m Robot: fix linkstodisambiguation page Cynic
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Line 8: | Line 8: | ||
== A == |
== A == |
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''[[A Defence of Common Sense]]'' |
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– ''[[A Defence of Common Sense]]'' |
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– [[A priori and a posteriori]] |
– [[A priori and a posteriori]] |
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– [[A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge]] |
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– [[Abductive reasoning]] |
– [[Abductive reasoning]] |
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– [[Academic skepticism]] |
– [[Academic skepticism]] |
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– [[Acatalepsy]] |
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– [[Ad hoc hypothesis]] |
– [[Ad hoc hypothesis]] |
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– [[Adaptive representation]] |
– [[Adaptive representation]] |
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Line 17: | Line 20: | ||
– [[Aenesidemus]] |
– [[Aenesidemus]] |
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– [[Aenesidemus (book)|''Aenesidemus'' (book)]] |
– [[Aenesidemus (book)|''Aenesidemus'' (book)]] |
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– [[African Spir]] |
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– [[Agnosticism]] |
– [[Agnosticism]] |
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– [[Agrippa the Skeptic]] |
– [[Agrippa the Skeptic]] |
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Line 23: | Line 27: | ||
– [[Alison Wylie]] |
– [[Alison Wylie]] |
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– [[Alvin Goldman]] |
– [[Alvin Goldman]] |
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– [[An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding]] |
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– [[Analytic-synthetic distinction]] |
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– [[An Essay Concerning Human Understanding]] |
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– [[Analytic–synthetic distinction]] |
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– [[Anamnesis (philosophy)]] |
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– [[Androcentrism]] |
– [[Androcentrism]] |
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– [[Android epistemology]] |
– [[Android epistemology]] |
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Line 33: | Line 40: | ||
– [[Argument from illusion]] |
– [[Argument from illusion]] |
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– [[Aristotle's theory of universals]] |
– [[Aristotle's theory of universals]] |
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– [[Arnór Hannibalsson]] |
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– [[Ásta Kristjana Sveinsdóttir]] |
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– [[Atli Harðarson]] |
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– [[Atomism]] |
– [[Atomism]] |
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– [[Autoepistemic logic]] |
– [[Autoepistemic logic]] |
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– [[Ayn Rand]] |
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== B == |
== B == |
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– [[Barry Stroud]] |
– [[Barry Stroud]] |
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– [[Basic belief]] |
– [[Basic belief]] |
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– [[Basic limiting principle]] |
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– [[Belief]] |
– [[Belief]] |
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– [[Bertrand Russell]] |
– [[Bertrand Russell]] |
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– [[Bertrand Russell's views on philosophy]] |
– [[Bertrand Russell's views on philosophy]] |
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– [[Björn Kraus]] |
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– [[Black swan theory]] |
– [[Black swan theory]] |
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– [[Blind men and an elephant]] |
– [[Blind men and an elephant]] |
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Line 49: | Line 63: | ||
== C == |
== C == |
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– [[C. D. Broad]] |
– [[C. D. Broad]] |
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– [[Carper's fundamental ways of knowing]] |
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– [[Cartesian doubt]] |
– [[Cartesian doubt]] |
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– [[Cartesian Other]] |
– [[Cartesian Other]] |
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– [[Cartesian Self]] |
– [[Cartesian Self]] |
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– [[Cartesian skepticism]] |
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– [[Catherine Elgin]] |
– [[Catherine Elgin]] |
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– [[Causal chain]] |
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– [[Causal Theory of Knowing]] |
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– [[Causality]] |
– [[Causality]] |
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– [[Center Leo Apostel for Interdisciplinary Studies]] |
– [[Center Leo Apostel for Interdisciplinary Studies]] |
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– [[Centre de Recherche en |
– [[Centre de Recherche en Epistémologie Appliquée]] |
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– [[Certainty]] |
– [[Certainty]] |
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– [[Claudio Canaparo]] |
– [[Claudio Canaparo]] |
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– [[Closure (philosophy)]] |
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– [[Cogito ergo sum]] |
– [[Cogito ergo sum]] |
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– [[Cognitive closure (philosophy)]] |
– [[Cognitive closure (philosophy)]] |
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Line 86: | Line 104: | ||
== D == |
== D == |
