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removed address - it's a 20th century residential unit now (not an identified historic house) - moved coat of arts further down rather than at his childhood
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==Personal life== |
==Personal life== |
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Josiah Bartlett, born on November 21, 1729 in [[Amesbury, Massachusetts|Amesbury]], in the [[Province of Massachusetts Bay]], was the seventh and last child of Hannah ([[née]] Webster and Stephen Bartlett, a shoemaker.{{sfn|Bartlett Papers|1979|p=n21–n22, n36}} Bartlett had some education from the town schoolmaster,{{sfn|Bartlett Papers|1979|p=n22}} and along the way he learned the Latin and Greek languages.{{sfn|Goodrich|1841|p=131}} In 1745, when he was age 17, Bartlett studied medicine in his hometown under Dr. Nehemiah Ordway. Interested in books, Bartlett enjoyed the use of Ordway's library.{{sfn|Bartlett Papers|1979|p=n22, n36}}{{sfn|Goodrich|1841|p=131}}{{efn|The biography for Bartlett's papers states that Bartlett began his apprenticeship in 1745{{sfn|Bartlett Papers|1979|p=n36}} and "about 1747".{{sfn|Bartlett Papers|1979|p=n22}}}} He moved to [[Kingston, New Hampshire]] in 1750.{{sfn|Bartlett Papers|1979|p=n22, n36}} |
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Josiah Bartlett was born in [[Amesbury, Massachusetts|Amesbury]], in the [[Province of Massachusetts Bay]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ushistory.org/declaration/signers/bartlett.htm |title=Josiah Bartlett |publisher=Independence Hall Association |access-date=January 16, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140213170021/http://www.ushistory.org/declaration/signers/bartlett.htm |archive-date=February 13, 2014 }}</ref> to Stephen and Hannah-Mary (Webster) Bartlett. His father Stephen was the son of Richard and Hannah (Emery) Bartlett. He was their fifth child and fourth son. By age 17, he had learned some of both Latin and Greek. He also began the study of medicine, working in the office of Dr. Ordway of Amesbury at the same time. Before Bartlett turned 21, in 1750, he moved to [[Kingston, New Hampshire]], in [[Rockingham County, New Hampshire|Rockingham County]], and began his practice.<ref name=good>{{Cite book |last=Goodrich |first=Charles A. |url=http://archive.org/details/goodrichssigners00charrich |title=Lives of the signers to the Declaration of independence |date=1841 |publisher=R. G. H. Huntington |location=Hartford |pages=131–138}}</ref> Kingston at that time was a frontier settlement of only a few hundred families, and Bartlett was the only doctor in that part of the county at the time. He purchased land and a farm. |
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On January 15, 1754, he married [[Mary Bartlett]] of [[Newton, New Hampshire]]. She was his cousin, the daughter of his uncle, Joseph. They would remain married until her death on July 14, 1789. Josiah and Mary had three sons and seven daughters: Mary (1754), Lois (1756), Miriam (1758), Rhoda (1760), Hannah (who died as an infant in 1762), Levi (1763), Josiah (1768), Ezra (1770), Sarah (1773), and Hannah (1776, also died as an infant).<ref>{{cite book|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?printsec=frontcover&output=reader&id=enfDdLAY83oC&pg=GBS.PA50 |title= Genealogical and Biographical Sketches of the Bartlett Family in England and America |author= Levi Bartlett (1876) |year= 1876 |pages=50–51|publisher= G. M. Merrill & Crocker |isbn= 9781548748166 }}</ref> All three of his sons and seven of his grandsons would follow him as physicians. |
On January 15, 1754, he married [[Mary Bartlett]] of [[Newton, New Hampshire]]. She was his cousin, the daughter of his uncle, Joseph. They would remain married until her death on July 14, 1789. Josiah and Mary had three sons and seven daughters: Mary (1754), Lois (1756), Miriam (1758), Rhoda (1760), Hannah (who died as an infant in 1762), Levi (1763), Josiah (1768), Ezra (1770), Sarah (1773), and Hannah (1776, also died as an infant).<ref>{{cite book|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?printsec=frontcover&output=reader&id=enfDdLAY83oC&pg=GBS.PA50 |title= Genealogical and Biographical Sketches of the Bartlett Family in England and America |author= Levi Bartlett (1876) |year= 1876 |pages=50–51|publisher= G. M. Merrill & Crocker |isbn= 9781548748166 }}</ref> All three of his sons and seven of his grandsons would follow him as physicians. |
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== Medical career == |
== Medical career == |
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[[File:Coat of Arms of Josiah Bartlett.svg|175px|thumb|left|Coat of Arms of Josiah Bartlett]] |
