m →Architecture: Sp
|
copy edits
|
||
(154 intermediate revisions by 55 users not shown) | |||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Update|date=February 2024|reason= [https://www.hinduismtoday.com/hpi/2023/04/10/iraivan-temple-crystal-sivalinga-installation-livestream-highlights/ Construction progress updates needed past April 2023]}} |
|||
{{Infobox |
{{Infobox Hindu temple |
||
|image = Iraivan6.jpg |
|||
| |
| name = Iraivan Temple |
||
| image =Iraivan Temple.jpg |
|||
|creator = |
|||
| alt =San Marga Iraivan Temple |
|||
|proper_name = |
|||
| caption = Iraivan Temple |
|||
|date_built = |
|||
| coordinates = {{coord|22.059361|-159.396946}} |
|||
|primary_deity = [[Shiva]] |
|||
| native_name = San Marga Iraivan Temple |
|||
|architecture = |
|||
| |
| country = [[United States]] |
||
| state = [[Hawaii]] |
|||
}} |
|||
| district = |
|||
| location = [[Kapaa, Hawaii|Kapa{{okina}}a]] |
|||
| elevation_m = |
|||
| deity = [[Shiva|Lord Shiva]] |
|||
| festivals = |
|||
| architecture =[[Chola dynasty|Chola]]-style Temple |
|||
| number_of_monuments= |
|||
| inscriptions = |
|||
| established =1990 construction started |
|||
| creator =Kauai Hindu Monastery and architect V. Ganapati Sthapati |
|||
| website ={{URL|www.himalayanacademy.com/}} |
|||
| map_type=North Pacific#Hawaii}} |
|||
The San Marga '''Iraivan Temple''' is a |
The San Marga '''Iraivan Temple''' is a [[Hindu]] temple dedicated to [[Lord Shiva|Shiva]] located on [[Kauai]], an island in the state of [[Hawaii]], USA. "Iraivan" means "One Above All," and is one of the oldest words for God in the [[Tamil language]]. It is the first all-stone, white granite temple to be built in the western hemisphere<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.himalayanacademy.com/monastery/temples/iraivan/in-the-news|title=Iraivan temple in the news|last=|first=|date=|website=|at=THE GARDEN ISLAND|access-date=}}</ref> whose construction began in 1990.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.himalayanacademy.com/monastery/temples/iraivan/in-the-news|title=Iraivan Temple In the News|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|at=THE NEW YORK TIMES & [[The Navhind Times]]|access-date=}}</ref> The Iraivan Temple is located next to the [[Wailua River]] and 8 km from [[Mount Waialeale]]. It is maintained by the [[Saiva Siddhanta Temple|Saiva Siddhanta Church]] which is also known as Kauai Aadheenam and Kauai's Hindu Monastery. The temple is under construction. The main [[murti]], or worshipful icon, is a rare {{transl|sa|spathika [[Sivalinga]]}}, a pointed, six-faced 700-pound clear quartz crystal. |
||
|
Sri Trichy Mahaswamigal (d. 2005) of Kailash Ashram, [[Bangalore]], describes the temple's importance: "The Iraivan Temple is going to be to America what the temples of [[Thillai Nataraja Temple, Chidambaram|Chidambaram]], [[Meenakshi Amman Temple|Madurai]], [[Ramanathaswamy Temple|Rameshwaram]], and other great Siva temples are to [[India]]."<ref name="Island Temple">{{cite web | title = Island Temple | url = http://www.himalayanacademy.com/ssc/hawaii/iraivan/island_temple_magazine/isleTemple-04_14-15.pdf}}</ref> |
||
==History== |
==History== |
||
The Iraivan Temple was envisioned by the founder Satguru [[Sivaya Subramuniyaswami]], on February 15, 1975.<ref name="Iraivan Temple In the News">{{Cite web|url=https://www.himalayanacademy.com/monastery/temples/iraivan/in-the-news|title=Iraivan Temple In the News|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|at=The Navhind Times, India|access-date=}}</ref> He required that the temple be made without the use of machinery.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Iraivan Temple In the News |url=https://www.himalayanacademy.com/monastery/temples/iraivan/in-the-news |access-date= |website= |at=INDIA TODAY}}</ref> |
|||