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– [[Daimonic]] |
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– [[Daniel M. Hausman]] |
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– [[David Hume]] |
– [[David Hume]] |
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– [[Deductive closure]] |
– [[Deductive closure]] |
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Line 94: | Line 113: | ||
– [[Descriptive knowledge]] |
– [[Descriptive knowledge]] |
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– [[Dharmarāja Adhvarin]] |
– [[Dharmarāja Adhvarin]] |
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– [[Dialetheism]] |
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– [[Dianoia]] |
– [[Dianoia]] |
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– [[Direct realism]] |
– [[Direct and indirect realism]] |
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– [[Direct and indirect realism]] |
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– [[Direct experience]] |
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– [[Discourse on the Method]] |
– [[Discourse on the Method]] |
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– [[Disjunctivism]] |
– [[Disjunctivism]] |
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– [[Dispositional and occurrent belief]] |
– [[Dispositional and occurrent belief]] |
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– [[Divine command theory]]– [[Daimonic]] |
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– [[Dogma]] |
– [[Dogma]] |
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– [[Doubt]] |
– [[Doubt]] |
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Line 107: | Line 130: | ||
== E == |
== E == |
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– [[Eastern epistemology]] |
– [[Eastern epistemology]] |
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– [[Ecology of contexts]] |
– [[Ecology of contexts]] |
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– [[Edgar Morin]] |
– [[Edgar Morin]] |
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– [[Editology]] |
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– [[Edmund Gettier]] |
– [[Edmund Gettier]] |
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– [[Educology]] |
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– [[Egocentric predicament]] |
– [[Egocentric predicament]] |
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– [[Elephant test]] |
– [[Elephant test]] |
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Line 118: | Line 144: | ||
– [[Empirical research]] |
– [[Empirical research]] |
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– [[Empiricism]] |
– [[Empiricism]] |
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– [[Endoxa]] |
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– [[Enneads]] |
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– [[Epilogism]] |
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– [[Episteme]] |
– [[Episteme]] |
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– [[Epistemic commitment]] |
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– [[Epistemic community]] |
– [[Epistemic community]] |
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– [[Epistemic conservatism]] |
– [[Epistemic conservatism]] |
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– [[Epistemic |
– [[Epistemic feedback]] |
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– [[Epistemic minimalism]] |
– [[Epistemic minimalism]] |
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– [[Epistemic possibility]] |
– [[Epistemic possibility]] |
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Line 127: | Line 157: | ||
– [[Epistemic theory of miracles]] |
– [[Epistemic theory of miracles]] |
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– [[Epistemic virtue]] |
– [[Epistemic virtue]] |
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– [[Epistemicism]] |
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– [[Epistemocracy]] |
– [[Epistemocracy]] |
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– [[Epistemological anarchism]] |
– [[Epistemological anarchism]] |
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Line 140: | Line 171: | ||
– [[Eristic]] |
– [[Eristic]] |
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– [[Ernst von Glasersfeld]] |
– [[Ernst von Glasersfeld]] |
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– [[Eureka effect]] |
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– [[Everett W. Hall]] |
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– [[Evidence]] |
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– [[Evidentialism]] |
– [[Evidentialism]] |
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– [[Evil demon]] |
– [[Evil demon]] |
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Line 147: | Line 181: | ||
– [[Existential phenomenology]] |
– [[Existential phenomenology]] |
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– [[Exoteric]] |
– [[Exoteric]] |
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– [[Expectation (epistemic)]] |
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– [[Experience]] |
– [[Experience]] |
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– [[Experiential knowledge]] |
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– [[Experientialism]] |
– [[Experientialism]] |
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– ''[[Extended Mind]]'' |
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– [[Externism]] |
– [[Externism]] |
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– [[Eyewitness testimony]] |
– [[Eyewitness testimony]] |
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== F == |
== F == |
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– [[Fa (concept)]] |
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– [[Fact]] |
– [[Fact]] |
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– [[Fact-value distinction]] |
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– [[Factual relativism]] |
– [[Factual relativism]] |
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– [[Fact–value distinction]] |
