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{{Short description| |
{{Short description|Predecessor to the World Health Organization}} |
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{{Infobox Former International Organization |
{{Infobox Former International Organization |
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| native_name = Office |
| native_name = Office International d'Hygiène Publique |
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| symbol_type = Emblem used by the OIHP, depicting [[Hygieia]] |
| symbol_type = Emblem used by the OIHP, depicting [[Hygieia]] |
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| image_symbol = Hygieia (logo of the Office International d'Hygiene Publique).svg |
| image_symbol = Hygieia (logo of the Office International d'Hygiene Publique).svg |
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| symbol_width = 175px |
| symbol_width = 175px |
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| status = |
| status = Former international organization |
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| event_start = Arrangement of Rome |
| event_start = Arrangement of Rome |
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| year_start = 1907 |
| year_start = 1907 |
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| s1 = World Health Organization |
| s1 = World Health Organization |
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| flag_s1 = Flag of WHO.svg |
| flag_s1 = Flag of WHO.svg |
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| capital = |
| capital = |
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| common_name = OIHP |
| common_name = OIHP |
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| official_languages = French |
| official_languages = French |
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| admin_center = 195 boulevard Saint-Germain, [[Paris]] |
| admin_center = 195 boulevard Saint-Germain, [[Paris]] |
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| recognized_languages = French |
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| coordinates = {{coord|48.8548078|2.3252548|type:city_region:FR|format=dms|display=it}} |
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}} |
}} |
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The '''International Office of Public Hygiene''' (OIPH), also known by its [[French language|French]] name as the '''Office International d'Hygiène Publique''' (OIHP), was an [[international organization]] founded 9 December 1907 and based in [[Paris]], [[France]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Markel |first=H. |date=2014 |title=Worldly approaches to global health: 1851 to the present |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0033350613002655 |journal=Public Health |language=en |volume=128 |issue=2 |pages=124–128 |doi=10.1016/j.puhe.2013.08.004|pmid=24412079 }}</ref> It merged into the [[World Health Organization]] after [[World War II]].<ref>{{Citation |last=Beigbeder |first=Yves |title=Chapitre I. Les origines historiques de l'OMS |date=2015-12-14 |url=http://books.openedition.org/iheid/3966 |work=L’Organisation mondiale de la santé |pages=1–7 |series=International |place=Genève |publisher=Graduate Institute Publications |isbn=978-2-940549-29-0 |access-date=2022-09-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Johnson |first=Steven |authorlink=Steven Johnson (author) |title=Extra Life |publisher=[[Riverhead Books]] |year=2021 |isbn=978-0-525-53885-1 |edition=1st |pages=57–58 |language=en}}</ref> |
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The '''''Office international d'hygiène publique''''' ('''OIHP''') ({{lang-en|International Office of Public Hygiene}}) was an [[international organization]] founded 9 December 1907 and based in [[Paris]], [[France]]. It was created to oversee international rules regarding the [[quarantining]] of ships and ports to prevent the spread of [[Plague (disease)|plague]] and [[cholera]], and to administer other public health conventions.<ref>{{cite book|last=Iriye|first=Akira|title=Global Community: The Role of International Organizations in the Making of the Contemporary World|publisher=University of California Press|location=Berkeley|date=2002|isbn=0520231279}}</ref> |
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== History == |
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⚫ |
OIHP was part of the complex structure known as the ''Health Organization'' (Organisation d'Hygiène) of the [[League of Nations]],<ref>{{Cite journal|date=1924|title=The International Health Organization Of The League Of Nations|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20436330|journal=The British Medical Journal|volume=1|issue=3302|pages=672–675|issn=0007-1447}}</ref> in an often-competing, and sometimes collaborative relation with the League of Nations' Health Committee.<ref name=":0">{{ |