Iraivan Temple was inspired by a vision of [[Satguru Sivaya Subramuniyaswami]] in which he saw Lord Shiva walking on the land where the temple is now located.<ref name="Island Temple"/> It is intended as a place of pilgrimage for Hindus worldwide. Subramuniyaswami set three parameters for its design and construction: |
|||
* that it follow traditional design according to the Saiva Agamas |
|||
* that it be designed to last 1,000 years |
|||
* that it be entirely carved by hand, without the use of any machinery. |
|||
The temple design was completed by [[Dr. V. Ganapati Sthapati]] in the late 1980s. Carving of the 3,000-plus blocks of granite commenced in 1990 at a worksite in Bangalore, India. Beginning in 2001, the stone were shipped to Kauai and assembly begun by a team of silpi temple carvers under the direction of a master architect or sthapati. The 3.2 million pound temple is expected to be completed in 2017.<ref>{{cite web | title = Iraivan website FAQ | url = http://www.himalayanacademy.com/about/faq.shtml}}</ref> |
|||
In 1990, two swamis, Sri Sivaratnapuri Mahaswamigal and [[Balagangadharanatha Swamiji|Sri Balagangadharanatha]] provided eleven acres of land outside [[Bangalore]], India. The land served as a carving ground for 75 stone-carvers who hand-carved more than 4,000 blocks of granite to be transported to the temple site at [[Kauai]].<ref name="Iraivan Temple In the News"/> Beginning in 2001, the stone were shipped to Kauai and assembly begun by a team of silpi temple carvers under the direction of a master architect or ''sthapati''. The 3.2 million pound temple is still under construction.<ref>{{cite web | title = Iraivan website FAQ | url = http://www.himalayanacademy.com/about/faq.shtml}}</ref><ref name="himalayanacademy.com">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Iraivan Temple In the News |url=https://www.himalayanacademy.com/monastery/temples/iraivan/in-the-news |access-date= |website= |at=The Navhind Times, India}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> |
|||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
The temple possesses a number of architectural features. The first is that it is being carved entirely by hand. Craftsmen follow and preserve traditional methods, shaping the stone with small hammers and utilizing over 70 types of [[chisels]]. The second feature is the {{convert|4|ft|m|sing=on}} thick foundation is made of a crack-free, 7,000-psi formula using "[[fly ash]]," a by-product of [[coal]] burning.<ref>{{cite web | author = U.S. Federal Highway Administration | authorlink = Federal Highway Administration | title = Fly Ash | url = http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/infrastructure/materialsgrp/flyash.htm}}</ref> Fly ash consists of [[inorganic]], incombustible matter present in the coal that has been fused during [[combustion]] into a glassy structure. The foundation was designed by Dr. Kumar Mehta, a materials scientist at the University of California, Berkeley, and has demonstrated his theories on the use of fly ash in concrete. The third set of features are exhibitions of the stone carver's craft. The foremost of these are two sets of "musical pillars" whose tall rods are designed to resonate precise musical tones when struck with a mallet.<ref name="Island Temple"/> Others include six stone lions carved into the pillars each of which contains a stone ball freely rotatable in its mouth but not removable, a large stone bell, and ten-foot long stone chains with loose links.<ref name="Island Temple"/> |
|||
The current head of the project is Satguru [[Bodhinatha Veylanswami]], successor to the founder.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-28 |title=A Spectacular Hindu Temple in Hawaii Began as a Dream in SF |url=https://sfstandard.com/2023/11/28/hindu-temple-hawaii-began-san-francisco/ |access-date=2024-01-15 |website=The San Francisco Standard |language=en}}</ref> |
|||
⚫ |
|
||
⚫ | |||
The 700 pound clear quartz crystal was found and brought to Kauai following a vision that Almitra Zion had, she traveled from Kauai |
|||
⚫ | [[File:Iraivan4.jpg|thumb|Artist's conception of Iraivan Temple]] |
