb|A sign listing flights and the location of an ihram room in [[Queen Alia International Airport]], [[Amman]], Jordan]] |
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When flying on pilgrimage, appropriate measures are usually taken to assure that the pilgrim will be in the state of |
When flying on pilgrimage, appropriate measures are usually taken to assure that the pilgrim will be in the state of ihram when flying above or alongside the stations of the Miqat].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://islamicstudies.islammessage.com/ResearchPaper.aspx?aid=552|title=The point of Ihram for air travelers|last=al-Ghazali|first=Salih|website=The message of Islam|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160811191813/http://islamicstudies.islammessage.com/ResearchPaper.aspx?aid=552|archive-date=2016-08-11|url-status=dead}}</ref> For this reason some airports in Muslim areas have dedicated ''ihram'' rooms where pilgrims can change into the necessary clothing. If flying with an airline originating from a Muslim-majority country, airline staff will announce passengers should enter ihram. |
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== See also == |
== See also == |
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* [[Eid al-Adha]] |
* [[Eid al-Adha]] |
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* [[Miqat Dhu al-Hulayfah]] |
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* [[Masjid-u-Shajarah|Masjid ash-Shajara]] |
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* [[Mut'ah of Hajj]] |
* [[Mut'ah of Hajj]] |
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== References == |
== References == |
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{{reflist}}<ref>{{Cite web|author-link=Zain Luqman Miah|title=Knowledge Corner|url=https://thepilgrim.co/knowledge/ |
{{reflist}}<ref>{{Cite web|author-link=Zain Luqman Miah|title=Knowledge Corner|url=https://thepilgrim.co/knowledge/|access-date=2021-10-24|website=Pilgrim Knowledge|language=en-US}}</ref> |
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== External links == |
== External links == |
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Ihram (Arabic: إِحْرَام, romanized: iḥrām, from the Semitic root root Ḥ-R-M) is a sacred state which a Muslim must enter to perform the Ḥajj (major pilgrimate) or ʿUmrah (minor pilgrimage) in Islam. A pilgrim must enter into this state before crossing the pilgrimage boundary known as the Miqat by performing the cleansing rituals and wearing the prescribed Ihram clothing.
A man in the state of ihram must not tie knots or wear stitched items. Sandals and flip-flops may be stitched, but they should allow the ankle and back of the foot to be exposed (some other schools of thought also agree that the front of the foot must be shown as well).
In the state of ihram, men are also not allowed to cover their heads or parts of them with a songkok, keffiyeh, turban, ihram cloth, etc.[1]
In the state of ihram, women and men are prohibited from wearing gloves.[1]
While in the state of ihram, a Muslim must not use any scents on the body or the robes. If the robe has been fouled by najas (نَجَس, dirty) material or has been wiped, rubbed or touched by scented liquids (intentionally), then a new iḥrām clothing must be worn, or the Umrah or Hajj will be invalid.
Aside from being as clean (purified) as they are for prayer, male Muslims are expected to cut their nails, and trim their hair and beards. They must also wear deodorant. They have to wear ihram clothing, which is a white, seamless garment. Many also shave their head as this is considered hygienic. Most will wait to shave their heads until after they have finished Umrah or Hajj, as this is a requirement to leave the state of ihram. Female Muslims are also expected to be clean. During the pilgrimage, sexual activity, smoking, and swearing are also forbidden.[2]
It is forbidden for every pilgrim of Hajj and Umrah when in ihram to uproot, cut, break, or grind the branches of living trees in the Haramayn, the Two Sacred Places. These are Mecca and Medina (now in Saudi Arabia, and including the Masjid al-Haram, Mount Arafat, Muzdalifah, and Mina) and al-Aqsa (the region on top of the Temple MountinJerusalem). This is because the trees that thrive in the Haramayn are blessed.
It is forbidden for every person in ihram to hunt, shoot, kill, sacrifice, capture, confine, destroy or abuse any animal. This prohibition applies to all land animals, birds, and insects other than marine animals.
If a person accidentally steps on or kills small animals or insects, such as small black ants, grasshoppers, etc., he is not considered guilty, but he must pay a fine according to the value of the insects killed.
A person can kill animals and insects that may harm them or other pilgrims, such as mosquitoes, snakes, scorpions, and spiders. However, driving away the insect or animal first is preferable if possible.
When flying on pilgrimage, appropriate measures are usually taken to assure that the pilgrim will be in the state of ihram when flying above or alongside the stations of the Miqat].[3] For this reason some airports in Muslim areas have dedicated ihram rooms where pilgrims can change into the necessary clothing. If flying with an airline originating from a Muslim-majority country, airline staff will announce passengers should enter ihram.
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Every year, from the eighth to the twelfth day of Dhu al-Hijjah. | ||
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