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It was created to oversee international rules regarding the [[quarantining]] of ships and ports to prevent the spread of [[Plague (disease)|plague]] and [[cholera]], and to administer other public health conventions,<ref name=":2">{{cite book|last=Iriye|first=Akira|title=Global Community: The Role of International Organizations in the Making of the Contemporary World|publisher=University of California Press|location=Berkeley|date=2002|isbn=0520231279}}</ref> leading to engage on other epidemics, and the collection of broader [[Epidemiology|epidemiological data]] on various diseases, as well as issues such as the control of medicinal [[opium]], [[Cannabis (drug)|cannabis]], and [[Drug policy|other drugs]],<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Riboulet-Zemouli |first1=Kenzi |last2=Ghehiouèche |first2=Farid |last3=Krawitz |first3=Michael A. |author-link3=Michael Krawitz |year=2022 |title=Cannabis amnesia – Indian hemp parley at the Office International d'Hygiène Publique in 1935 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/360540702 |access-date=2022-09-06 |website=authorea.com |type=Preprint |doi=10.22541/au.165237542.24089054/v1|doi-broken-date=31 January 2024 }}</ref> the traumas created by [[World War I]], etc.<ref name=":2" /> |
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⚫ | The OIHP was part of the complex structure known as the '''Health Organization''' ({{lang|fr|Organisation d'Hygiène}}) of the [[League of Nations]],<ref>{{Cite journal|date=1924|title=The International Health Organization Of The League Of Nations|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20436330|journal=The British Medical Journal|volume=1|issue=3302|pages=672–675|jstor=20436330 |issn=0007-1447}}</ref> in an often-competing, and sometimes collaborative relation with the [[Health Organization of the League of Nations|League of Nations' Health Committee]].<ref name=":0">{{cite book|last=Howard-Jones|first=Norman|url=https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/39249|title=International public health between the two world wars : the organizational problems|publisher=[[World Health Organization]]|year=1979|isbn=9241560584|location=Geneva|hdl=10665/39249 }}</ref> |
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⚫ |
As of 1933, OIHP was composed of the following contracting parties:<ref name=":1">{{ |
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* [[File:Flag_of_France_(1794–1815,_1830–1958).svg|22x22px]] [[:fr:Afrique-Équatoriale_française|Afrique-Équatoriale française]], 1929 |
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The OIHP was dissolved by protocols signed 22 July 1946<ref>{{Cite web|title=Protocol concerning the Office international d'hygiène publique; New York, 22 July 1946|url=https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IX-2&chapter=9&clang=_en|access-date=2021-10-17|website=treaties.un.org|series=United Nations Treaty Collection|language=EN}}</ref> and its [[epidemiological]] service was incorporated into the Interim Commission of the [[World Health Organization]] on 1 January 1947. However, the OIHP remained in existence legally until 1952. |
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* [[File:Flag_of_France_(1794–1815,_1830–1958).svg|22x22px]] [[:fr:Afrique-Occidentale_française|Afrique-Occidentale française]], 1920 |
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⚫ | |||
[[File:League of Nations Organization.png|thumb|400px|Organisational chart of [[international organizations]] as of 1930<ref>{{Cite journal| issue = 2| last = Grandjean| first = Martin| title = Complex structures and international organizations| trans-title = Analisi e visualizzazioni delle reti in storia. L'esempio della cooperazione intellettuale della Società delle Nazioni| journal = Memoria e Ricerca| date = 2017| pages = 371–393| url = https://www.rivisteweb.it/doi/10.14647/87204| doi = 10.14647/87204| access-date = 31 October 2017| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171107020256/https://www.rivisteweb.it/doi/10.14647/87204| archive-date = 7 November 2017| url-status=live| df = dmy-all}}</ref>]] |
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== Organisation == |
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The OIHP was managed by a "Permanent Committee" chaired successively by [[Rocco Santoliquido]] (1908-1919), [[Oscar Velghe]] (1919-1932), [[George Seaton Buchanan|George S. Buchanan]] (1932-1936).<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite journal |date=1934-02-01 |title=Sir George Buchanan, C.B |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=133 |issue=3355 |pages=242 |doi=10.1038/133242a0 |bibcode=1934Natur.133Q.242. |s2cid=4071333 |issn=1476-4687|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sir George Seaton Buchanan {{!}} RCP Museum |url=https://history.rcplondon.ac.uk/inspiring-physicians/sir-george-seaton-buchanan |access-date=2022-01-24 |website=history.rcplondon.ac.uk}}</ref> Important personalities were taking part in the work of the OIHP such as [[Camille Barrère]]. |