||
to Arkansas following only this vision and found the crystal and had it shipped to Kauai, she acquired this crystal for |
|||
The temple faces south and is a [[Chola dynasty|Chola]] architectural style temple and designed according to the [[Vastu shastra|Vastu]] and [[Agama (Hinduism)|Agamas]] scriptures by [[V. Ganapati Sthapati]]. It is made entirely from granite and possesses a number of rare architectural features.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Iraivan Temple In the News |url=https://www.himalayanacademy.com/monastery/temples/iraivan/in-the-news |access-date= |website= |publisher= |at=INDIA TODAY}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=2012-11-15 |title=Salute the sculptor |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/history-and-culture/salute-the-sculptor/article4098020.ece |access-date=2024-01-28 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> At the entrance of the temple, there is a 32 diameter bell and chain carved from one entire stone that hangs from the ceiling.<ref name=":1" /> The pillars of temple include unique features, such as eight lion-shaped pillars with a rotatable stone ball in each of their mouths and two pillars with 16 carved rods that produce musical tones when struck with a mallet.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=January 28, 2012 |title=The Navhind Times |url=https://www.himalayanacademy.com/monastery/temples/iraivan/in-the-news}}</ref> |
|||
guru Deva for the Iraivan Temple that he had had a vision of that is currently being built on Kauai. The crystal is perfectly formed and comes to a point. This crystal is called an earth keeper as it protects the earth. When this crystal was found at the time it was the largest of it kind, and was predicted more of its kind and larger would follow.for more information on this story see: http://www.thegreatcentralsun.com a crystal journey the true story of the find and journey of the shiva lingam journey to Kauai. |
|||
The [[quartz]] crystal (sphatika) of the Shiva-[[lingam]] is considered sacred in [[India]] because of its spotless and transparent consistency, like space.<ref name="Island Temple"/> |
|||
The temple is carved entirely by hand by craftsmen who follow and preserve traditional methods, shaping the stone with small hammers and utilizing over 70 types of [[chisels]]. There is the {{convert|4|ft|m|adj=mid|-thick}} foundation made of a crack-free, 7,000-psi formula using [[fly ash]], a by-product of [[coal]] burning.{{Citation needed|date=March 2024}} |
|||
⚫ | Vastu architecture aims at creating a space that will elevate the vibration of the individual to resonate with the vibration of the built space, which in turn is in tune with universal space. The whole space of the temple is defined in multiples and fractions of one unit, {{convert|11|ft|m}} and 7<sup>1/4</sup> inches. Pillars through the temple are spaced and structured to serve as energy points for the building. Iraivan Temple will be completely free of electricity for mystical reasons, as decreed by Satguru Sivaya Subramuniyaswami.{{Citation needed|date=March 2024}} |
||
== Deities == |
|||
The inner sanctum of the temple houses the [[murti]] (sacred image) of Shiva in the form of a rare [[Spatika Lingam]], a pointed, six-faced 700-pound clear quartz crystal.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Photos: An all-granite, hand-carved Hindu temple in Hawaii |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/gallery/2023/11/23/photos-on-hawaii-island-the-wests-only-all-granite-hand-carved-hindu-temple |access-date=2024-01-14 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Iraivan Temple Crystal Siva Lingam Installation Ceremonies Commence on Kauai – Hindu Press International |url=https://www.hinduismtoday.com/hpi/2023/03/21/iraivan-temple-crystal-siva-lingam-installation-ceremonies-commence-on-kauai/ |access-date=2024-03-27 |language=en-US}}</ref> In the early 1980s, Subramuniyaswami had been seeing the crystal in his dreams. He found it in 1987 and brought it to Kauai. The stone, estimated to be 50 million years old, was not cut out of rock by a miner. Instead, it was found in a perfect state encased in mud, probably harvested from its original outcropping by an earthquake.The Spatika Lingam is considered especially sacred because it represents the element of [[akasha]].