[[File:Coat of Arms of Josiah Bartlett.svg|175px|thumb|left|Coat of Arms of Josiah Bartlett]] |
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In 1750, he moved to [[Kingston, New Hampshire]], in [[Rockingham County, New Hampshire|Rockingham County]], and began his practice.{{sfn|Goodrich|1841|p=131}} |
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Kingston at that time was a frontier settlement of only a few hundred families, and Bartlett was the only doctor in that part of the county at the time. |
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Bartlett actively practiced medicine for 45 years, after having apprenticed with another doctor and then establishing his own practice at age 20. Around 1735, the area around Kingston suffered an epidemic of a fever and canker called ''throat distemper''. For adults it was a serious illness, and for children it was frequently fatal, especially among the very young. When the illness struck again in 1754, Bartlett experimented with therapy using several available drugs and empirically discovered that [[Jesuit's bark|Peruvian bark]] would relieve symptoms long enough to allow recovery.<ref name="AMB2">{{Cite AMB1920|wstitle=Bartlett, Josiah (1729–1795)}}</ref> |
Bartlett actively practiced medicine for 45 years, after having apprenticed with another doctor and then establishing his own practice at age 20. Around 1735, the area around Kingston suffered an epidemic of a fever and canker called ''throat distemper''. For adults it was a serious illness, and for children it was frequently fatal, especially among the very young. When the illness struck again in 1754, Bartlett experimented with therapy using several available drugs and empirically discovered that [[Jesuit's bark|Peruvian bark]] would relieve symptoms long enough to allow recovery.<ref name="AMB2">{{Cite AMB1920|wstitle=Bartlett, Josiah (1729–1795)}}</ref> |
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==Political career== |
==Political career== |
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Bartlett became active in the political affairs of Kingston, and in 1765 he was elected to the colonial assembly. |
Bartlett became active in the political affairs of Kingston, and in 1765 he was elected to the colonial assembly. |
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{{sfn|Goodrich|1841|pp=131–138}} In 1767, he became the colonel of his county's militia, and [[Sir John Wentworth, 1st Baronet|Governor John Wentworth]] appointed him justice of the peace. As the [[American Revolution|Revolution]] neared, his [[Radical Whigs|Whig]] policies brought him into opposition with Wentworth. Although his lodge is not known, his great-grandson, Levi S. Bartlett, had a letter written by Josiah to his son Ezra saying, "I attended a Mason meeting last night, and as soon as you can I wish you would join the Masons."<ref>{{Cite book |last=Denslow |first=William R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rdZUQwAACAAJ&newbks=0&hl=en |title=10 000 [Ten Thousand] Famous Freemasons: Vol. I : A-D. |date=1957 |publisher=Missouri Lodge of Research |language=en}}</ref> |
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In 1774, Bartlett joined the Assembly's [[Committees of correspondence|committee of correspondence]] |
In 1774, Bartlett joined the Assembly's [[Committees of correspondence|committee of correspondence]] |
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{{sfn|Goodrich|1841|pp=131–138}} and began his work with the revolutionary leaders of the other 12 colonies. Later that year, when Wentworth dismissed, or prorogued, the Assembly, Josiah was elected to its revolutionary (and illegal) successor, the Provincial Assembly. |
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[[File:KingstonNH_JosiahBartlettHouse.jpg|right|thumb|[[Josiah Bartlett House]] in [[Kingston, New Hampshire]], a [[National Register of Historic Places]] listing, built in 1776]] |
[[File:KingstonNH_JosiahBartlettHouse.jpg|right|thumb|[[Josiah Bartlett House]] in [[Kingston, New Hampshire]], a [[National Register of Historic Places]] listing, built in 1776]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist|30em}} |
{{Reflist|30em}} |
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==Bibliography== |
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* {{Cite book | ref={{harvid|Bartlett Papers|1979}}|last=Bartlett |first=Josiah |url=http://archive.org/details/papersofjosiahba0000unse |title=The papers of Josiah Bartlett |date=1979 |publisher=Published for the New Hampshire Historical Society by the University Press of New England |isbn=978-0-87451-168-0 |location=Hanover, New Hampshire}} |