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– [[Faith and rationality]] |
– [[Faith and rationality]] |
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– [[Fallibilism]] |
– [[Fallibilism]] |
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Line 166: | Line 203: | ||
– [[Fooled by Randomness]] |
– [[Fooled by Randomness]] |
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– [[Formal epistemology]] |
– [[Formal epistemology]] |
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– [[Formative epistemology]] |
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– [[Foundationalism]] |
– [[Foundationalism]] |
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– [[Foundherentism]] |
– [[Foundherentism]] |
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– [[Fragmentalism]] |
– [[Fragmentalism]] |
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– [[Frame problem]] |
– [[Frame problem]] |
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– [[Frank |
– [[Frank Cameron Jackson]] |
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– [[Fred Dretske]] |
– [[Fred Dretske]] |
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– [[Frederick Wilhelmsen]] |
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– [[Freethought]] |
– [[Freethought]] |
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– [[Functional contextualism]] |
– [[Functional contextualism]] |
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== G == |
== G == |
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– [[G. E. Moore]] |
– [[G. E. Moore]] |
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– [[Gaston Bachelard]] |
– [[Gaston Bachelard]] |
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Line 186: | Line 226: | ||
– [[Gila Sher]] |
– [[Gila Sher]] |
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– [[Gilbert Harman]] |
– [[Gilbert Harman]] |
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– [[Gilbert Ryle]] |
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– [[Giulio Giorello]] |
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– [[Gnosiology]] |
– [[Gnosiology]] |
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– [[Gödel's incompleteness theorems]] |
– [[Gödel's incompleteness theorems]] |
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– [[Günther Maluschke]] |
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== H == |
== H == |
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– [[Harry Binswanger]] |
– [[Harry Binswanger]] |
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– [[Heinz von Foerster]] |
– [[Heinz von Foerster]] |
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– [[Helmut Wautischer]] |
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– [[Here is a hand]] |
– [[Here is a hand]] |
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– [[Hierarchical epistemology]] |
– [[Hierarchical epistemology]] |
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Line 200: | Line 243: | ||
== I == |
== I == |
||
– [[I know it when I see it]] |
– [[I know it when I see it]] |
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– [[I know that I know nothing]] |
– [[I know that I know nothing]] |
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Line 206: | Line 250: | ||
– [[Ignoramus et ignorabimus]] |
– [[Ignoramus et ignorabimus]] |
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– [[Ignorance]] |
– [[Ignorance]] |
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– [[Illuminationism]] |
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– [[Immanuel Kant]] |
– [[Immanuel Kant]] |
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– [[Incorrigibility]] |
– [[Incorrigibility]] |
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Line 211: | Line 256: | ||
– [[Inductive reasoning]] |
– [[Inductive reasoning]] |
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– [[Inductivism]] |
– [[Inductivism]] |
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– [[Infallibilism]] |
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– [[Infallibility]] |
– [[Infallibility]] |
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– [[Inference]] |
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– [[Infinitism]] |
– [[Infinitism]] |
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– [[Information source]] |
– [[Information source]] |
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Line 223: | Line 270: | ||
– [[Introspection]] |
– [[Introspection]] |
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– [[Intuition (Bergson)]] |
– [[Intuition (Bergson)]] |
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– [[Intuition (knowledge)]] |
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– [[Intuition (philosophy)]] |
– [[Intuition (philosophy)]] |
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– [[Intuition (psychology)]] |
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– [[Intuitionism]] |
– [[Intuitionism]] |
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– [[Irrealism (philosophy)]] |
– [[Irrealism (philosophy)]] |
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– [[Is logic empirical?]] |
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– [[Islamization of knowledge]] |
– [[Islamization of knowledge]] |
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== J == |
== J == |
||
– [[Jean Piaget]] |
– [[Jean Piaget]] |
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– [[Jean-Louis Le Moigne]] |
– [[Jean-Louis Le Moigne]] |
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– [[Jean-Michel Berthelot]] |
– [[Jean-Michel Berthelot]] |
||
– [[John Greco (philosopher)]] |
– [[John Greco (philosopher)]] |
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– [[John Hick]] |
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– [[John Locke]] |
– [[John Locke]] |
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– [[John Searle]] |
– [[John Searle]] |
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– [[Jonathan Dancy]] |
– [[Jonathan Dancy]] |
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– [[Jonathan Kvanvig]] |
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– [[Justified true belief]] |