<ref name="Island Temple" /> The campus also hosts and maintains the [[Kadavul Temple|Kadavul temple]] in which Shiva in the form of [[Nataraja]] is the primary deity.<ref name=":0" /> |
|||
==Gallery== |
==Gallery== |
||
<gallery> |
<gallery> |
||
File:Iraivan Temple.jpg|Iraivan Temple's side view |
|||
Image:Iraivan1.jpg |
|||
File:Vimanam.jpg|Vimana over the garbhagriha or inner sanctum |
|||
Image:Iraivan2.jpg |
|||
File:Iraivan2.jpg|Vimana over the garbhagriha or inner sanctum |
|||
Image:Iraivan3.jpg |
|||
File:Iraivan dsc8361.jpg|Iraivin temple |
|||
Image:Iraivan5.JPG |
|||
File:Iraivan DSC 3275.jpg|Interior of Iraivan temple |
|||
File:Iraivan Pillared Mandapam.jpg|Inside Iraivan temple |
|||
File:Iraivan5.JPG|Iraivan temple under construction |
|||
File:Iraivan1.jpg|Iravian temple view from afar with flag |
|||
</gallery> |
</gallery> |
||
== |
== See also == |
||
* [[Kadavul Temple|Kadavul temple]] |
|||
* [[Saiva Siddhanta Church]] |
|||
* [[Sivaya Subramuniyaswami]] |
|||
* [[Bodhinatha Veylanswami]] |
|||
== References == |
|||
{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
||
==External links== |
==External links== |
||
* {{Commons category-inline}} |
|||
*[http://www.himalayanacademy.com/ssc/hawaii/iraivan/ Iraivan Temple at Hawaii] |
* [http://www.himalayanacademy.com/ssc/hawaii/iraivan/ Iraivan Temple at Hawaii] |
||
* [http://www.greenbuildingadvisor.com/sites/default/files/A%20Concrete%20Slab%20for%20Y3K_0.pdf A Concrete Slab for Y3K] |
|||
{{Shaivism}} |
|||
{{coord missing|Hawaii}} |
|||
{{Shiva temples}} |
|||
{{Hindu |
{{Hindu temples in the United States}} |
||
[[Category: |
[[Category:Asian-American cultureinHawaii]] |
||
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Kauai County, Hawaii]] |
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Kauai County, Hawaii]] |
||
[[Category: |
[[Category:Buildings and structures under constructioninthe United States]] |
||
[[Category:Hindu temples in Hawaii]] |
|||
[[Category:Shiva temples]] |
[[Category:Shiva temples]] |
||
[[Category:Buildings under construction in the United States]] |
![]() |
This article needs to be updated. The reason given is: Construction progress updates needed past April 2023. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (February 2024)
|
Iraivan Temple | |
---|---|
San Marga Iraivan Temple
| |
![]()
Iraivan Temple
| |
Religion | |
Affiliation | Hinduism |
Deity | Lord Shiva |
Location | |
Location | Kapaʻa |
State | Hawaii |
Country | United States |
Show map of North Pacific
Iraivan Temple (Hawaii) Show map of Hawaii | |
Geographic coordinates | 22°03′34″N 159°23′49″W / 22.059361°N 159.396946°W / 22.059361; -159.396946 |
Architecture | |
Type | Chola-style Temple |
Creator | Kauai Hindu Monastery and architect V. Ganapati Sthapati |
Date established | 1990 construction started |
Website | |
www |
The San Marga Iraivan Temple is a Hindu temple dedicated to Shiva located on Kauai, an island in the state of Hawaii, USA. "Iraivan" means "One Above All," and is one of the oldest words for God in the Tamil language. It is the first all-stone, white granite temple to be built in the western hemisphere[1] whose construction began in 1990.[2] The Iraivan Temple is located next to the Wailua River and 8 km from Mount Waialeale. It is maintained by the Saiva Siddhanta Church which is also known as Kauai Aadheenam and Kauai's Hindu Monastery. The temple is under construction. The main murti, or worshipful icon, is a rare spathika Sivalinga, a pointed, six-faced 700-pound clear quartz crystal.