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* {{Cite book |last=Goodrich |first=Charles A. |url=http://archive.org/details/goodrichssigners00charrich |title=Lives of the signers to the Declaration of independence |date=1841 |publisher=R. G. H. Huntington |location=Hartford |pages=131–138}} |
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==Further reading== |
==Further reading== |
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Josiah Bartlett
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| 1st Governor of New Hampshire | |
| In office June 5, 1790 – June 5, 1794 | |
| Preceded by | President of New Hampshire |
| Succeeded by | John Taylor Gilman |
| Chief Justice of the New Hampshire Superior Court of Judicature | |
| In office 1788–1790 | |
| Delegate to the Continental Congress from New Hampshire | |
| In office 1778–1778 | |
| In office 1775–1776 | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1729-11-21)November 21, 1729 Amesbury, Province of Massachusetts Bay, British America |
| Died | May 19, 1795(1795-05-19) (aged 65) Kingston, New Hampshire, U.S. |
| Political party | Democratic-Republican |
| Spouse | Mary Bartlett |
| Children | 10, including Josiah Bartlett Jr. |
| Relatives | Luella J. B. Case (granddaughter) |
| Signature |  |
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Josiah Bartlett (December 2, 1729 [O.S. November 21, 1729] – May 19, 1795) was an American Founding Father,[1] physician, statesman, a delegate to the Continental Congress for New Hampshire, and a signatory to the Declaration of Independence and Articles of Confederation. He served as the first governor of New Hampshire and chief justice of the New Hampshire Superior Court of Judicature.[2]
Josiah Bartlett, born on November 21, 1729 in Amesbury, in the Province of Massachusetts Bay, was the seventh and last child of Hannah (née Webster and Stephen Bartlett, a shoemaker.[3] Bartlett had some education from the town schoolmaster,[4] and along the way he learned the Latin and Greek languages.[5] In 1745, when he was age 17, Bartlett studied medicine in his hometown under Dr. Nehemiah Ordway. Interested in books, Bartlett enjoyed the use of Ordway's library.[6][5][a] He moved to Kingston, New Hampshire in 1750.[6]
On January 15, 1754, he married Mary BartlettofNewton, New Hampshire. She was his cousin, the daughter of his uncle, Joseph. They would remain married until her death on July 14, 1789. Josiah and Mary had three sons and seven daughters: Mary (1754), Lois (1756), Miriam (1758), Rhoda (1760), Hannah (who died as an infant in 1762), Levi (1763), Josiah (1768), Ezra (1770), Sarah (1773), and Hannah (1776, also died as an infant).[8] All three of his sons and seven of his grandsons would follow him as physicians.
In 1750, he moved to Kingston, New Hampshire, in Rockingham County, and began his practice.[5] Kingston at that time was a frontier settlement of only a few hundred families, and Bartlett was the only doctor in that part of the county at the time.
Bartlett actively practiced medicine for 45 years, after having apprenticed with another doctor and then establishing his own practice at age 20. Around 1735, the area around Kingston suffered an epidemic of a fever and canker called throat distemper. For adults it was a serious illness, and for children it was frequently fatal, especially among the very young. When the illness struck again in 1754, Bartlett experimented with therapy using several available drugs and empirically discovered that Peruvian bark would relieve symptoms long enough to allow recovery.[9]
In 1790, Bartlett secured legislation recognizing the New Hampshire Medical Society. He was also elected chief executive of New Hampshire. He served in 1791 and 1792 as president.[9] In 1790, he delivered the commencement address at Dartmouth College when his son Ezra graduated. Bartlett was awarded an honorary Doctorate of Medicine the same day his son was awarded the same degree.[10]
Bartlett became active in the political affairs of Kingston, and in 1765 he was elected to the colonial assembly. [11] In 1767, he became the colonel of his county's militia, and Governor John Wentworth appointed him justice of the peace. As the Revolution neared, his Whig policies brought him into opposition with Wentworth. Although his lodge is not known, his great-grandson, Levi S. Bartlett, had a letter written by Josiah to his son Ezra saying, "I attended a Mason meeting last night, and as soon as you can I wish you would join the Masons."[12] In 1774, Bartlett joined the Assembly's committee of correspondence [11] and began his work with the revolutionary leaders of the other 12 colonies. Later that year, when Wentworth dismissed, or prorogued, the Assembly, Josiah was elected to its revolutionary (and illegal) successor, the Provincial Assembly.