– [[Justified true belief]] |
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== K == |
== K == |
||
– [[Karla Jessen Williamson]] |
– [[Karla Jessen Williamson]] |
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– [[Katalepsis]] |
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– [[Keith Lehrer]] |
– [[Keith Lehrer]] |
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– [[KK thesis]] |
– [[KK thesis]] |
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– [[Knowing and the Known]] |
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– [[Knowledge]] |
– [[Knowledge]] |
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– ''[[Knowledge and Its Limits]]'' |
– ''[[Knowledge and Its Limits]]'' |
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– [[Knowledge by acquaintance]] |
– [[Knowledge by acquaintance]] |
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– [[Knowledge by description]] |
– [[Knowledge by description]] |
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– [[Knowledge organization]] |
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– [[Knowledge relativity]] |
– [[Knowledge relativity]] |
||
== L == |
== L == |
||
– [[Laplace's demon]] |
– [[Laplace's demon]] |
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– [[Larry Laudan]] |
– [[Larry Laudan]] |
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– [[Larry Sanger]] |
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– [[Latitudinarianism (philosophy)]] |
– [[Latitudinarianism (philosophy)]] |
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– [[Laurence BonJour]] |
– [[Laurence BonJour]] |
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– [[Law (principle)]] |
– [[Law (principle)]] |
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– [[Leap of faith]] |
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– [[Leonard Peikoff]] |
– [[Leonard Peikoff]] |
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– [[Levels of adequacy]] |
– [[Levels of adequacy]] |
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Line 263: | Line 321: | ||
== M == |
== M == |
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– [[Maieutics]] |
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– [[Map–territory relation]] |
– [[Map–territory relation]] |
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– [[Margaret Elizabeth Egan]] |
– [[Margaret Elizabeth Egan]] |
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– [[Mathematical proof]] |
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– [[Meditations on First Philosophy]] |
– [[Meditations on First Philosophy]] |
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– [[Memory]] |
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– [[Meno]] |
– [[Meno]] |
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– [[Meno's slave]] |
– [[Meno's slave]] |
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Line 273: | Line 335: | ||
– [[Metaphysical naturalism]] |
– [[Metaphysical naturalism]] |
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– [[Metatheory]] |
– [[Metatheory]] |
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– [[Methodic doubt]] |
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– [[Methodical culturalism]] |
– [[Methodical culturalism]] |
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– [[Methodism (philosophy)]] |
– [[Methodism (philosophy)]] |
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Line 281: | Line 342: | ||
– [[Mioara Mugur-Schächter]] |
– [[Mioara Mugur-Schächter]] |
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– [[Misotheism]] |
– [[Misotheism]] |
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– [[Molyneux's |
– [[Molyneux's problem]] |
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– [[Moore's paradox]] |
– [[Moore's paradox]] |
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– [[Moral rationalism]] |
– [[Moral rationalism]] |
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Line 288: | Line 349: | ||
== N == |
== N == |
||
– [[Naïve empiricism]] |
– [[Naïve empiricism]] |
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– [[Naïve realism]] |
– [[Naïve realism]] |
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Line 293: | Line 355: | ||
– [[Naturalism (philosophy)]] |
– [[Naturalism (philosophy)]] |
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– [[Naturalized epistemology]] |
– [[Naturalized epistemology]] |
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– [[Nayef Al-Rodhan]] |
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– [[Neopragmatism]] |
– [[Neopragmatism]] |
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– [[Neutrality (philosophy)]] |
– [[Neutrality (philosophy)]] |
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Line 298: | Line 361: | ||
– [[Nicholas Rescher]] |
– [[Nicholas Rescher]] |
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– [[Niklas Luhmann]] |
– [[Niklas Luhmann]] |
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– [[Noetic theory]] |
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– [[Nomothetic]] |
– [[Nomothetic]] |
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– [[Nomothetic and idiographic]] |
– [[Nomothetic and idiographic]] |
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Line 306: | Line 368: | ||
== O == |
== O == |
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– [[Object (philosophy)]] |
– [[Object (philosophy)]] |
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– [[Objectivism (Ayn Rand)]] |
– [[Objectivism (Ayn Rand)]] |
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Line 314: | Line 377: | ||
– [[Opinion]] |
– [[Opinion]] |
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– [[Outline of epistemology]] |
– [[Outline of epistemology]] |
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– [[Overbelief]] |
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== P == |
== P == |
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– [[P. F. Strawson]] |
– [[P. F. Strawson]] |
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– [[Pancritical rationalism]] |
– [[Pancritical rationalism]] |