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⚫ | As of 1933, the OIHP was composed of the following contracting parties:<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Office international d'Hygiène publique |url=https://www.who.int/library/collections/publique_hygiene_1909_1933.pdf |title=Vingt-cinq ans d'activité de l'Office international d'Hygiène publique (1909-1933) |date=1933 |publisher=Office international d'hygiène publique |location=Paris |language=French |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126084145/https://www.who.int/library/collections/publique_hygiene_1909_1933.pdf |archive-date=2022-01-26 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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* {{flag|Argentina}}, 1910 |
* {{flag|Argentina}}, 1910 |
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* {{flag|Australia}}, 1909 |
* {{flag|Australia}}, 1909 |
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⚫ | * [[File:Flag of Congo Free State.svg|22x22px]] [[Belgian Congo]], 1927 |
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* {{flag|Belgium}}, 1907 |
* {{flag|Belgium}}, 1907 |
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* {{flag|Bolivia}}, 1912 |
* {{flag|Bolivia}}, 1912 |
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* {{flag| |
* {{flag|Brazil}}, 1907 |
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* {{flag|UK}} [[British Empire|British dominions]], 1927 |
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* {{flag|Bulgaria}}, 1909 |
* {{flag|Bulgaria}}, 1909 |
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* {{flag|Canada}}, 1910 |
* {{flag|Canada}}, 1910 |
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* {{flag|Chile}}, 1912 |
* {{flag|Chile}}, 1912 |
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* {{flag|Royaume-Uni}} [[:fr:Empire_britannique#Colonisation_des_Cara%C3%AFbes|Autres colonies britanniques]], 1927 |
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* [[File: |
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* {{flag|Denmark}}, 1913 |
* {{flag|Denmark}}, 1913 |
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* {{flag|Egypt}}, 1907 |
* {{flag|Egypt}}, 1907 |
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* {{flag|France}}, 1907 |
* {{flag|France}}, 1907 |
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* [[File: |
* [[File:Flag of France (1794–1815, 1830–1958).svg|22x22px]] [[French Algeria]], 1910 |
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* [[File:Flag of France (1794–1815, 1830–1958).svg|22x22px]] [[French Equatorial Africa]], 1929 |
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* [[File:Flag of France (1794–1815, 1830–1958).svg|22x22px]] [[French Indochina]], 1914 |
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* [[File:Flag of France (1794–1815, 1830–1958).svg|22x22px]] [[French West Africa]], 1920 |
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* {{flag|Greece}}, 1913 |
* {{flag|Greece}}, 1913 |
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* [[File: |
* [[File:Flag of Hejaz 1917.svg|22x22px]] [[Kingdom of Hejaz]], 1932 |
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* [[File:Flag_of_France_(1794–1815,_1830–1958)|svg22x22px]] [[:fr:Indochine_française|Indochine française]], 1914 |
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* {{flag|Ireland}} ([[Irish Free State]]), 1928 |
* {{flag|Ireland}} ([[Irish Free State]]), 1928 |
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* {{flag|Italy}}, 1907 |
* {{flag|Italy}}, 1907 |
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* {{flag|Japan}}, 1924 |
* {{flag|Japan}}, 1924 |
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* {{flag| |
* {{flag|Luxembourg}}, 1926 |
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* {{flag|Madagascar}}, 1920 |
* {{flag|Madagascar}}, 1920 |
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* {{flag|Morocco}}, 1920 |
* {{flag|Morocco}}, 1920 |
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* {{flag|Netherlands}}, 1907 |
* {{flag|Netherlands}}, 1907 |
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* {{flag|Norway}}, 1912 |
* {{flag|Norway}}, 1912 |
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* {{flag|New |
* {{flag|New Zealand}}, 1924 |
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* {{flag|Peru}}, 1908 |
* {{flag|Peru}}, 1908 |
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* {{flag|Persia}}, 1909 |
* {{flag|Persia}}, 1909 |
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* |
* {{flag|Poland}}, 1920 |
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* {{flag|Portugal}}, 1907 |
* {{flag|Portugal}}, 1907 |
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* {{flag|Romania}}, 1921 |