He also suffered the loss of his home by fire, alleged to have been set by opposition Tories. He moved his family out to the farmhouse and began rebuilding immediately. When the assembly appointed Bartlett and John Pickering as delegates to the Continental Congress, he declined because he wished to attend to his family, but remained active in New Hampshire's affairs. In one of Governor Wentworth's last acts before being expelled from New Hampshire in 1775, he revoked Bartlett's commissions as justice, militia colonel, and assemblyman.
Bartlett was selected as a delegate again in 1775, and attended that session as well as the meetings in 1776. Indeed, for a time in late 1775 and early 1776, he was the only delegate attending from New Hampshire. Much of the work of the Congress was carried out in committees. The most important of these had a delegate from each state, which meant that Bartlett served on all of them, including those of safety, secrecy, munitions, marine, and civil government.
Eventually, after his continued letters home to the assembly and committee of safety in New Hampshire, William Whipple and Matthew Thornton were added to the delegation in Philadelphia. When the question of declaring independence from Great Britain was officially brought up in 1776, as a representative of the northernmost colony Bartlett was the first to be asked, and he answered in the affirmative. He signed the Declaration of Independence.
In 1777, he declined a return to the Congress, citing fatigue. But when trouble threatened, he used his medical skills and accompanied John Stark's forces to the Battle of Bennington in August. He was re-elected to Congress in 1778 and served on the committee that drafted the Articles of Confederation. But, after the articles were adopted, he returned to New Hampshire to attend to personal business. This was the last of his federal service. While he was at the Congress in 1776, his wife Mary had managed the farm, seen to the completion of rebuilding their house, cared for nine children, and given birth to Hannah.
Although he remained in the state after 1778, in 1779 he returned to his role as a judge, serving in the Court of Common Pleas.[2] Then in 1782 he was appointed to the New Hampshire Supreme Court. In 1788, Bartlett was made the chief justice of the state supreme court. That same year he was a delegate to the New Hampshire convention for adoption of the U.S. Constitution, serving part of the time as its chairman. He argued for ratification, which took place on June 21, 1788. The legislature of the new state of New Hampshire selected him to be a U. S. Senator, but he declined the office.
When the new state constitution took effect in 1792, he became governor. He resigned in 1794 after four years because of declining health; he died the next year. During his tenure, he oversaw the installation of a new state constitution, compilation of the laws and statutes in force, and provision for the early payment of the state's debt. He actively promoted agriculture and manufacturing, the improvement of roads, and saw the start of projects to build canals.
Bartlett retired to his home in Kingston and died there on May 19, 1795. The cause of death was paralysis.[2] He is buried next to his wife Mary in the Plains Cemetery, also at Kingston. Relatives of Bartlett still live in his home; the Josiah Bartlett House was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1971.
A bronze statue of Bartlett stands in the town square of Amesbury, Massachusetts. His portrait hangs in the State HouseinConcord, New Hampshire, drawn from an original by John Trumbull. Bartlett, New Hampshire, is named in his honor, along with the Josiah Bartlett Elementary School. Bartlett is featured on a New Hampshire historical marker (number 46) along New Hampshire Route 111 in Kingston.[13] The Bartlett School in Amesbury, which operated from 1870 until it was closed in 1968, operates as the Bartlett Museum, Inc., a nonprofit museum.
The main character in the NBC drama series The West Wing, President Josiah Bartlet, is a fictional character depicted as a descendant of the Declaration of Independence signatory.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
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| Preceded by | Governor of New Hampshire 1790–1794 |
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