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– [[Panrationalism]] |
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– [[Paradigm]] |
– [[Paradigm]] |
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– [[Paradigm shift]] |
– [[Paradigm shift]] |
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– [[Participatory theory]] |
– [[Participatory theory]] |
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– [[Paul Churchland]] |
– [[Paul Churchland]] |
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– [[Percept]] |
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– [[Perception]] |
– [[Perception]] |
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– [[Perceptual learning]] |
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– [[Peripatetic axiom]] |
– [[Peripatetic axiom]] |
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– [[Perspectivism]] |
– [[Perspectivism]] |
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Line 341: | Line 407: | ||
– [[Philosophy of color]] |
– [[Philosophy of color]] |
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– [[Philosophy of perception]] |
– [[Philosophy of perception]] |
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– [[Philosophy of probability]] |
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– [[Philosophy of science]] |
– [[Philosophy of science]] |
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– [[Plato's Problem]] |
– [[Plato's Problem]] |
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– [[Platonic epistemology]] |
– [[Platonic epistemology]] |
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– [[Pluralism (philosophy)]] |
– [[Pluralism (philosophy)]] |
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– [[ |
– [[Pluralist theories of truth]] |
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– [[Positivism]] |
– [[Positivism]] |
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– [[Postfoundationalism]] |
– [[Postfoundationalism]] |
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Line 353: | Line 418: | ||
– [[Postulatism]] |
– [[Postulatism]] |
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– [[Pragmatic theory of truth]] |
– [[Pragmatic theory of truth]] |
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– [[ |
– [[Pramāṇa]] |
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– [[Pramāṇa]] |
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– [[Praxeology]] |
– [[Praxeology]] |
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– [[Predictive power]] |
– [[Predictive power]] |
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– [[Preface paradox]] |
– [[Preface paradox]] |
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– [[Preformation theory]] |
– [[Preformation theory]] |
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– [[Presentationism]] |
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– [[Presupposition (philosophy)]] |
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– [[Primary/secondary quality distinction]] |
– [[Primary/secondary quality distinction]] |
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– [[Principle of charity]] |
– [[Principle of charity]] |
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– [[Principle of identity]] |
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– [[Private language argument]] |
– [[Private language argument]] |
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– [[Privileged access]] |
– [[Privileged access]] |
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Line 369: | Line 436: | ||
– [[Problem of the criterion]] |
– [[Problem of the criterion]] |
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– [[Problem of universals]] |
– [[Problem of universals]] |
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– [[Proof (truth)]] |
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– [[Propensity probability]] |
– [[Propensity probability]] |
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– [[Propositional attitude]] |
– [[Propositional attitude]] |
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Line 375: | Line 443: | ||
– [[Pyrrho]] |
– [[Pyrrho]] |
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– [[Pyrrhonism]] |
– [[Pyrrhonism]] |
||
== R == |
== R == |
||
– [[Ramification problem]] |
– [[Ramification problem]] |
||
– [[Rational egoism]] |
– [[Rational egoism]] |
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Line 388: | Line 462: | ||
– [[Reformed epistemology]] |
– [[Reformed epistemology]] |
||
– [[Regress argument]] |
– [[Regress argument]] |
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– [[Relevant alternatives theory]] |
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– [[Reliabilism]] |
– [[Reliabilism]] |
||
– [[ |
– [[Religious epistemology]] |
||
– [[Robert Audi]] |
– [[Robert Audi]] |
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– [[Robert Nozick]] |
– [[Robert Nozick]] |
||
– [[Roderick Chisholm]] |
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– [[Role of chance in scientific discoveries]] |
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== S == |
== S == |
||
– [[Sally Haslanger]] |
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– [[Salvino Azzopardi]] |
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– [[Satya]] |
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– [[Scepticism and Animal Faith]] |
– [[Scepticism and Animal Faith]] |
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– [[Scottish |
– [[Scottish Common Sense Realism]] |
||
– [[Self-evidence]] |
– [[Self-evidence]] |
||
– [[Semantic externalism]] |
– [[Semantic externalism]] |
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Line 404: | Line 485: | ||
– [[Simulated reality]] |
– [[Simulated reality]] |
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– [[Simulation hypothesis]] |
– [[Simulation hypothesis]] |
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– [[Simulism]] |
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– [[Skeptical hypothesis]] |
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– [[Skepticism]] |
– [[Skepticism]] |
||
– [[Sleeping Beauty problem]] |