* {{flag|Romania}}, 1921 |
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* {{flag|Sudan}}, 1926 |
* {{flag|Sudan}}, 1926 |
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* {{flag|Sweden}}, 1909 |
* {{flag|Sweden}}, 1909 |
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* {{flag|Switzerland}} |
* {{flag|Switzerland}}{{citation needed|date=December 2022}} |
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* {{flag|Czechoslovakia}}, 1922 |
* {{flag|Czechoslovakia}}, 1922 |
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* [[File: |
* [[File:Flag of South Africa (1928–1994).svg|22x22px]] [[Union of South Africa]], 1919 |
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* {{flag|Spain}} |
* {{flag|Spain}}, 1907 |
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* [[File:Flag of Tunisia (1959–1999).svg|22x22px]] [[French protectorate of Tunisia]], 1908 |
* [[File:Flag of Tunisia (1959–1999).svg|22x22px]] [[French protectorate of Tunisia]], 1908 |
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* {{flag|Turkey}}, 1911 |
* {{flag|Turkey}}, 1911 |
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* {{flag|USA}}, 1907 |
* {{flag|USA}}, 1907 |
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* {{flag|USSR}}, 1926 (initially accessed as {{flag| |
* {{flag|USSR}}, 1926 (initially accessed as {{flag|Russian Empire}} in 1907) |
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* {{flag|Uruguay}} |
* {{flag|Uruguay}}, 1913 |
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The OIHP was dissolved by protocols signed 22 July 1946 and its [[epidemiological]] service was incorporated into the Interim Commission of the [[World Health Organization]] on 1 January 1947. |
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== See also == |
== See also == |
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* [[International Sanitary Conferences]] |
* [[International Sanitary Conferences]] |
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* [[League of Nations]] |
* [[League of Nations]] |
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* [[World Health Organization]] |
* [[World Health Organization]] |
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* [[Camille Barrère]] |
* [[Camille Barrère]] |
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* [[Convention for Limiting the Manufacture and Regulating the Distribution of Narcotic Drugs|Drug Supervisory Body]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{int-org-stub}} |
{{int-org-stub}} |
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[[fr:Office international d'Hygiène publique]] |
Office International d'Hygiène Publique
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1907–1946 | |||||||
Emblem used by the OIHP, depicting Hygieia | |||||||
Status | Former international organization | ||||||
Administrative center | 195 boulevard Saint-Germain, Paris 48°51′17″N 2°19′31″E / 48.8548078°N 2.3252548°E / 48.8548078; 2.3252548 | ||||||
Official languages | French | ||||||
Recognized languages | French | ||||||
History | |||||||
• Arrangement of Rome | 9 December 1907 | ||||||
• Dissolution | 22 July 1946 | ||||||
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The International Office of Public Hygiene (OIPH), also known by its French name as the Office International d'Hygiène Publique (OIHP), was an international organization founded 9 December 1907 and based in Paris, France.[1] It merged into the World Health Organization after World War II.[2][3]
It was created to oversee international rules regarding the quarantining of ships and ports to prevent the spread of plague and cholera, and to administer other public health conventions,[4] leading to engage on other epidemics, and the collection of broader epidemiological data on various diseases, as well as issues such as the control of medicinal opium, cannabis, and other drugs,[5] the traumas created by World War I, etc.[4]
The OIHP was part of the complex structure known as the Health Organization (Organisation d'Hygiène) of the League of Nations,[6] in an often-competing, and sometimes collaborative relation with the League of Nations' Health Committee.[7]
The OIHP was dissolved by protocols signed 22 July 1946[8] and its epidemiological service was incorporated into the Interim Commission of the World Health Organization on 1 January 1947. However, the OIHP remained in existence legally until 1952.
The OIHP was managed by a "Permanent Committee" chaired successively by Rocco Santoliquido (1908-1919), Oscar Velghe (1919-1932), George S. Buchanan (1932-1936).[10][11][12] Important personalities were taking part in the work of the OIHP such as Camille Barrère.
As of 1933, the OIHP was composed of the following contracting parties:[10]
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of January 2024 (link)
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