Sri Trichy Mahaswamigal (d. 2005) of Kailash Ashram, Bangalore, describes the temple's importance: "The Iraivan Temple is going to be to America what the temples of Chidambaram, Madurai, Rameshwaram, and other great Siva temples are to India."[3]
The Iraivan Temple was envisioned by the founder Satguru Sivaya Subramuniyaswami, on February 15, 1975.[4] He required that the temple be made without the use of machinery.[5]
In 1990, two swamis, Sri Sivaratnapuri Mahaswamigal and Sri Balagangadharanatha provided eleven acres of land outside Bangalore, India. The land served as a carving ground for 75 stone-carvers who hand-carved more than 4,000 blocks of granite to be transported to the temple site at Kauai.[4] Beginning in 2001, the stone were shipped to Kauai and assembly begun by a team of silpi temple carvers under the direction of a master architect or sthapati. The 3.2 million pound temple is still under construction.[6][7][8]
The current head of the project is Satguru Bodhinatha Veylanswami, successor to the founder.[9]
The temple faces south and is a Chola architectural style temple and designed according to the Vastu and Agamas scriptures by V. Ganapati Sthapati. It is made entirely from granite and possesses a number of rare architectural features.[10][8][11] At the entrance of the temple, there is a 32 diameter bell and chain carved from one entire stone that hangs from the ceiling.[12] The pillars of temple include unique features, such as eight lion-shaped pillars with a rotatable stone ball in each of their mouths and two pillars with 16 carved rods that produce musical tones when struck with a mallet.[12]
The temple is carved entirely by hand by craftsmen who follow and preserve traditional methods, shaping the stone with small hammers and utilizing over 70 types of chisels. There is the 4-foot-thick (1.2 m) foundation made of a crack-free, 7,000-psi formula using fly ash, a by-product of coal burning.[citation needed]
Vastu architecture aims at creating a space that will elevate the vibration of the individual to resonate with the vibration of the built space, which in turn is in tune with universal space. The whole space of the temple is defined in multiples and fractions of one unit, 11 feet (3.4 m) and 71/4 inches. Pillars through the temple are spaced and structured to serve as energy points for the building. Iraivan Temple will be completely free of electricity for mystical reasons, as decreed by Satguru Sivaya Subramuniyaswami.[citation needed]
The inner sanctum of the temple houses the murti (sacred image) of Shiva in the form of a rare Spatika Lingam, a pointed, six-faced 700-pound clear quartz crystal.[8][13] In the early 1980s, Subramuniyaswami had been seeing the crystal in his dreams. He found it in 1987 and brought it to Kauai. The stone, estimated to be 50 million years old, was not cut out of rock by a miner. Instead, it was found in a perfect state encased in mud, probably harvested from its original outcropping by an earthquake.The Spatika Lingam is considered especially sacred because it represents the element of akasha.[3] The campus also hosts and maintains the Kadavul temple in which Shiva in the form of Nataraja is the primary deity.[8]
| |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Deities |
| ||||||||||
Texts |
| ||||||||||
Mantra/Stotra |
| ||||||||||
Traditions |
| ||||||||||
Festivals and observances |
| ||||||||||
Shiva temples |
| ||||||||||
Related topics |
| ||||||||||
|