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– [[Social constructionism]] |
– [[Social constructionism]] |
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– [[Social epistemology]] |
– [[Social epistemology]] |
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– [[Social Epistemology (journal)]] |
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– [[Sociology of knowledge]] |
– [[Sociology of knowledge]] |
||
– [[Socrates]] |
– [[Socrates]] |
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– [[Solipsism]] |
– [[Solipsism]] |
||
– [[Sophist (dialogue)]] |
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– [[Speculative reason]] |
– [[Speculative reason]] |
||
– [[Steve Fuller (sociologist)]] |
– [[Steve Fuller (sociologist)]] |
||
– [[Subjectivism]] |
– [[Subjectivism]] |
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– [[Subject–object problem]] |
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– [[Swamping problem]] |
– [[Swamping problem]] |
||
– [[Swampman]] |
– [[Swampman]] |
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Line 420: | Line 503: | ||
== T == |
== T == |
||
– [[Tabula rasa]] |
– [[Tabula rasa]] |
||
– [[Tarski's undefinability theorem]] |
– [[Tarski's undefinability theorem]] |
||
– [[Techne]] |
|||
– [[Telesis]] |
|||
– [[Testimony]] |
|||
– [[The Black Swan (Taleb book)]] |
– [[The Black Swan (Taleb book)]] |
||
– [[The Course in Positive Philosophy]] |
|||
– [[The Extended Mind]] |
|||
– ''[[The Extended Mind]]'' |
|||
– [[The Postmodern Condition]] |
– [[The Postmodern Condition]] |
||
– [[The Republic (Plato)]] |
– ''[[The Republic (Plato)]]'' |
||
– [[The Roots of Reference]] |
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– [[The Will to Believe]] |
– [[The Will to Believe]] |
||
– [[The World as Will and Representation]] |
|||
– [[Theaetetus (dialogue)]] |
– [[Theaetetus (dialogue)]] |
||
– [[Theomachist]] |
|||
– [[Theory of Forms]] |
– [[Theory of Forms]] |
||
– [[Theory of justification]] |
– [[Theory of justification]] |
||
– [[There are known knowns]] |
|||
– [[Thick Black Theory]] |
– [[Thick Black Theory]] |
||
– [[Thought experiment]] |
|||
– [[Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (6.5)]] |
– [[Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (6.5)]] |
||
– [[Transcendent truth]] |
|||
– [[Transcendental idealism]] |
– [[Transcendental idealism]] |
||
– [[Transcendental philosophy]] |
|||
– [[Transcendental realism]] |
– [[Transcendental realism]] |
||
– [[Transparency (philosophy)]] |
– [[Transparency (philosophy)]] |
||
– [[Trenton Merricks]] |
– [[Trenton Merricks]] |
||
– [[Truth]] |
– [[Truth]] |
||
– [[Truth by consensus]] |
|||
– [[Truth predicate]] |
|||
– [[Truth-value link]] |
– [[Truth-value link]] |
||
– [[Twin Earth thought experiment]] |
– [[Twin Earth thought experiment]] |
||
– ''[[Two Dogmas of Empiricism]]'' |
– ''[[Two Dogmas of Empiricism]]'' |
||
– [[Two truths doctrine]] |
|||
== U == |
== U == |
||
– [[Unbelieving]] |
|||
– [[Uncertainty]] |
|||
– [[Underdetermination]] |
– [[Underdetermination]] |
||
– [[Understanding]] |
|||
– [[Universal pragmatics]] |
– [[Universal pragmatics]] |
||
– [[Unknown |
– [[Unknown known]] |
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– [[Unobservable]] |
– [[Unobservable]] |
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– [[Upamāṇa]] |
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== V == |
== V == |
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– [[Vagueness]] |
– [[Vagueness]] |
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– [[Vasily Seseman]] |
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– [[Verification theory]] |
– [[Verification theory]] |
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– [[Verificationism]] |
– [[Verificationism]] |
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– [[Verisimilitude]] |
– [[Verisimilitude]] |
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– [[Veritism]] |
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– [[Vienna Circle]] |
– [[Vienna Circle]] |
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– [[Virtue epistemology]] |
– [[Virtue epistemology]] |
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– [[Visual space]] |
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– [[Voluntarism (metaphysics)]] |
– [[Voluntarism (metaphysics)]] |
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== W == |
== W == |
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– [[Walter Terence Stace]] |
– [[Walter Terence Stace]] |
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– [[Ward Jones]] |
– [[Ward Jones]] |
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– [[What Engineers Know and How They Know It]] |
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– [[Wilfrid Sellars]] |
– [[Wilfrid Sellars]] |
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– [[William Alston]] |
– [[William Alston]] |
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== X == |
== X == |
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– [[Xenophanes]] |
– [[Xenophanes]] |
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== Y == |
== Y == |
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– [[Yujian Zheng]] |
– [[Yujian Zheng]] |
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== Z == |
== Z == |
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– [[Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance]] |
– [[Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance]] |
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Epistemology (from Greek ἐπιστήμη – episteme-, "knowledge, science" + λόγος, "logos") or theory of knowledge is the branch of philosophy concerned with the nature and scope (limitations) of knowledge.[1] It addresses the questions "What is knowledge?", "How is knowledge acquired?", "What do people know?", "How do we know what we know?", and "Why do we know what we know?". Much of the debate in this field has focused on analyzing the nature of knowledge and how it relates to similar notions such as truth, belief, and justification. It also deals with the means of production of knowledge, as well as skepticism about different knowledge claims.
Articles related to epistemology include:
– A Defence of Common Sense – A priori and a posteriori – A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge – Abductive reasoning – Academic skepticism – Acatalepsy – Ad hoc hypothesis – Adaptive representation – Adolph Stöhr – Aenesidemus – Aenesidemus (book) – African Spir – Agnosticism – Agrippa the Skeptic – Alethiology – Alief (belief) – Alison Wylie – Alvin Goldman – An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding – An Essay Concerning Human Understanding – Analytic–synthetic distinction – Anamnesis (philosophy) – Androcentrism – Android epistemology – Anthony Wilden – Anti-foundationalism – Anti-realism – Apperception – Arda Denkel – Argument from illusion – Aristotle's theory of universals – Arnór Hannibalsson – Ásta Kristjana Sveinsdóttir – Atli Harðarson – Atomism – Autoepistemic logic – Ayn Rand
– Barry Stroud – Basic belief – Basic limiting principle – Belief – Bertrand Russell – Bertrand Russell's views on philosophy – Björn Kraus – Black swan theory – Blind men and an elephant – Body of Knowledge – Brain in a vat – Brute fact
– C. D. Broad – Carper's fundamental ways of knowing – Cartesian doubt – Cartesian Other – Cartesian Self – Catherine Elgin – Causal chain – Causal Theory of Knowing – Causality – Center Leo Apostel for Interdisciplinary Studies – Centre de Recherche en Epistémologie Appliquée – Certainty – Claudio Canaparo – Closure (philosophy) – Cogito ergo sum – Cognitive closure (philosophy) – Cognitive synonymy – Coherence theory of truth – Coherentism – Common sense – Compensationism – Composition of Causes – Computational epistemology – Concluding Unscientific Postscript to Philosophical Fragments – Condition of possibility – Consensus theory of truth – Constructivism (mathematics) – Constructivist epistemology – Contextualism – Contrastivism – Correspondence theory of truth – Counterintuitive – Crispin Wright – Criteria of truth – Critical rationalism – Critical realism – Critical thinking – Cynicism
– Daniel M. Hausman – David Hume – Deductive closure – Defeasible reasoning – Defeater – Deflationary theory of truth – Descriptive knowledge – Dharmarāja Adhvarin – Dialetheism – Dianoia – Direct and indirect realism – Direct and indirect realism – Direct experience – Discourse on the Method – Disjunctivism – Dispositional and occurrent belief – Divine command theory– Daimonic – Dogma – Doubt – Doxa – Doxastic attitudes – Dream argument – Duck test
– Eastern epistemology – Ecology of contexts – Edgar Morin – Editology – Edmund Gettier – Educology – Egocentric predicament – Elephant test – Emergence – Empirical method – Empirical relationship – Empirical research – Empiricism – Endoxa – Enneads – Epilogism – Episteme – Epistemic commitment – Epistemic community – Epistemic conservatism – Epistemic feedback – Epistemic minimalism – Epistemic possibility – Epistemic theories of truth – Epistemic theory of miracles – Epistemic virtue – Epistemicism – Epistemocracy – Epistemological anarchism – Epistemological idealism – Epistemological particularism – Epistemological pluralism – Epistemological psychology – Epistemological realism – Epistemological rupture – Epistemological solipsism – Epistemology – Epoché – Eristic – Ernst von Glasersfeld – Eureka effect – Everett W. Hall – Evidence – Evidentialism – Evil demon – Evolutionary argument against naturalism – Evolutionary epistemology – Exclusion principle (philosophy) – Existential phenomenology – Exoteric – Expectation (epistemic) – Experience – Experiential knowledge – Experientialism – Externism – Eyewitness testimony
– Fa (concept) – Fact – Factual relativism – Fact–value distinction – Faith and rationality – Fallibilism – Falsifiability – Feminist epistemology – Fideism – Finitism – Fitch's paradox of knowability – Fooled by Randomness – Formal epistemology – Formative epistemology – Foundationalism – Foundherentism – Fragmentalism – Frame problem – Frank Cameron Jackson – Fred Dretske – Frederick Wilhelmsen – Freethought – Functional contextualism
– G. E. Moore – Gaston Bachelard – Generativity – Genetic epistemology – George Berkeley – George Pappas – Gettier problem – Giambattista Vico – Gila Sher – Gilbert Harman – Gilbert Ryle – Giulio Giorello – Gnosiology – Gödel's incompleteness theorems
– Harry Binswanger – Heinz von Foerster – Helmut Wautischer – Here is a hand – Hierarchical epistemology – Hilary Kornblith – Humanism – Hume's fork
– I know it when I see it – I know that I know nothing – Ideological criticism – Ideology – Ignoramus et ignorabimus – Ignorance – Illuminationism – Immanuel Kant – Incorrigibility – Indeterminacy (philosophy) – Inductive reasoning – Inductivism – Infallibilism – Infallibility – Inference – Infinitism – Information source – Innatism – Insight – Intellectual responsibility – Internalism and externalism – Intersubjective verifiability – Intersubjectivity – Introduction to Objectivist Epistemology – Introspection – Intuition (Bergson) – Intuition (philosophy) – Intuition (psychology) – Intuitionism – Irrealism (philosophy) – Is logic empirical? – Islamization of knowledge
– Jean Piaget – Jean-Louis Le Moigne – Jean-Michel Berthelot – John Greco (philosopher) – John Hick – John Locke – John Searle – Jonathan Dancy – Jonathan Kvanvig – Justified true belief
– Karla Jessen Williamson – Katalepsis – Keith Lehrer – KK thesis – Knowing and the Known – Knowledge – Knowledge and Its Limits – Knowledge by acquaintance – Knowledge by description – Knowledge organization – Knowledge relativity
– Laplace's demon – Larry Laudan – Larry Sanger – Latitudinarianism (philosophy) – Laurence BonJour – Law (principle) – Leap of faith – Leonard Peikoff – Levels of adequacy – List of epistemologists – Logical holism – Logical positivism – Lottery paradox
– Maieutics – Map–territory relation – Margaret Elizabeth Egan – Mathematical proof – Meditations on First Philosophy – Memory – Meno – Meno's slave – Meta – Meta-epistemology – Metaphor in philosophy – Metaphysical naturalism – Metatheory – Methodical culturalism – Methodism (philosophy) – Methodological solipsism – Michel de Montaigne – Mind extension – Mioara Mugur-Schächter – Misotheism – Molyneux's problem – Moore's paradox – Moral rationalism – Multiperspectivalism – Mundane reason
– Naïve empiricism – Naïve realism – Nassim Nicholas Taleb – Naturalism (philosophy) – Naturalized epistemology – Nayef Al-Rodhan – Neopragmatism – Neutrality (philosophy) – New realism (philosophy) – Nicholas Rescher – Niklas Luhmann – Nomothetic – Nomothetic and idiographic – Noogony – Norman Malcolm – Noumenon
– Object (philosophy) – Objectivism (Ayn Rand) – Objectivity (philosophy) – Observation – Ontologism – Omphalos hypothesis – Opinion – Outline of epistemology – Overbelief
– P. F. Strawson – Pancritical rationalism – Panrationalism – Paradigm – Paradigm shift – Participatory theory – Paul Churchland – Perception – Perceptual learning – Peripatetic axiom – Perspectivism – Pessimism – Peter Millican – Peter Unger – Phenomenal conservatism – Phenomenalism – Phillip H. Wiebe – Philosophic burden of proof – Philosophical Fragments – Philosophical Investigations – Philosophical problems of testimony – Philosophical skepticism – Philosophical theology – Philosophical zombie – Philosophy of color – Philosophy of perception – Philosophy of science – Plato's Problem – Platonic epistemology – Pluralism (philosophy) – Pluralist theories of truth – Positivism – Postfoundationalism – Postmodern philosophy – Postpositivism – Postulatism – Pragmatic theory of truth – Pramāṇa – Pramāṇa – Praxeology – Predictive power – Preface paradox – Preformation theory – Presentationism – Presupposition (philosophy) – Primary/secondary quality distinction – Principle of charity – Private language argument – Privileged access – Probabilism – Probability interpretations – Problem of induction – Problem of other minds – Problem of the criterion – Problem of universals – Proof (truth) – Propensity probability – Propositional attitude – Pseudointellectual – Psychological nominalism – Pyrrho – Pyrrhonism
– Ramification problem – Rational egoism – Rational fideism – Rational ignorance – Rationalism – Rationality – Reason – Reasonism – Redundancy theory of truth – Reformed epistemology – Regress argument – Relevant alternatives theory – Reliabilism – Religious epistemology – Robert Audi – Robert Nozick – Roderick Chisholm – Role of chance in scientific discoveries
– Sally Haslanger – Salvino Azzopardi – Satya – Scepticism and Animal Faith – Scottish Common Sense Realism – Self-evidence – Semantic externalism – Semantic theory of truth – Sensualism – Sextus Empiricus – Sherrilyn Roush – Simulated reality – Simulation hypothesis – Skepticism – Sleeping Beauty problem – Social constructionism – Social epistemology – Social Epistemology (journal) – Sociology of knowledge – Socrates – Solipsism – Sophist (dialogue) – Speculative reason – Steve Fuller (sociologist) – Subjectivism – Subject–object problem – Swamping problem – Swampman – Systemography
– Tabula rasa – Tarski's undefinability theorem – Techne – Telesis – Testimony – The Black Swan (Taleb book) – The Course in Positive Philosophy – The Extended Mind – The Extended Mind – The Postmodern Condition – The Republic (Plato) – The Roots of Reference – The Will to Believe – The World as Will and Representation – Theaetetus (dialogue) – Theomachist – Theory of Forms – Theory of justification – There are known knowns – Thick Black Theory – Thought experiment – Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (6.5) – Transcendent truth – Transcendental idealism – Transcendental philosophy – Transcendental realism – Transparency (philosophy) – Trenton Merricks – Truth – Truth by consensus – Truth predicate – Truth-value link – Twin Earth thought experiment – Two Dogmas of Empiricism – Two truths doctrine
– Uncertainty – Underdetermination – Understanding – Universal pragmatics – Unknown known – Unobservable – Upamāṇa
– Vagueness – Vasily Seseman – Verification theory – Verificationism – Verisimilitude – Veritism – Vienna Circle – Virtue epistemology – Visual space – Voluntarism (metaphysics)
– Walter Terence Stace – Ward Jones – What Engineers Know and How They Know It – Wilfrid Sellars – William Alston – William Crathorn – Word and Object – World Hypotheses – World view
– Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance