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{{Short description|American stakes race for Thoroughbreds, part of the Triple Crown}} |
{{Short description|American stakes race for Thoroughbreds, part of the Triple Crown}} |
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{{Use American English|date = April 2019}} |
{{Use American English|date = April 2019}} |
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{{Use mdy dates|date= |
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2024}} |
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{{Infobox horseraces |
{{Infobox horseraces |
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| class = Grade I |
| class = Grade I |
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| record = 1:59.4, [[Secretariat (horse)|Secretariat]] ([[1973 Kentucky Derby|1973]]) ''[[#Records|more]]'' |
| record = 1:59.4, [[Secretariat (horse)|Secretariat]] ([[1973 Kentucky Derby|1973]]) ''[[#Records|more]]'' |
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| surface = Dirt |
| surface = Dirt |
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| track = Left-handed |
| track = Left-handed |
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| qualification = 3-year-old |
| qualification = 3-year-old |
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| weight = [[Colt (horse)|Colt]]/[[Gelding]]: [[Pound (mass)|126 lbs]] (57.2 kg)<br />[[Filly]]: {{convert|121|lb|kg|abbr=on}} |
| weight = [[Colt (horse)|Colt]]/[[Gelding]]: [[Pound (mass)|126 lbs]] (57.2 kg)<br />[[Filly]]: {{convert|121|lb|kg|abbr=on}} |
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The '''Kentucky Derby''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|d|ɜr|b|i}}) is an American [[Graded stakes race|Grade I stakes]] [[Thoroughbred racing|race]] run at [[Churchill Downs]] in [[Louisville, Kentucky]]. The race is run by three-year-old [[Thoroughbred]]s at a distance of {{convert|1+1/4|mi|furlong m|0|abbr=off}}. [[Colt (horse)|Colts]] and [[gelding]]s carry {{convert|126|lb|kg|abbr=off}} and [[fillies]] {{convert|121|lb|kg|abbr=off}}.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20050129145223/http://www.drf.com/sample/pdf/sample_chart.pdf "Tenth Race Churchill May 1, 2004"]. May 1, 2004. Daily Racing Forum. Accessed on May 9, 2006.</ref> |
The '''Kentucky Derby''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|d|ɜr|b|i}}) is an American [[Graded stakes race|Grade I stakes]] [[Thoroughbred racing|race]] run at [[Churchill Downs]] in [[Louisville, Kentucky]]. The race is run by three-year-old [[Thoroughbred]]s at a distance of {{convert|1+1/4|mi|furlong m|0|abbr=off}}. [[Colt (horse)|Colts]] and [[gelding]]s carry {{convert|126|lb|kg|abbr=off}} and [[fillies]] {{convert|121|lb|kg|abbr=off}}.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20050129145223/http://www.drf.com/sample/pdf/sample_chart.pdf "Tenth Race Churchill May 1, 2004"]. May 1, 2004. Daily Racing Forum. Accessed on May 9, 2006.</ref> |
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Held annually on the first Saturday in May, the Derby is the first leg of the [[Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing (United States)|Triple Crown]]. It is preceded by the two-week-long [[Kentucky Derby Festival]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://discover.kdf.org/what-is-the-kentucky-derby-festival/ |title=What is the Derby Festival®? – Our Story |website=Kentucky Derby Festival |access-date=January 31, 2024 |quote=The Festival blasts off each year with the Opening Ceremonies – Thunder Over Louisville, one of the nation’s largest annual fireworks extravaganzas! The ensuing two weeks of excitement and entertainment promise something for everyone. |archive-date=January 31, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240131073622/https://discover.kdf.org/what-is-the-kentucky-derby-festival/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The race is known as "The Run for the Roses", as the winning horse is draped in a blanket of roses.<ref name="Kleber">{{cite book |last=Renau |first=Lynn S. |editor-first=John E. |editor-last=Kleber |year=2001 |title=The Encyclopedia of Louisville |chapter=Kentucky Derby |pages=467–470 |publisher=[[University Press of Kentucky]] |location=[[Lexington, Kentucky]] |isbn=0-8131-2100-0 |oclc=247857447 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pXbYITw4ZesC |access-date=January 19, 2024 |archive-date=March 13, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313151808/https://books.google.com/books?id=pXbYITw4ZesC |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Rossingh">{{cite news |last=Rossingh |first=Danielle |url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/05/02/sport/kentucky-derby-preview-spt/index.html |title=The Kentucky Derby: five reasons why you shouldn't miss it |date=May 3, 2019 |work=[[CNN]] |access-date=May 29, 2024 |archive-date=May 30, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530035112/https://www.cnn.com/2018/05/02/sport/kentucky-derby-preview-spt/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Lasting approximately two minutes, the Derby has been alternately called "The Most Exciting Two Minutes in Sports",<ref>{{cite news |last=Forde |first=Pat |url=https://www.espn.com/espn/columns/story?columnist=forde_pat&id=2858706 |title=Most exciting two minutes? Derby proves it every year |date=May 3, 2007 |work=[[ESPN]] |access-date=May 29, 2024 |archive-date=May 21, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230521224039/https://www.espn.com/espn/columns/story?columnist=forde_pat&id=2858706 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Henderson |first=Cydney |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/horseracing/2024/05/03/how-long-is-kentucky-derby-churchill-downs/73545695007/ |title=How long is the Kentucky Derby? How many miles is the race at Churchill Downs? |date=May 3, 2024 |work=[[USA Today]] |access-date=May 29, 2024 |archive-date=May 16, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516215926/https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/horseracing/2024/05/03/how-long-is-kentucky-derby-churchill-downs/73545695007/ |url-status=live }}</ref> "The Fastest Two Minutes in Sports",<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Wakefield |first=Kirk |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/kirkwakefield/2021/04/26/the-kentucky-derby-makes-the-fastest-two-minutes-in-sports-a-year-round-party/ |title=The Kentucky Derby Makes The Fastest Two Minutes In Sports A Year-Round Party |date=April 26, 2021 |magazine=[[Forbes]] |access-date=May 29, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Molski |first=Max |url=https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/sports/triple-crown/kentucky-derby-2024-horses-prize-money-how-to-watch/5364701/ |title=Everything you need to know about the 2024 Kentucky Derby |date=April 29, 2024 |work=nbcnewyork.com |access-date=May 29, 2024 |archive-date=May 5, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505235424/https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/sports/triple-crown/kentucky-derby-2024-horses-prize-money-how-to-watch/5364701/ |url-status=live }}</ref> or "The Greatest Two Minutes in Sports", coined by Churchill Downs president [[Matt Winn]].<ref name="Sowers">{{cite book |last=Sowers |first=Richard |title=The Kentucky Derby, Preakness and Belmont Stakes: A Comprehensive History |page=7 |year=2014 |location=Jefferson, North Carolina |publisher=[[McFarland & Company]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Adams |first=Kirby |url=https://www.courier-journal.com/story/entertainment/events/kentucky-derby/2024/04/03/what-is-the-kentucky-derby-winners-circle-at-churchill-downs/72793514007/ |title=Why this famous Churchill Downs feature is only used once at the Kentucky Derby |date=April 3, 2024 |work=[[Courier Journal]] |access-date=May 29, 2024 |archive-date=May 30, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530035043/https://www.courier-journal.com/story/entertainment/events/kentucky-derby/2024/04/03/what-is-the-kentucky-derby-winners-circle-at-churchill-downs/72793514007/ |url-status=live }}</ref> At least two of these descriptions are thought to be derived from the words of sportswriter [[Grantland Rice]], when in 1935 he said "Those two minutes and a second or so of derby running carry more emotional thrills, per second, than anything sport can show."<ref name="Rossingh" /><ref>{{cite news |last=Rice |first=Grantland |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/des-moines-tribune-1935-grantland-rice-c/148354340/ |title=Kentucky Derby Has 50,000 Visitors Lifted to the Boiling Point. |date=May 4, 1935 |work=[[Des Moines Tribune]] |page=6 |via=[[newspapers.com]] |access-date=May 30, 2024}}</ref> |
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Held annually on the first Saturday in May, the race is the first leg of the [[Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing (United States)|Triple Crown]]. The Derby is known as "The Run for the Roses", as the winning horse is draped in a blanket of roses. Lasting approximately two minutes, the race has also been called "The Most Exciting Two Minutes in Sports" or "The Fastest Two Minutes in Sports". It is preceded by the two-week-long [[Kentucky Derby Festival]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://discover.kdf.org/what-is-the-kentucky-derby-festival/ |title=What is the Derby Festival®? – Our Story |website=Kentucky Derby Festival |access-date=January 31, 2024 |quote=The Festival blasts off each year with the Opening Ceremonies – Thunder Over Louisville, one of the nation’s largest annual fireworks extravaganzas! The ensuing two weeks of excitement and entertainment promise something for everyone. |archive-date=January 31, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240131073622/https://discover.kdf.org/what-is-the-kentucky-derby-festival/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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The race was first run in 1875. Unlike the other races of the Triple |
The race was first run in 1875. Unlike the other, older races of the Triple Crown—the [[Preakness Stakes]] and the [[Belmont Stakes]]—along with the [[Travers Stakes]] (the oldest comparable stakes race in the US), the Kentucky Derby and its sibling race, the [[Kentucky Oaks]], have been run every year since inception. They were twice rescheduled within the same year, the first time due to [[World War II]] in [[1945 Kentucky Derby|1945]], and the second time due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] in [[2020 Kentucky Derby|2020]]. The Derby and the Oaks are the oldest major sporting events in the US held annually since their beginning.<ref name="Kleber" /><ref>{{cite news |last=Harris |first=Beth |url=https://www.nbcwashington.com/news/sports/triple-crown/150-kentucky-derby-history/3608731/ |title=The Kentucky Derby is turning 150 years old. It's survived world wars and controversiesofall kinds |date=May 4, 2024 |publisher=nbcwashington.com |agency=Associated Press |access-date=May 29, 2024 |archive-date=May 10, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510182352/https://www.nbcwashington.com/news/sports/triple-crown/150-kentucky-derby-history/3608731/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Among thoroughbred stakes races, they are the oldest that have been held annually on the same track every year.<ref name="Kleber" /> |
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The Derby is the most-watched and [[American thoroughbred racing top attended events|most-attended]] horse race in the United States. The [[2024 Kentucky Derby]] |
The Derby is the most-watched and [[American thoroughbred racing top attended events|most-attended]] horse race in the United States. The [[2024 Kentucky Derby]] marked the 150th running of the race. |
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==History== |
==History== |
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The Kentucky Derby was first run at {{frac|1|1|2}} miles (12 [[furlong]]s; 2.4 km) the same distance as the [[Epsom Derby]], before changing lengths in 1896 to its current {{frac|1|1|4}} miles (10 furlongs; 2 km). On May 17, 1875, in front of an estimated crowd of 10,000 people, a field of 15 three-year-old horses contested the first Derby. Under jockey [[Oliver Lewis]], a colt named [[Aristides (horse)|Aristides]], who was trained by future [[National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame|Hall of Famer]] [[Ansel Williamson]], won the inaugural Derby. Later that year, Lewis rode Aristides to a second-place finish in the [[Belmont Stakes]]. |
The Kentucky Derby was first run at {{frac|1|1|2}} miles (12 [[furlong]]s; 2.4 km) the same distance as the [[Epsom Derby]], before changing lengths in 1896 to its current {{frac|1|1|4}} miles (10 furlongs; 2 km). On May 17, 1875, in front of an estimated crowd of 10,000 people, a field of 15 three-year-old horses contested the first Derby. Under jockey [[Oliver Lewis]], a colt named [[Aristides (horse)|Aristides]], who was trained by future [[National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame|Hall of Famer]] [[Ansel Williamson]], won the inaugural Derby. Later that year, Lewis rode Aristides to a second-place finish in the [[Belmont Stakes]]. |
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Initially a successful venue, the track ran into financial difficulties due to a protracted, [[Parimutuel betting|gambling-related]] [[Ben Ali (horse)#Wagering monopoly and boycott|horseman boycott]] removing it from the upper echelons of racing that would last until the |
Initially a successful venue, the track ran into financial difficulties due to a protracted, [[Parimutuel betting|gambling-related]] [[Ben Ali (horse)#Wagering monopoly and boycott|horseman boycott]] removing it from the upper echelons of racing that would last until just after the turn of the 20th century. In 1894 the New Louisville Jockey Club was incorporated with the new capitalization and improved facilities. Despite this, the business floundered until 1902, when a syndicate led by [[Matt Winn|Col. Matt Winn]] of Louisville acquired the facility. Under Winn, Churchill Downs prospered, and the Kentucky Derby then became the preeminent stakes race for three-year-old thoroughbred horses in North America.<ref>{{cite book |last=Renau |first=Lynn S. |editor-first=John E. |editor-last=Kleber |year=2001 |title=The Encyclopedia of Louisville |chapter=Winn, Martin J. |pages=946–947 |publisher=[[University Press of Kentucky]] |location=[[Lexington, Kentucky]] |isbn=0-8131-2100-0 |oclc=247857447 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pXbYITw4ZesC |access-date=January 20, 2024 |archive-date=March 13, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313151808/https://books.google.com/books?id=pXbYITw4ZesC |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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Thoroughbred owners began sending their successful Derby horses to compete in two other races. These two are the [[Preakness Stakes]] at the [[Pimlico Race Course]], in [[Baltimore]], and the [[Belmont Stakes]] in [[Elmont, New York]]. The three races offered large purses, and in [[1919 Kentucky Derby|1919]], [[Sir Barton]] became the first horse to win all three races. However, the term "[[Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing|Triple Crown]]" did not come into use for another eleven years. In [[1930 Kentucky Derby|1930]], when [[Gallant Fox]] became the second horse to win all three races, sportswriter [[Charles Hatton (journalist)|Charles Hatton]] brought the phrase into American usage. Fueled by the media, public interest in the possibility of a "superhorse" that could win the Triple Crown began in the weeks leading up to the Derby. Two years after the term went in use, the race (until that time ran in mid-May since inception) changed the date to the first Saturday in May. This change allows for a specific schedule for the Triple Crown races. Since 1931, the order of Triple Crown races has been the Kentucky Derby first, followed by the Preakness Stakes and then the Belmont Stakes. Before 1931, eleven times the Preakness was run before the Derby. On May 12, 1917, and again on May 13, 1922, the Preakness and the Derby took place on the same day. On eleven occasions the Belmont Stakes was run before the Preakness Stakes, and in 2020, the Belmont was run first, then the Kentucky Derby, and the Preakness Stakes last. |
Thoroughbred owners began sending their successful Derby horses to compete in two other races. These two are the [[Preakness Stakes]] at the [[Pimlico Race Course]], in [[Baltimore]], and the [[Belmont Stakes]] in [[Elmont, New York]]. The three races offered large purses, and in [[1919 Kentucky Derby|1919]], [[Sir Barton]] became the first horse to win all three races. However, the term "[[Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing|Triple Crown]]" did not come into use for another eleven years. In [[1930 Kentucky Derby|1930]], when [[Gallant Fox]] became the second horse to win all three races, sportswriter [[Charles Hatton (journalist)|Charles Hatton]] brought the phrase into American usage. Fueled by the media, public interest in the possibility of a "superhorse" that could win the Triple Crown began in the weeks leading up to the Derby. Two years after the term went in use, the race (until that time ran in mid-May since inception) changed the date to the first Saturday in May. This change allows for a specific schedule for the Triple Crown races. Since 1931, the order of Triple Crown races has been the Kentucky Derby first, followed by the Preakness Stakes and then the Belmont Stakes. Before 1931, eleven times the Preakness was run before the Derby. On May 12, 1917, and again on May 13, 1922, the Preakness and the Derby took place on the same day. On eleven occasions the Belmont Stakes was run before the Preakness Stakes, and in 2020, the Belmont was run first, then the Kentucky Derby, and the Preakness Stakes last. |
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The Kentucky Derby began offering $3 million in purse money in 2019. Churchill Downs officials have cited the success of [[Instant Racing|historical race wagering terminals]] at their Derby City Gaming facility in Louisville as a factor behind the purse increase. The Derby first offered a $1 million purse in 1996; it was doubled to $2 million in 2005.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bloodhorse.com/horse-racing/articles/231501/kentucky-derby-purse-increased-to-3-million|title=Kentucky Derby Purse Increased to $3 Million|last=Angst|first=Frank|date=January 10, 2019|website=bloodhorse.com|publisher=The Bloodhorse|access-date=January 10, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190111054942/https://www.bloodhorse.com/horse-racing/articles/231501/kentucky-derby-purse-increased-to-3-million|archive-date=January 11, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> |
The Kentucky Derby began offering $3 million in purse money in 2019. Churchill Downs officials have cited the success of [[Instant Racing|historical race wagering terminals]] at their Derby City Gaming facility in Louisville as a factor behind the purse increase. The Derby first offered a $1 million purse in 1996; it was doubled to $2 million in 2005.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bloodhorse.com/horse-racing/articles/231501/kentucky-derby-purse-increased-to-3-million|title=Kentucky Derby Purse Increased to $3 Million|last=Angst|first=Frank|date=January 10, 2019|website=bloodhorse.com|publisher=The Bloodhorse|access-date=January 10, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190111054942/https://www.bloodhorse.com/horse-racing/articles/231501/kentucky-derby-purse-increased-to-3-million|archive-date=January 11, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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In 2020, the Derby was postponed from May 2 to September 5 due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{Cite |
In 2020, the Derby was postponed from May 2 to September 5 due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/major-events-cancelled-or-postponed-due-to-the-coronavirus-2020|title=Here are the latest major events that have been canceled or postponed because of the coronavirus outbreak, including the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, Burning Man, and the 74th Annual Tony Awards|last1=Hadden|first1=Joey|last2=Casado|first2=Laura|work=[[Business Insider]]|date=April 10, 2020|access-date=May 10, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412063437/https://www.businessinsider.com/major-events-cancelled-or-postponed-due-to-the-coronavirus-2020|archive-date=April 12, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> This was the second time in history the race had been postponed, the other being in [[1945 Kentucky Derby|1945]].<ref name="Kleber"/> Churchill Downs used a new singular 20-stall starting gate for the [[2020 Kentucky Derby]], replacing the previous arrangement that used a standard 14-stall gate and an auxiliary six-stall gate.<ref name=gate20/> The old setup contributed to congestion at the start of the race, especially in the gap between the two gates.<ref name=gate20>{{cite web |title=Churchill to Debut 20-Horse Derby Gate Sept. 1 |url=https://www.bloodhorse.com/horse-racing/articles/243106/churchill-to-debut-20-horse-derby-gate-sept-1 |website=BloodHorse.com |access-date=September 1, 2020 |language=en |archive-date=January 28, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240128042905/https://www.bloodhorse.com/horse-racing/articles/243106/churchill-to-debut-20-horse-derby-gate-sept-1 |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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[[Rich Strike]], a [[Substitution (sport)|reserve]] who only made it into the final field after a late scratching, won the [[2022 Kentucky Derby|race in 2022]] at final odds of 80:1 and [[parimutuel betting]] payouts were even larger.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kentucky Derby Payouts Guide - Horses for Win, Place & Show |url=https://kentuckyderbybettingsites.net/payouts/ |access-date=2024-05-01 |website=kentuckyderbybettingsites.net |language=en-US}}</ref> |
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[[Rich Strike]], a [[Substitution (sport)|reserve]] who only made it into the final field after a late scratching, won the [[2022 Kentucky Derby|race in 2022]] at final odds of 80:1 and [[parimutuel betting]] payouts were even larger.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kentucky Derby Payouts Guide – Horses for Win, Place & Show |url=https://kentuckyderbybettingsites.net/payouts/ |access-date=May 1, 2024 |website=kentuckyderbybettingsites.net |language=en-US |archive-date=May 1, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240501103039/https://kentuckyderbybettingsites.net/payouts/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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[[File:2024 Derby sign and Spire.jpg|thumb|The Kentucky Derby sign for the 2024 Derby, the 150th running of the Derby, with one of the twin spires in the background.]] |
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In January 2024, the purse for the Kentucky Derby was increased to $5 million.<ref name="Frakes-2024"/> |
In January 2024, the purse for the Kentucky Derby was increased to $5 million.<ref name="Frakes-2024"/> |
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The [[infield]]—a spectator area inside the track—offers general admission prices but little chance of seeing much of the race, particularly before the [[jumbotron]] installation in 2014.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.kentucky.com/sports/horses/kentucky-derby/article44487432.html|title=Giant screen at Churchill Downs gives everyone at Kentucky Derby a front-row view|work=kentucky|access-date=April 30, 2018|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180501004812/http://www.kentucky.com/sports/horses/kentucky-derby/article44487432.html|archive-date=May 1, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.churchilldowns.com/news/archive/panasonic-announces-installation-worlds-largest-4k-video-board-churchill-downs|title=Panasonic Announces Installation of World's Largest 4K Video Board at Churchill Downs {{!}} {{!}} Churchill Downs Racetrack {{!}} Home of the Kentucky Derby|website=churchilldowns.com|access-date=April 30, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180501004608/https://www.churchilldowns.com/news/archive/panasonic-announces-installation-worlds-largest-4k-video-board-churchill-downs|archive-date=May 1, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Instead, revelers show up in the infield to party with abandon. By contrast, "Millionaire's Row" refers to the expensive box seats that attract the rich, the famous and the well-connected. Women appear in elegant outfits lavishly accessorized with large, elaborate hats. Following the [[Call to the Post]] played on bugle by Steve Buttleman, as the horses start to parade before the grandstands, the [[University of Louisville Cardinal Marching Band]] plays [[Stephen Foster]]'s "[[My Old Kentucky Home]]". This song is a tradition which began in 1921.<ref>{{cite web|title=My Old Kentucky Home|url=http://www.kentuckyderby.com/experience/traditions/song-my-old-kentucky-home|access-date=April 29, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130503193241/http://www.kentuckyderby.com/experience/traditions/song-my-old-kentucky-home|archive-date=May 3, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> The event attracts spectators from a large area, flying in hundreds of private aircraft to [[Louisville International Airport]].<ref name="ain2015-05-05">{{cite news |first=Curt |last=Epstein |url=http://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/business-aviation/2015-05-05/derby-boxing-match-fuel-atlantics-best-day-ever |title=Derby, Boxing Match Fuel Atlantic's Best Day Ever |work=Aviation International News |date=May 5, 2015 |access-date=May 6, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150509012421/http://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/business-aviation/2015-05-05/derby-boxing-match-fuel-atlantics-best-day-ever |archive-date=May 9, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> |
The [[infield]]—a spectator area inside the track—offers general admission prices but little chance of seeing much of the race, particularly before the [[jumbotron]] installation in 2014.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.kentucky.com/sports/horses/kentucky-derby/article44487432.html|title=Giant screen at Churchill Downs gives everyone at Kentucky Derby a front-row view|work=kentucky|access-date=April 30, 2018|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180501004812/http://www.kentucky.com/sports/horses/kentucky-derby/article44487432.html|archive-date=May 1, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.churchilldowns.com/news/archive/panasonic-announces-installation-worlds-largest-4k-video-board-churchill-downs|title=Panasonic Announces Installation of World's Largest 4K Video Board at Churchill Downs {{!}} {{!}} Churchill Downs Racetrack {{!}} Home of the Kentucky Derby|website=churchilldowns.com|access-date=April 30, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180501004608/https://www.churchilldowns.com/news/archive/panasonic-announces-installation-worlds-largest-4k-video-board-churchill-downs|archive-date=May 1, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Instead, revelers show up in the infield to party with abandon. By contrast, "Millionaire's Row" refers to the expensive box seats that attract the rich, the famous and the well-connected. Women appear in elegant outfits lavishly accessorized with large, elaborate hats. Following the [[Call to the Post]] played on bugle by Steve Buttleman, as the horses start to parade before the grandstands, the [[University of Louisville Cardinal Marching Band]] plays [[Stephen Foster]]'s "[[My Old Kentucky Home]]". This song is a tradition which began in 1921.<ref>{{cite web|title=My Old Kentucky Home|url=http://www.kentuckyderby.com/experience/traditions/song-my-old-kentucky-home|access-date=April 29, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130503193241/http://www.kentuckyderby.com/experience/traditions/song-my-old-kentucky-home|archive-date=May 3, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> The event attracts spectators from a large area, flying in hundreds of private aircraft to [[Louisville International Airport]].<ref name="ain2015-05-05">{{cite news |first=Curt |last=Epstein |url=http://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/business-aviation/2015-05-05/derby-boxing-match-fuel-atlantics-best-day-ever |title=Derby, Boxing Match Fuel Atlantic's Best Day Ever |work=Aviation International News |date=May 5, 2015 |access-date=May 6, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150509012421/http://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/business-aviation/2015-05-05/derby-boxing-match-fuel-atlantics-best-day-ever |archive-date=May 9, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> |
||
The Derby is frequently referred to as "''The Run for the Roses''", because a lush blanket of 554 red [[rose]]s is awarded to the Kentucky Derby winner each year. |
The Derby is frequently referred to as "''The Run for the Roses''", because a lush blanket of 554 red [[rose]]s is awarded to the Kentucky Derby winner each year.<ref name="Tran">{{cite news |last=Tran |first=Daniel |url=https://www.nbcsports.com/betting/horse-racing/news/2022-kentucky-derby-traditions-food-drinks-and-other-iconic-customs-for-derby-day |title=2022 Kentucky Derby: Traditions, food, drinks and other iconic customs for Derby Day |date=May 5, 2022 |work=[[NBC Sports]] |access-date=May 29, 2024 |archive-date=May 30, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530035044/https://www.nbcsports.com/betting/horse-racing/news/2022-kentucky-derby-traditions-food-drinks-and-other-iconic-customs-for-derby-day |url-status=live }}</ref> New York sports columnist and future Churchill Downs president [[Bill Corum]] in 1925 began describing the race thusly,<ref name="Rossingh" /> but the tradition originated in 1883 when New York City socialite [[Evander Berry Wall|E. Berry Wall]] presented roses to ladies at a post-Derby party. The Churchill Downs founder and president, Col. Meriwether Lewis Clark Jr., attended that event. This gesture is believed to have led Clark to the idea of making the rose the race's official flower. However, it was not until 1896 that any recorded account referred to draping roses on the Derby winner.<ref name="Tran" /> The [[Governor of Kentucky]] and the Chairman of [[Churchill Downs Incorporated]] present the garland and the [[Kentucky Derby Trophy]] to the winner. Pop vocalist [[Dan Fogelberg]] composed the song "[[Run for the Roses (song)|Run for the Roses]]", released in time for the 1980 running of the race.<ref>{{cite web|title=Dan Fogelberg Prodigy Chat transcript Treehouse.org|url=http://www.treehouse.org/fogelberg/intview7.html|access-date=October 16, 2014|archive-date=March 7, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150307152529/http://www.treehouse.org/fogelberg/intview7.html|url-status=live}}</ref> |
||
=== Riders Up! === |
=== Riders Up! === |
||
"Riders Up!" is the traditional command from the Paddock Judge for jockeys to mount their horses in advance of the upcoming race. Since 2012, the grand marshal recites this phrase. |
"Riders Up!" is the traditional command from the Paddock Judge for jockeys to mount their horses in advance of the upcoming race. Since 2012, the grand marshal recites this phrase. |
||
{| class="wikitable" |
|||
|+ |
|||
!Year |
|||
!Grand Marshal |
|||
|- |
|||
|2024 |
|||
|[[Martha Stewart]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|2023 |
|||
|[[Patrick Mahomes]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|2022 |
|||
|[[Jack Harlow]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|2021 |
|||
|[[D. Wayne Lukas]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|2020 |
|||
|''No grand marshal due to COVID-19 pandemic'' |
|||
|- |
|||
|2019 |
|||
|[[Baker Mayfield]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|2018 |
|||
|[[Laila Ali]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|2017 |
|||
|[[Jeff Bridges]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|2016 |
|||
|[[Sean Payton]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|2015 |
|||
|[[Teddy Bridgewater]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|2014 |
|||
|[[Julius Erving]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|2013 |
|||
|[[Charlie Strong]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|2012 |
|||
|[[John Calipari]] |
|||
|} |
|||
'''Grand marshals''' |
|||
===National Anthem performers=== |
|||
{{columns-list|colwidth=22em| |
|||
* 2024: [[Martha Stewart]] |
|||
* 2023: [[Patrick Mahomes]] |
|||
* 2022: [[Jack Harlow]] |
|||
* 2021: [[D. Wayne Lukas]] |
|||
* 2020: ''No grand marshal due to COVID-19 pandemic'' |
|||
* 2019: [[Baker Mayfield]] |
|||
* 2018: [[Laila Ali]] |
|||
* 2017: [[Jeff Bridges]] |
|||
* 2016: [[Sean Payton]] |
|||
* 2015: [[Teddy Bridgewater]] |
|||
* 2014: [[Julius Erving]] |
|||
* 2013: [[Charlie Strong]] |
|||
* 2012: [[John Calipari]] |
|||
}} |
|||
===National Anthem performers=== |
|||
*2009: [[LeAnn Rimes]] |
|||
{{columns-list|colwidth=22em| |
|||
*2010: [[Rascal Flatts]] |
|||
* 2024: [[Wynonna Judd]] (accompanied by drummer and husband Cactus Moser) |
|||
*2011: [[Jordin Sparks]] |
|||
* |
* 2023: [[Carly Pearce]] |
||
* |
* 2022: [[Brittney Spencer]] |
||
* |
* 2021: [[Tori Kelly]] |
||
* |
* 2019: [[Jennifer Nettles]] |
||
* |
* 2018: [[Pentatonix]] |
||
*2017: [[Harry Connick Jr.]] |
* 2017: [[Harry Connick Jr.]] |
||
* |
* 2016: [[Lady Antebellum]] |
||
* |
* 2015: [[Josh Groban]] |
||
* |
* 2014: [[Jo Dee Messina]] |
||
* |
* 2013: [[Martina McBride]] |
||
* |
* 2012: [[Mary J. Blige]] |
||
* 2011: [[Jordin Sparks]] |
|||
*2024: [[Wynonna Judd]] (accompanied by drummer and husband Cactus Moser) |
|||
* 2010: [[Rascal Flatts]] |
|||
* 2009: [[LeAnn Rimes]] |
|||
}} |
|||
=== Festival === |
=== Festival === |
||
Line 364: | Line 338: | ||
|} |
|} |
||
=== Owner |
=== Owner records === |
||
Seventeen owners have won the Kentucky Derby multiple times with horses they fully or partially owned. |
Seventeen owners have won the Kentucky Derby multiple times with horses they fully or partially owned. |
||
{| class="wikitable" |
{| class="wikitable" |
||
Line 457: | Line 431: | ||
!Owner |
!Owner |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|2024 |
|||
|1884* |
|||
|[[Thorpedo Anna]] |
|||
|Modesty |
|||
|[[Mystik Dan]] |
|||
|[[Buchanan (horse)|Buchanan]] |
|||
|[[Brian Hernandez Jr.]] |
|||
|[[Isaac Murphy (jockey)|Isaac Murphy]] |
|||
|[[Kenneth G. McPeek]] |
|||
|''different'' |
|''different'' |
||
|- |
|||
|2018 |
|||
|[[Monomoy Girl]] |
|||
|[[Justify (horse)|Justify]] |
|||
|''different'' |
|''different'' |
||
|''different'' |
|||
|Head of Plains Partners/Monomoy Stables |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|2009 |
|||
|1933* |
|||
|[[Rachel Alexandra]] |
|||
|Barn Swallow |
|||
|[[ |
|[[Mine That Bird]] |
||
|[[ |
|[[Calvin Borel]] |
||
|''different'' |
|||
|[[Herbert J. Thompson]] |
|||
|''different'' |
|||
|[[Edward R. Bradley]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|1993 |
|||
|1949 |
|||
|Dispute |
|||
|Wistful |
|||
|[[ |
|[[Sea Hero]] |
||
|[[Jerry Bailey]] |
|||
|''different'' |
|''different'' |
||
|[[Ben A. Jones|Ben Jones]] |
|||
|''different'' |
|''different'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|1966 |
|||
|1950 |
|||
|Native Sunset |
|||
|Ari's Mona |
|||
|[[ |
|[[Kauai King]] |
||
|Don Brumfield |
|||
|[[Bill Boland]] |
|||
|''different'' |
|''different'' |
||
|''different'' |
|''different'' |
||
Line 492: | Line 473: | ||
|[[Calumet Farm]] |
|[[Calumet Farm]] |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|1950 |
|||
|1966 |
|||
|Ari's Mona |
|||
|Native Sunset |
|||
|[[ |
|[[Middleground]] |
||
|[[Bill Boland]] |
|||
|Don Brumfield |
|||
|''different'' |
|''different'' |
||
|''different'' |
|''different'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|1949 |
|||
|1993 |
|||
|Wistful |
|||
|Dispute |
|||
|[[ |
|[[Ponder (horse)|Ponder]] |
||
|[[Jerry Bailey]] |
|||
|''different'' |
|''different'' |
||
|[[Ben A. Jones|Ben Jones]] |
|||
|''different'' |
|''different'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|1933* |
|||
|2009 |
|||
|Barn Swallow |
|||
|[[Rachel Alexandra]] |
|||
|[[ |
|[[Brokers Tip]] |
||
|[[ |
|[[Don Meade]] |
||
|[[Herbert J. Thompson]] |
|||
|''different'' |
|||
|[[Edward R. Bradley]] |
|||
|''different'' |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|1884* |
|||
|2018 |
|||
|Modesty |
|||
|[[Monomoy Girl]] |
|||
|[[ |
|[[Buchanan (horse)|Buchanan]] |
||
|[[Isaac Murphy (jockey)|Isaac Murphy]] |
|||
|''different'' |
|''different'' |
||
|''different'' |
|||
|Head of Plains Partners/Monomoy Stables |
|||
|- |
|||
|2024 |
|||
|[[Thorpedo Anna]] |
|||
|[[Mystik Dan]] |
|||
|[[Brian Hernandez Jr.]] |
|||
|[[Kenneth G. McPeek]] |
|||
|''different'' |
|''different'' |
||
|} |
|} |
||
<nowiki>*</nowiki>Until the 1950s, the Oaks was held several days or weeks after the Derby. |
<nowiki>*</nowiki>Until the 1950s, the Oaks was held several days or weeks after the Derby. |
||
==Winners== |
==Winners== |
||
Line 551: | Line 525: | ||
|{{Frac|1|1|4}} |
|{{Frac|1|1|4}} |
||
|Fast |
|Fast |
||
|2:03 |
|2:03.34 |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[2023 Kentucky Derby|2023]] |
|[[2023 Kentucky Derby|2023]] |
||
Line 599: | Line 573: | ||
|- style="background: Gold" |
|- style="background: Gold" |
||
| [[2018 Kentucky Derby|'''2018''']] |
| [[2018 Kentucky Derby|'''2018''']] |
||
| '''[[Justify (horse)|Justify]] {{Dagger|alt=(Named [[American Horse of the Year]])}}''' |
| '''[[Justify (horse)|Justify]] {{Dagger|alt=(Named [[American Horse of the Year]])}}{{Double-dagger|alt=(Later inducted into the Hall of Fame)}}''' |
||
| [[Mike E. Smith|'''Mike Smith''']] |
| [[Mike E. Smith|'''Mike Smith''']] |
||
| '''[[Bob Baffert]]''' |
| '''[[Bob Baffert]]''' |
||
Line 626: | Line 600: | ||
|- style="background: Gold" |
|- style="background: Gold" |
||
| [[2015 Kentucky Derby|'''2015''']] |
| [[2015 Kentucky Derby|'''2015''']] |
||
| '''[[American Pharoah]] {{Dagger|alt=(Named [[American Horse of the Year]])}}''' |
| '''[[American Pharoah]] {{Dagger|alt=(Named [[American Horse of the Year]])}}{{Double-dagger|alt=(Later inducted into the Hall of Fame)}}''' |
||
| '''[[Victor Espinoza]]''' |
| '''[[Victor Espinoza]]''' |
||
| '''[[Bob Baffert]]''' |
| '''[[Bob Baffert]]''' |
||
Line 635: | Line 609: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[2014 Kentucky Derby|2014]] |
| [[2014 Kentucky Derby|2014]] |
||
| [[California Chrome]] {{Dagger|alt=(Named [[American Horse of the Year]])}} |
| [[California Chrome]] {{Dagger|alt=(Named [[American Horse of the Year]])}}{{Double-dagger|alt=(Later inducted into the Hall of Fame)}}''' |
||
| [[Victor Espinoza]] |
| [[Victor Espinoza]] |
||
| [[Art Sherman]] |
| [[Art Sherman]] |
||
Line 1,905: | Line 1,879: | ||
==Sire lines== |
==Sire lines== |
||
Winners of the Kentucky Derby can be connected to each other due to the practice of [[Thoroughbred breeding theories|arranging horse breeding]] based on their previous success. All of the horses can be traced back to the three foundational sires, with [[Godolphin Arabian]] the ancestor of 7 winners, [[Byerley Turk]] the ancestor of 11 winners, and [[Darley Arabian]] |
Winners of the Kentucky Derby can be connected to each other due to the practice of [[Thoroughbred breeding theories|arranging horse breeding]] based on their previous success. All of the horses can be traced back to the three foundational sires, with [[Godolphin Arabian]] the ancestor of 7 winners, [[Byerley Turk]] the ancestor of 11 winners, and [[Darley Arabian]] the ancestor of 132 winners, including all winners since 1938. |
||
=== Darley Arabian line === |
=== Darley Arabian line === |
||
The [[Darley Arabian]] (1700c) sire line (all branched through the [[Eclipse (horse)|Eclipse]] (1764) line)<ref>{{cite web |title=Sire Lines |url=http://www.bloodlines.net/TB/Sirelines/SireLines.htm |website=bloodlines.net |access-date=April 20, 2021 |archive-date=April 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422011353/http://www.bloodlines.net/TB/Sirelines/SireLines.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> produced 132 Derby winners (124 colts, 5 geldings, 3 fillies), including all winners from 1938 to present.<ref name=" |
The [[Darley Arabian]] (1700c) sire line (all branched through the [[Eclipse (horse)|Eclipse]] (1764) line)<ref>{{cite web |title=Sire Lines |url=http://www.bloodlines.net/TB/Sirelines/SireLines.htm |website=bloodlines.net |access-date=April 20, 2021 |archive-date=April 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422011353/http://www.bloodlines.net/TB/Sirelines/SireLines.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> produced 132 Derby winners (124 colts, 5 geldings, 3 fillies), including all winners from 1938 to present.<ref name="KDSL">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thoroughbreddailynews.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/1-28i-sid-table.pdf|title=SIRE LINES OF KENTUCKY DERBY WINNERS, 1921–2020|access-date=April 23, 2021|archive-date=April 23, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423035307/https://www.thoroughbreddailynews.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/1-28i-sid-table.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> The main branches of this sire line are: |
||
* |
* the [[King Fergus]] (1775) branch (all branched through the [[Voltigeur (horse)|Voltigeur]] (1847) line), produced 14 winners. His sire line continued primarily through his son [[Vedette (horse)|Vedette]] (1854) with 12 winners, due to his sons [[Speculum (horse)|Speculum]] (1865) with 6 winners (nearly exclusively through [[Sundridge (horse)|Sundridge]] (1898) with 5 winners, most recently [[Count Turf]] in [[1951 Kentucky Derby|1951]]) and [[Galopin]] (1872) with 6 winners (exclusively through [[St. Simon (horse)|St. Simon]] (1881), most recently [[Go For Gin]] in [[1994 Kentucky Derby|1994]]).<ref>{{cite web |title=Sire Lines King Fergus |url=http://www.bloodlines.net/TB/Sirelines/KingFergus.htm |website=bloodlines.net |access-date=April 20, 2021 |archive-date=February 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203202725/http://www.bloodlines.net/TB/Sirelines/KingFergus.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=St. Simon Sire Line |url=http://www.bloodlines.net/TB/Sirelines/StSimon.htm |website=bloodlines.net |access-date=April 20, 2021 |archive-date=April 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420025912/http://www.bloodlines.net/TB/Sirelines/StSimon.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Go For Gin">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pedigreequery.com/go+for+gin|title=Go for Gin Horse Pedigree|website=pedigreequery.com|access-date=May 22, 2021|archive-date=May 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210522011415/https://www.pedigreequery.com/go+for+gin|url-status=live}}</ref> |
||
* |
* the [[Potoooooooo]] (1773) branch<ref name="Pot8">{{cite web |title=Pot8os Sire Line |url=http://www.bloodlines.net/TB/Sirelines/Pot8os.htm |website=bloodlines.net |access-date=April 20, 2021 |archive-date=April 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420025903/http://www.bloodlines.net/TB/Sirelines/Pot8os.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> produced 118 winners (all branched through the [[Waxy (horse)|Waxy]] (1790) line), including all winners from 1995 to present. The primary branch of this sire line is through [[Whalebone (horse)|Whalebone]] (1807), which has produced 113 winners. In turn, the primary branch continues through [[Sir Hercules]] (1826), which has produced 91 winners (including all winners since 2006), and then the [[Birdcatcher]] (1833) branch<ref>{{cite web |title=Birdcatcher Sire Line |url=http://www.bloodlines.net/TB/Sirelines/Birdcatcher.htm |website=bloodlines.net |access-date=April 20, 2021 |archive-date=April 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420025914/http://www.bloodlines.net/TB/Sirelines/Birdcatcher.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> which produced 79 winners. From Birdcatcher, the branch of [[The Baron (horse)|The Baron]] (1842) has produced 69 winners, of which 67 winners trace to [[Stockwell (horse)|Stockwell]] (1849).<ref>{{cite web |title=Stockwell Sire Line |url=http://www.bloodlines.net/TB/Sirelines/Stockwell.htm |website=bloodlines.net |access-date=April 20, 2021 |archive-date=April 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420025902/http://www.bloodlines.net/TB/Sirelines/Stockwell.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Stockwell's son [[Doncaster (horse)|Doncaster]] (1870) sired [[Bend Or]] (1877), whose sire line accounts for 65 winners.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bend Or Sire Line |url=http://www.bloodlines.net/TB/Sirelines/BendOr.htm |website=bloodlines.net |access-date=April 20, 2021 |archive-date=April 1, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401145727/https://www.bloodlines.net/TB/Sirelines/BendOr.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> The main branch of the Bend Or sire line continued through his son [[Bona Vista]] (1889) with 56 winners, exclusively through the [[Phalaris (horse)|Phalaris]] (1913) line, which has dominated in the last several decades (including all winners from 2006 to present) through the following sons:<ref name="Phalaris">{{cite web |title=Phalaris Sire Line |url=http://www.bloodlines.net/TB/Sirelines/Phalaris.htm |website=bloodlines.net |access-date=April 20, 2021 |archive-date=April 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420025902/http://www.bloodlines.net/TB/Sirelines/Phalaris.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Nearco Sire Line |url=http://www.bloodlines.net/TB/Sirelines/Nearco.htm |website=bloodlines.net |access-date=April 20, 2021 |archive-date=April 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420025901/http://www.bloodlines.net/TB/Sirelines/Nearco.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> |
||
** |
** the [[Pharamond (horse)|Pharamond]] (1925) branch (4 winners all through the [[Tom Fool]] (1949) line, most recently [[Silver Charm]] in [[1997 Kentucky Derby|1997]]).<ref name="Phalaris"/> |
||
** |
** the [[Sickle (horse)|Sickle]] (1924) branch, (24 winners all branched through the [[Native Dancer]] (1950) line, nearly exclusively through [[Raise a Native]] (1961) with 23 winners, continued primarily through [[Mr Prospector]] (1970) with 16 winners through 8 different sons: [[Fusaichi Pegasus]], winner of the [[2000 Kentucky Derby]], and 7 other sons through their progeny (most recently [[Mage (horse)|Mage]] in [[2023 Kentucky Derby|2023]], with his son [[Fappiano]] (1977) accounting for 6 winners (most recently [[Always Dreaming]] in [[2017 Kentucky Derby|2017]])). |
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** |
** the [[Pharos (horse)|Pharos]] (1920) branch (28 winners all branched through the [[Nearco]] (1935) line, through his sons [[Royal Charger]] (1942), [[Nearctic (horse)|Nearctic]] (1954), and [[Nasrullah (horse)|Nasrullah]] (1940)). The Royal Charger branch produced 5 winners (most recently [[Barbaro (horse)|Barbaro]] in [[2006 Kentucky Derby|2006]]), the Nearctic branch produced 9 winners, exclusively through his son [[Northern Dancer]] (1961) with his win in the [[1964 Kentucky Derby]], and direct male progeny of 8 winners, including 5 winners through his son [[Storm Bird]] (most recently [[Mystik Dan]] in [[2024 Kentucky Derby|2024]]), while the Nasrullah branch produced 14 winners (most recently [[Nyquist (horse)|Nyquist]] in [[2016 Kentucky Derby|2016]]) primarily through his son [[Bold Ruler]] (1954) with 10 winners (most recently [[California Chrome]] in [[2014 Kentucky Derby|2014]]). |
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** |
** special notes: |
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*** |
*** the Waxy (1790) branch produced two main lines: the primary branch of Whalebone (1807), and the secondary branch of [[Whisker (horse)|Whisker]] (1812) which produced 5 winners (exclusively through the [[King Tom (horse)|King Tom]] (1851) line), most recently [[1909 Kentucky Derby]] winner [[Wintergreen (horse)|Wintergreen]].<ref name="Wintergreen">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pedigreequery.com/wintergreen|title=Wintergreen Horse Pedigree|website=pedigreequery.com|access-date=July 16, 2021|archive-date=May 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210521232713/https://www.pedigreequery.com/wintergreen|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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*** |
*** an offshoot of the Whalebone (1807) branch, the [[Camel (horse)|Camel]] (1822) branch (18 winners exclusively through the [[Touchstone (horse)|Touchstone]] (1831) line), produced [[2005 Kentucky Derby]] winner [[Giacomo (horse)|Giacomo]] through his grandson [[Orlando (horse)|Orlando]]'s (1841) branch.<ref>{{cite web |title=Camel Sire Line |url=http://www.bloodlines.net/TB/Sirelines/Camel.htm |website=bloodlines.net |access-date=May 23, 2021 |archive-date=April 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422180517/http://www.bloodlines.net/TB/Sirelines/Camel.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Himyar's Other Line |url=http://cs.bloodhorse.com/blogs/scot/archive/2008/03/24/himyar-s-other-line.aspx |website=cs.bloodhorse.com |access-date=May 23, 2021 |language=en |archive-date=May 23, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210523032053/http://cs.bloodhorse.com/blogs/scot/archive/2008/03/24/himyar-s-other-line.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref> Since then, each winner of the Kentucky Derby has gone through Whalebone's more frequent sire line branch of Sir Herecules (1826). The Orlando branch (6 winners exclusively through the [[Himyar (horse)|Himyar]] (1875) line) is the less common of the two branches derived through Camel. Orlando's brother [[Newminster (horse)|Newminster]] (1848) produced 12 winners (primarily through the [[Hyperion (horse)|Hyperion]] (1930) line with 8 winners), most recently [[Chateaugay (horse)|Chateaugay]] in [[1963 Kentucky Derby|1963]].<ref name="Chateaugay" /> |
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*** |
*** the Sir Hercules (1826) branch produced two main lines: the primary branch of Birdcatcher (1833), and the secondary branch of [[Faugh-a-Ballagh]] (1841) which produced 12 winners (exclusively through the [[Leamington (horse)|Leamington]] (1853) line), most recently [[1908 Kentucky Derby]] winner [[Stone Street (horse)|Stone Street]].<ref name="Stone Street">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pedigreequery.com/stone+street|title=Stone Street Horse Pedigree|website=pedigreequery.com|access-date=June 27, 2021|archive-date=May 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210521233822/https://www.pedigreequery.com/stone+street|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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*** |
*** the Birdcatcher (1833) branch produced two main lines: the primary branch of The Baron (1842), and the secondary branch of [[Oxford (horse)|Oxford]] (1857) which produced 10 winners (primarily through the [[Swynford]] (1907) line with 8 winners, with his son [[St. Germans (horse)|St. Germans]] producing 5 winners), most recently [[1965 Kentucky Derby]] winner [[Lucky Debonair]].<ref name="Lucky Debonair">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pedigreequery.com/lucky+debonair|title=Lucky Debonair Horse Pedigree|website=pedigreequery.com|access-date=June 27, 2021|archive-date=May 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210521155132/https://www.pedigreequery.com/lucky+debonair|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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*** |
*** the Bend Or (1877) branch produced two main lines: the primary branch of Bona Vista (1889), and the secondary branch of [[Ormonde (horse)|Ormonde]] (1883) which produced 8 winners (exclusively through the [[Teddy (horse)|Teddy]] (1913) line, with his son [[Sir Gallahad]] producing 5 winners, most recently [[Hoop Jr.]] in [[1945 Kentucky Derby|1945]]), most recently [[1957 Kentucky Derby]] winner [[Iron Liege]].<ref name="Iron Liege">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pedigreequery.com/iron+liege|title=Iron Liege Horse Pedigree|website=pedigreequery.com|access-date=June 27, 2021|archive-date=July 31, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210731231153/https://www.pedigreequery.com/iron+liege|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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=== Byerley Turk line === |
=== Byerley Turk line === |
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The [[Byerley Turk]] (1680c) sire line<ref>{{cite web |title=Thoroughbred Bloodlines Sire Lines Byerley Turk |url=http://www.bloodlines.net/TB/Sirelines/ByerleyTurk.htm |website=bloodlines.net |access-date=April 20, 2021 |archive-date=April 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420025902/http://www.bloodlines.net/TB/Sirelines/ByerleyTurk.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Thoroughbred Bloodlines Sire Lines Byerley Turk King Herod |url=http://www.bloodlines.net/TB/Sirelines/Herod.htm |website=bloodlines.net |access-date=April 20, 2021 |archive-date=April 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420025904/http://www.bloodlines.net/TB/Sirelines/Herod.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Selim">{{cite web |title=Thoroughbred Bloodlines Sire Lines Byerley Turk King Herod Buzzard Selim |url=http://www.bloodlines.net/TB/Sirelines/Selim.htm |website=bloodlines.net |access-date=April 20, 2021 |archive-date=April 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420025904/http://www.bloodlines.net/TB/Sirelines/Selim.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> produced 11 winners (8 colts, 3 geldings). The main branches of this sire (all branched through the [[Herod (horse)|Herod]] (1758) line) are: |
The [[Byerley Turk]] (1680c) sire line<ref>{{cite web |title=Thoroughbred Bloodlines Sire Lines Byerley Turk |url=http://www.bloodlines.net/TB/Sirelines/ByerleyTurk.htm |website=bloodlines.net |access-date=April 20, 2021 |archive-date=April 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420025902/http://www.bloodlines.net/TB/Sirelines/ByerleyTurk.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Thoroughbred Bloodlines Sire Lines Byerley Turk King Herod |url=http://www.bloodlines.net/TB/Sirelines/Herod.htm |website=bloodlines.net |access-date=April 20, 2021 |archive-date=April 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420025904/http://www.bloodlines.net/TB/Sirelines/Herod.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Selim">{{cite web |title=Thoroughbred Bloodlines Sire Lines Byerley Turk King Herod Buzzard Selim |url=http://www.bloodlines.net/TB/Sirelines/Selim.htm |website=bloodlines.net |access-date=April 20, 2021 |archive-date=April 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420025904/http://www.bloodlines.net/TB/Sirelines/Selim.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> produced 11 winners (8 colts, 3 geldings). The main branches of this sire (all branched through the [[Herod (horse)|Herod]] (1758) line) are: |
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* |
* the [[Highflyer (horse)|Highflyer]] (1774) branch produced 1 winner, most recently [[Macbeth II]] in [[1888 Kentucky Derby|1888]].<ref name="Macbeth">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pedigreequery.com/macbeth|title=Macbeth Horse Pedigree|website=pedigreequery.com|access-date=April 22, 2021|archive-date=April 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422200215/https://www.pedigreequery.com/macbeth|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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* |
* the [[Florizel]] (1768) branch produced 3 winners (all branched through the [[Lexington (horse)|Lexington]] (1850) line), most recently [[Manuel (American horse)|Manuel]] in [[1899 Kentucky Derby|1899]].<ref name="Lord Murphy">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pedigreequery.com/lord+murphy|title=Lord Murphy Horse Pedigree|website=pedigreequery.com|access-date=April 22, 2021|archive-date=April 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422200210/https://www.pedigreequery.com/lord+murphy|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Apollo">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pedigreequery.com/apollo|title=Apollo Horse Pedigree|website=pedigreequery.com|access-date=April 22, 2021|archive-date=April 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422200215/https://www.pedigreequery.com/apollo|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Manuel">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pedigreequery.com/manuel|title=Manuel Horse Pedigree|website=pedigreequery.com|access-date=April 22, 2021|archive-date=April 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422201722/https://www.pedigreequery.com/manuel|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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* |
* the [[Woodpecker (horse)|Woodpecker]] (1773) branch produced 7 winners (all branched through the [[Buzzard (horse)|Buzzard]] (1787) line). The main branches of this sire line are: |
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** |
** the [[Castrel (horse)|Castrel]] (1801) branch produced 1 winner, most recently [[Kingman (horse)|Kingman]] in [[1891 Kentucky Derby|1891]].<ref name="Kingman">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pedigreequery.com/kingman|title=Kingman Horse Pedigree|website=pedigreequery.com|access-date=April 22, 2021|archive-date=April 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422160819/https://www.pedigreequery.com/kingman|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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** |
** the [[Selim (horse)|Selim]] (1802) branch produced 6 winners (all branched through the [[Glencoe I|Glencoe]] (1831) line). The main branches of this sire line are: |
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*** |
*** the [[Star Davis (horse)|Star Davis]] (1849) branch produced 1 winner, most recently [[Day Star]] in [[1878 Kentucky Derby|1878]].<ref name="Day Star">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pedigreequery.com/day+star|title=Day Star Horse Pedigree|website=pedigreequery.com|access-date=April 22, 2021|archive-date=April 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422200211/https://www.pedigreequery.com/day%20star|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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*** |
*** the [[Vandal (horse)|Vandal]] (1850) branch produced 5 winners (all branched through the [[Virgil (racehorse)|Virgil]] (1864) line), most recently [[Alan-a-Dale (horse)|Alan-a-Dale]] in [[1902 Kentucky Derby|1902]].<ref name="Vagrant">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pedigreequery.com/vagrant|title=Vagrant Horse Pedigree|website=pedigreequery.com|access-date=April 22, 2021|archive-date=April 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422200213/https://www.pedigreequery.com/vagrant|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Hindoo">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pedigreequery.com/hindoo|title=Hindoo Horse Pedigree|website=pedigreequery.com|access-date=April 22, 2021|archive-date=April 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422200225/https://www.pedigreequery.com/hindoo|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Ben Ali">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pedigreequery.com/ben+ali|title=Ben Ali Horse Pedigree|website=pedigreequery.com|access-date=April 22, 2021|archive-date=April 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422200214/https://www.pedigreequery.com/ben+ali|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Halma">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pedigreequery.com/halma|title=Halma Horse Pedigree|website=pedigreequery.com|access-date=April 22, 2021|archive-date=April 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422200212/https://www.pedigreequery.com/halma|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Alan-a-Dale">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pedigreequery.com/alan-a-dale|title=Alan-a-dale Horse Pedigree|website=pedigreequery.com|access-date=April 22, 2021|archive-date=April 20, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420095717/https://www.pedigreequery.com/alan-a-dale|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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=== Godolphin Arabian line === |
=== Godolphin Arabian line === |
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The [[Godolphin Arabian]] (1724c) sire line<ref>{{cite web |title=Matchem Sire Line |url=http://www.bloodlines.net/TB/Sirelines/Matchem.htm |website=bloodlines.net |access-date=April 20, 2021 |archive-date=February 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226063340/http://www.bloodlines.net/TB/Sirelines/Matchem.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> produced 7 winners (6 colts, 1 gelding).<ref name="KDSL" /> The main branches of this sire (all branched through the [[West Australian (horse)|West Australian]] (1850) line) are: |
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* the [[Solon (horse)|Solon]] (1861) branch produced 3 winners, including: |
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**the [[Barcaldine (horse)|Barcaldine]] (1878) branch produced 1 winner, most recently [[Omar Khayyam (horse)|Omar Khayyam]] in [[1917 Kentucky Derby|1917]]<ref name="Omar Khayyam">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pedigreequery.com/omar+khayyam|title=Omar Khayyam Horse Pedigree|website=pedigreequery.com|access-date=April 22, 2021|archive-date=April 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422200213/https://www.pedigreequery.com/omar+khayyam|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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**the [[Arbitrator (horse)|Arbitrator]] (1874) branch produced 2 winners (all branched through [[The Finn]] (1912) line), most recently [[Flying Ebony]] in [[1925 Kentucky Derby|1925]]<ref name="Zev">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pedigreequery.com/zev|title=Zev Horse Pedigree|website=pedigreequery.com|access-date=April 22, 2021|archive-date=April 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422200216/https://www.pedigreequery.com/zev|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Flying Ebony">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pedigreequery.com/flying+ebony|title=Flying Ebony Horse Pedigree|website=pedigreequery.com|access-date=April 22, 2021|archive-date=April 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422200223/https://www.pedigreequery.com/flying+ebony|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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* the [[Australian (horse)|Australian]] (1858) branch produced 4 winners, including: |
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** [[Baden-Baden]] (1874), winner of the [[1877 Kentucky Derby]]<ref name="Baden-Baden">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pedigreequery.com/baden-baden|title=Baden-baden Horse Pedigree|website=pedigreequery.com|access-date=April 22, 2021|archive-date=April 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422200220/https://www.pedigreequery.com/baden-baden|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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**the [[Waverly (horse)|Waverly]] (1870) branch produced 1 winner, most recently [[Montrose (horse)|Montrose]] in [[1887 Kentucky Derby|1887]]<ref name="Montrose">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pedigreequery.com/montrose|title=Montrose Horse Pedigree|website=pedigreequery.com|access-date=April 22, 2021|archive-date=April 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422200211/https://www.pedigreequery.com/montrose|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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**the [[Spendthrift (horse)|Spendthrift]] (1876) branch produced 2 winners (all branched through the [[Man o' War]] (1917) line), most recently [[War Admiral]] in [[1937 Kentucky Derby|1937]]<ref name="Clyde Van Dusen">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pedigreequery.com/clyde+van+dusen|title=Clyde Van Dusen Horse Pedigree|website=pedigreequery.com|access-date=April 22, 2021|archive-date=April 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422200218/https://www.pedigreequery.com/clyde+van+dusen|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="War Admiral">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pedigreequery.com/war+admiral|title=War Admiral Horse Pedigree|website=pedigreequery.com|access-date=April 22, 2021|archive-date=April 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421073515/https://www.pedigreequery.com/war+admiral|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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=== Kentucky Derby winners with male-line descendants including other Kentucky Derby winners === |
=== Kentucky Derby winners with male-line descendants including other Kentucky Derby winners === |
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* [[Northern Dancer]] ([[1964 Kentucky Derby|1964 winner]]) – |
* [[Northern Dancer]] ([[1964 Kentucky Derby|1964 winner]]) – 8 colts; most recently [[Mystik Dan]] ([[2024 Kentucky Derby|2024]])<ref name="Ferdinand">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pedigreequery.com/ferdinand|title=Ferdinand Horse Pedigree|website=pedigreequery.com|access-date=April 19, 2021|archive-date=April 19, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419043010/https://www.pedigreequery.com/ferdinand|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Sea Hero">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pedigreequery.com/sea+hero|title=Sea Hero Horse Pedigree|website=pedigreequery.com|access-date=April 19, 2021|archive-date=April 19, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419043007/https://www.pedigreequery.com/sea+hero|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Charismatic">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pedigreequery.com/charismatic2|title=Charismatic Horse Pedigree|website=pedigreequery.com|access-date=April 19, 2021|archive-date=April 19, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419043007/https://www.pedigreequery.com/charismatic2|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Big Brown">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pedigreequery.com/big+brown|title=Big Brown Horse Pedigree|website=pedigreequery.com|access-date=April 19, 2021|archive-date=April 19, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419043005/https://www.pedigreequery.com/big+brown|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Justify">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pedigreequery.com/justify11|title=Justify Horse Pedigree|website=pedigreequery.com|access-date=April 19, 2021|archive-date=April 19, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419043010/https://www.pedigreequery.com/justify11|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Authentic">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pedigreequery.com/authentic14|title=Authentic Horse Pedigree|website=pedigreequery.com|access-date=April 19, 2021|archive-date=April 19, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419043005/https://www.pedigreequery.com/authentic14|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Medina Spirit">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pedigreequery.com/mandaloun|title=Mandaloun Horse Pedigree|website=pedigreequery.com|access-date=May 7, 2022|archive-date=March 26, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326033949/https://www.pedigreequery.com/mandaloun|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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* [[Ben Brush]] ([[1896 Kentucky Derby|1896 winner]]) – 3 winners (2 colts, 1 filly); most recently [[Whiskery]] ([[1927 Kentucky Derby|1927]])<ref name=Pot8/><ref name= |
* [[Ben Brush]] ([[1896 Kentucky Derby|1896 winner]]) – 3 winners (2 colts, 1 filly); most recently [[Whiskery]] ([[1927 Kentucky Derby|1927]])<ref name=Pot8/><ref name="Meridian">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pedigreequery.com/meridian|title=Meridian Horse Pedigree|website=pedigreequery.com|access-date=April 24, 2021|archive-date=April 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424152459/https://www.pedigreequery.com/meridian|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Regret">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pedigreequery.com/regret|title=Regret Horse Pedigree|website=pedigreequery.com|access-date=April 24, 2021|archive-date=April 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424152458/https://www.pedigreequery.com/regret|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Whiskery">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pedigreequery.com/whiskery|title=Whiskery Horse Pedigree|website=pedigreequery.com|access-date=April 24, 2021|archive-date=April 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424152459/https://www.pedigreequery.com/whiskery|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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* [[Seattle Slew]] ([[1977 Kentucky Derby|1977 winner]]) – 3 colts; most recently [[California Chrome]] ([[2014 Kentucky Derby|2014]])<ref name="Swale">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pedigreequery.com/swale|title=Swale Horse Pedigree|website=pedigreequery.com|access-date=April 19, 2021|archive-date=May 10, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220510032541/https://www.pedigreequery.com/swale|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Orb">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pedigreequery.com/orb7|title=Orb Horse Pedigree|website=pedigreequery.com|access-date=April 19, 2021|archive-date=April 19, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419133822/https://www.pedigreequery.com/orb7|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="California Chrome">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pedigreequery.com/california+chrome|title=California Chrome Horse Pedigree|website=pedigreequery.com|access-date=April 19, 2021|archive-date=April 19, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419133822/https://www.pedigreequery.com/california+chrome|url-status=live}}</ref> |
* [[Seattle Slew]] ([[1977 Kentucky Derby|1977 winner]]) – 3 colts; most recently [[California Chrome]] ([[2014 Kentucky Derby|2014]])<ref name="Swale">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pedigreequery.com/swale|title=Swale Horse Pedigree|website=pedigreequery.com|access-date=April 19, 2021|archive-date=May 10, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220510032541/https://www.pedigreequery.com/swale|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Orb">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pedigreequery.com/orb7|title=Orb Horse Pedigree|website=pedigreequery.com|access-date=April 19, 2021|archive-date=April 19, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419133822/https://www.pedigreequery.com/orb7|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="California Chrome">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pedigreequery.com/california+chrome|title=California Chrome Horse Pedigree|website=pedigreequery.com|access-date=April 19, 2021|archive-date=April 19, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419133822/https://www.pedigreequery.com/california+chrome|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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* [[Unbridled]] ([[1990 Kentucky Derby|1990 winner]]) – 3 winners (2 colts, 1 gelding); most recently [[American Pharoah]] ([[2015 Kentucky Derby|2015]])<ref name="Grindstone">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pedigreequery.com/grindstone|title=Grindstone Horse Pedigree|website=pedigreequery.com|access-date=April 19, 2021|archive-date=April 19, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419140312/https://www.pedigreequery.com/grindstone|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Mine That Bird">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pedigreequery.com/mine+that+bird|title=Mine That Bird Horse Pedigree|website=pedigreequery.com|access-date=April 19, 2021|archive-date=April 19, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419140306/https://www.pedigreequery.com/mine+that+bird|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="American Pharoah">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pedigreequery.com/american+pharoah|title=American Pharoah Horse Pedigree|website=pedigreequery.com|access-date=April 19, 2021|archive-date=April 19, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419140304/https://www.pedigreequery.com/american+pharoah|url-status=live}}</ref> |
* [[Unbridled]] ([[1990 Kentucky Derby|1990 winner]]) – 3 winners (2 colts, 1 gelding); most recently [[American Pharoah]] ([[2015 Kentucky Derby|2015]])<ref name="Grindstone">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pedigreequery.com/grindstone|title=Grindstone Horse Pedigree|website=pedigreequery.com|access-date=April 19, 2021|archive-date=April 19, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419140312/https://www.pedigreequery.com/grindstone|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Mine That Bird">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pedigreequery.com/mine+that+bird|title=Mine That Bird Horse Pedigree|website=pedigreequery.com|access-date=April 19, 2021|archive-date=April 19, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419140306/https://www.pedigreequery.com/mine+that+bird|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="American Pharoah">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pedigreequery.com/american+pharoah|title=American Pharoah Horse Pedigree|website=pedigreequery.com|access-date=April 19, 2021|archive-date=April 19, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419140304/https://www.pedigreequery.com/american+pharoah|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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==Further reading== |
==Further reading== |
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* {{cite book |first=James C. |last=Nicholson |title=The Kentucky Derby: How the Run for the Roses Became America's Premier Sporting Event |location=Lexington, Kentucky |publisher=University Press of Kentucky |year=2012}} |
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* David Domine, ''Insiders' Guide to Louisville.'' Guilford, Connecticut: Globe-Pequot Press, 2010. |
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* James C. Nicholson, ''The Kentucky Derby: How the Run for the Roses Became America's Premier Sporting Event.'' Lexington, Kentucky: University Press of Kentucky, 2012. |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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* {{official website|https://www.kentuckyderby.com/}} |
* {{official website|https://www.kentuckyderby.com/}} |
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* [https://www.derbymuseum.org/ Kentucky Derby Museum] |
* [https://www.derbymuseum.org/ Kentucky Derby Museum] |
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* [https://www.courier-journal.com |
* [https://www.courier-journal.com/kentucky-derby The ''Courier-Journal''{{'}}s Derby Site] |
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* [https://pastthewire.com/blog-posts/the-history-of-the-kentucky-derby/ History of the Kentucky Derby] |
* [https://pastthewire.com/blog-posts/the-history-of-the-kentucky-derby/ History of the Kentucky Derby] |
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* [https:// |
* [https://www.drf.com/derby-watch Kentucky Derby News] from [[DRF]] |
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* [https://www.drf.com/derby-watch Kentucky Derby News] |
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{{Kentucky Derby|state=collapsed}} |
{{Kentucky Derby|state=collapsed}} |
Grade I race | |
Location | Churchill Downs Louisville, Kentucky, U.S. |
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Inaugurated | May 17, 1875 (149 years ago) (1875-05-17) |
Race type | Thoroughbred |
Sponsor | Woodford Reserve[1] (Brown–Forman) |
Website | kentuckyderby.com |
Race information | |
Distance | 1+1⁄4 miles (10 furlongs; 2 km) |
Record | 1:59.4, Secretariat (1973) more |
Surface | Dirt |
Track | Left-handed |
Qualification | 3-year-old |
Weight | Colt/Gelding: 126 lbs (57.2 kg) Filly: 121 lb (55 kg) |
Purse | US$5 million[2] 1st: $3.1 million |
The Kentucky Derby (/ˈdɜːrbi/) is an American Grade I stakes race run at Churchill DownsinLouisville, Kentucky. The race is run by three-year-old Thoroughbreds at a distance of 1+1⁄4 miles (10 furlongs; 2,012 metres). Colts and geldings carry 126 pounds (57 kilograms) and fillies 121 pounds (55 kilograms).[3]
Held annually on the first Saturday in May, the Derby is the first leg of the Triple Crown. It is preceded by the two-week-long Kentucky Derby Festival.[4] The race is known as "The Run for the Roses", as the winning horse is draped in a blanket of roses.[5][6] Lasting approximately two minutes, the Derby has been alternately called "The Most Exciting Two Minutes in Sports",[7][8] "The Fastest Two Minutes in Sports",[9][10] or "The Greatest Two Minutes in Sports", coined by Churchill Downs president Matt Winn.[11][12] At least two of these descriptions are thought to be derived from the words of sportswriter Grantland Rice, when in 1935 he said "Those two minutes and a second or so of derby running carry more emotional thrills, per second, than anything sport can show."[6][13]
The race was first run in 1875. Unlike the other, older races of the Triple Crown—the Preakness Stakes and the Belmont Stakes—along with the Travers Stakes (the oldest comparable stakes race in the US), the Kentucky Derby and its sibling race, the Kentucky Oaks, have been run every year since inception. They were twice rescheduled within the same year, the first time due to World War IIin1945, and the second time due to the COVID-19 pandemicin2020. The Derby and the Oaks are the oldest major sporting events in the US held annually since their beginning.[5][14] Among thoroughbred stakes races, they are the oldest that have been held annually on the same track every year.[5]
The Derby is the most-watched and most-attended horse race in the United States. The 2024 Kentucky Derby marked the 150th running of the race.
In 1872, Col. Meriwether Lewis Clark Jr., grandson of William Clark of the Lewis and Clark expedition, traveled to England, visiting Epsom in Surrey where The Derby had been running annually since 1780.[15] From there, Clark went on to Paris, France, where a group of racing enthusiasts had formed the French Jockey Club in 1863. They had organized the Grand Prix de ParisatLongchamp, which at the time was the greatest race in France. Returning home to Kentucky, Clark organized the Louisville Jockey Club to raise money for building quality racing facilities just outside the city. The track would soon become known as Churchill Downs, named for John and Henry Churchill, who provided the land for the racetrack.[16] The naming went official in 1937.[17]
The Kentucky Derby was first run at 1+1⁄2 miles (12furlongs; 2.4 km) the same distance as the Epsom Derby, before changing lengths in 1896 to its current 1+1⁄4 miles (10 furlongs; 2 km). On May 17, 1875, in front of an estimated crowd of 10,000 people, a field of 15 three-year-old horses contested the first Derby. Under jockey Oliver Lewis, a colt named Aristides, who was trained by future Hall of Famer Ansel Williamson, won the inaugural Derby. Later that year, Lewis rode Aristides to a second-place finish in the Belmont Stakes.
Initially a successful venue, the track ran into financial difficulties due to a protracted, gambling-related horseman boycott removing it from the upper echelons of racing that would last until just after the turn of the 20th century. In 1894 the New Louisville Jockey Club was incorporated with the new capitalization and improved facilities. Despite this, the business floundered until 1902, when a syndicate led by Col. Matt Winn of Louisville acquired the facility. Under Winn, Churchill Downs prospered, and the Kentucky Derby then became the preeminent stakes race for three-year-old thoroughbred horses in North America.[18]
Thoroughbred owners began sending their successful Derby horses to compete in two other races. These two are the Preakness Stakes at the Pimlico Race Course, in Baltimore, and the Belmont StakesinElmont, New York. The three races offered large purses, and in 1919, Sir Barton became the first horse to win all three races. However, the term "Triple Crown" did not come into use for another eleven years. In 1930, when Gallant Fox became the second horse to win all three races, sportswriter Charles Hatton brought the phrase into American usage. Fueled by the media, public interest in the possibility of a "superhorse" that could win the Triple Crown began in the weeks leading up to the Derby. Two years after the term went in use, the race (until that time ran in mid-May since inception) changed the date to the first Saturday in May. This change allows for a specific schedule for the Triple Crown races. Since 1931, the order of Triple Crown races has been the Kentucky Derby first, followed by the Preakness Stakes and then the Belmont Stakes. Before 1931, eleven times the Preakness was run before the Derby. On May 12, 1917, and again on May 13, 1922, the Preakness and the Derby took place on the same day. On eleven occasions the Belmont Stakes was run before the Preakness Stakes, and in 2020, the Belmont was run first, then the Kentucky Derby, and the Preakness Stakes last.
On May 16, 1925, the first live radio broadcast of the Kentucky Derby aired on WHAS as well as on WGN in Chicago.[19] On May 7, 1949, the first television coverage of the Kentucky Derby took place, produced by WAVE-TV, the NBC affiliate in Louisville. This coverage was aired live in the Louisville market and sent to NBC as a kinescope newsreel recording for national broadcast. On May 3, 1952, the first national television coverage of the Kentucky Derby took place, aired from then-CBS affiliate WHAS-TV.[20] In 1954, the purse exceeded US$100,000 for the first time. In 1968, Dancer's Image became the first horse to win the race and then face disqualification. A urine test revealed traces of phenylbutazone (ananti-inflammatory painkiller drug) inside Dancer's Image. Forward Pass won after a protracted legal battle by the owners of Dancer's Image (which they lost). Forward Pass thus became the eighth winner for Calumet Farm. Unexpectedly, the regulations at Kentucky thoroughbred race tracks were changed some years later, allowing horses to run on phenylbutazone. In 1970, Diane Crump became the first female jockey to ride in the Derby, finishing 15th aboard Fathom.[21]
The fastest time ever run in the Derby was in 1973 at 1:59.4 minutes, when Secretariat broke the record set by Northern Dancerin1964. Also during that race, Secretariat did something unique in Triple Crown races: for each successive quarter run, his times were faster. Although the races do not record times for non-winners, in 1973 Sham finished second, two and a half lengths behind Secretariat in the same race. Using the thoroughbred racing convention of one length equaling one-fifth of a second to calculate Sham's time, he also finished in under two minutes. Another sub-two-minute finish, only the third, was set in 2001byMonarchos at 1:59.97, the first year the race used hundredths of seconds instead of fifths in timing.[22]
In 2005, the purse distribution for the Derby changed, so that horses finishing fifth would henceforth receive a share of the purse; previously only the first four finishers did so.[23]
The Kentucky Derby began offering $3 million in purse money in 2019. Churchill Downs officials have cited the success of historical race wagering terminals at their Derby City Gaming facility in Louisville as a factor behind the purse increase. The Derby first offered a $1 million purse in 1996; it was doubled to $2 million in 2005.[24]
In 2020, the Derby was postponed from May 2 to September 5 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[25] This was the second time in history the race had been postponed, the other being in 1945.[5] Churchill Downs used a new singular 20-stall starting gate for the 2020 Kentucky Derby, replacing the previous arrangement that used a standard 14-stall gate and an auxiliary six-stall gate.[26] The old setup contributed to congestion at the start of the race, especially in the gap between the two gates.[26]
Rich Strike, a reserve who only made it into the final field after a late scratching, won the race in 2022 at final odds of 80:1 and parimutuel betting payouts were even larger.[27]
In January 2024, the purse for the Kentucky Derby was increased to $5 million.[2]
Millions of people from around the world bet at various live tracks and online sportsbooks.[28] In 2017, a crowd of 158,070 watched Always Dreaming win the Derby, making it the seventh biggest attendance in the history of the racetrack. The track reported a wagering total of $209.2 million from all the sources on all the races on the Kentucky Derby Day program. It was a 9 percent increase compared to the total of $192.6 million in 2016 and an increase of 8 percent over the previous record set in 2015 of $194.3 million.[29] TwinSpires, a platform for betting online and a partner of the Kentucky Derby and the Breeders' Cup, recorded $32.8 million in handle on the Churchill Down races for the Kentucky Derby Day program. This record was a 22 percent increase over the preceding year. On the Kentucky Derby race alone, the handle of TwinSpires was $20.1 million, which is a 22 percent rise compared to the prior year.[30]
The race often draws celebrities. HM Queen Elizabeth II, on a visit to the United States, joined the racegoers at Churchill Downs in 2007.[31]
The 2004 Kentucky Derby marked the first time that jockeys—as a result of a court order—were allowed to wear corporate advertising logos on their clothing.[32][33]
Norman Adams has been the designer of the Kentucky Derby Logo since 2002. On February 1, 2006, the Louisville-based fast-food company Yum! Brands, Inc. announced a corporate sponsorship deal to call the race "The Kentucky Derby presented by Yum! Brands."[34] In 2018, Woodford Reserve replaced Yum! Brands as the presenting sponsor.[1]
In addition to the race itself, several traditions play a significant role in the Derby atmosphere. The mint julep—an iced drink consisting of bourbon, mint, and sugar syrup—is the traditional beverage of the race. The historic beverage comes served in an ice-frosted silver julep cup. However, most Churchill Downs patrons sip theirs from souvenir glasses (first offered in 1939 and available in revised form each year since) printed with all previous Derby winners.[35] Also, burgoo, a thick stew of beef, chicken, pork, and vegetables, is a popular Kentucky dish served at the Derby.[36]
The infield—a spectator area inside the track—offers general admission prices but little chance of seeing much of the race, particularly before the jumbotron installation in 2014.[37][38] Instead, revelers show up in the infield to party with abandon. By contrast, "Millionaire's Row" refers to the expensive box seats that attract the rich, the famous and the well-connected. Women appear in elegant outfits lavishly accessorized with large, elaborate hats. Following the Call to the Post played on bugle by Steve Buttleman, as the horses start to parade before the grandstands, the University of Louisville Cardinal Marching Band plays Stephen Foster's "My Old Kentucky Home". This song is a tradition which began in 1921.[39] The event attracts spectators from a large area, flying in hundreds of private aircraft to Louisville International Airport.[40]
The Derby is frequently referred to as "The Run for the Roses", because a lush blanket of 554 red roses is awarded to the Kentucky Derby winner each year.[41] New York sports columnist and future Churchill Downs president Bill Corum in 1925 began describing the race thusly,[6] but the tradition originated in 1883 when New York City socialite E. Berry Wall presented roses to ladies at a post-Derby party. The Churchill Downs founder and president, Col. Meriwether Lewis Clark Jr., attended that event. This gesture is believed to have led Clark to the idea of making the rose the race's official flower. However, it was not until 1896 that any recorded account referred to draping roses on the Derby winner.[41] The Governor of Kentucky and the Chairman of Churchill Downs Incorporated present the garland and the Kentucky Derby Trophy to the winner. Pop vocalist Dan Fogelberg composed the song "Run for the Roses", released in time for the 1980 running of the race.[42]
"Riders Up!" is the traditional command from the Paddock Judge for jockeys to mount their horses in advance of the upcoming race. Since 2012, the grand marshal recites this phrase.
Grand marshals
In the weeks preceding the race, numerous activities took place for the Kentucky Derby Festival. Thunder Over Louisville—an airshow and fireworks display—generally begins the festivities in earnest two weeks before the Derby.
Secretariat set the record for speed in 1973 with a time of 1:59.4. During its first two decades when the Derby was run at 1+1⁄2 miles, the record was 2:34.5, set by Spokane in 1889.
The largest margin of victory is 8 lengths, a feat tied by four different horses: Old Rosebud in 1914, Johnstown in 1939, Whirlaway in 1941, and Assault in 1946.
The highest odds of a winning horse were 91 to 1 for Donerail in 1913. The second-highest odds occurred in 2022, when Rich Strike went off at 80 to 1 and won the race.
Three horses have won the Kentucky Derby without competing as a two-year-old: Apollo (1882), Justify (2018), and Mage (2023).[43]
107 jockeys have won the Kentucky Derby, with 27 doing so multiple times. Isaac Murphy (1890–91), Jimmy Winkfield (1901–02), Ron Turcotte (1972–73), Eddie Delahoussaye (1982–83), Calvin Borel (2009–10), and Victor Espinoza (2014–15) are the only jockeys to win the Derby in back-to-back years. Borel is the only jockey with three wins in a four-year span (2007, '09, '10).[44]
Jockey | Wins | Mounts | Years Won |
---|---|---|---|
Eddie Arcaro | 5 | 21 | 1938, 1941, 1945, 1948, 1952 |
Bill Hartack | 12 | 1957, 1960, 1962, 1964, 1969 | |
Bill Shoemaker | 4 | 26 | 1955, 1959, 1965, 1986 |
Isaac Murphy | 3 | 11 | 1884, 1890, 1891 |
Earl Sande | 8 | 1923, 1925, 1930 | |
Ángel Cordero Jr. | 17 | 1974, 1976, 1985 | |
Gary Stevens | 22 | 1988, 1995, 1997 | |
Kent Desormeaux | 22 | 1998, 2000, 2008 | |
Calvin Borel | 12 | 2007, 2009, 2010 | |
Victor Espinoza | 10 | 2002, 2014, 2015 | |
John Velazquez | 24 | 2011, 2017, 2020 | |
Willie Simms | 2 | 2 | 1896, 1898 |
Jimmy Winkfield | 4 | 1901, 1902 | |
Johnny Loftus | 6 | 1916, 1919 | |
Albert Johnson | 7 | 1922, 1926 | |
Linus McAtee | 7 | 1927, 1929 | |
Charley Kurtsinger | 4 | 1931, 1937 | |
Conn McCreary | 10 | 1944, 1951 | |
Ismael Valenzuela | 8 | 1958, 1968 | |
Ron Turcotte | 5 | 1972, 1973 | |
Jacinto Vásquez | 8 | 1975, 1980 | |
Eddie Delahoussaye | 13 | 1982, 1983 | |
Chris McCarron | 18 | 1987, 1994 | |
Chris Antley | 17 | 1991, 1999 | |
Jerry Bailey | 8 | 1993, 1996 | |
Mike Smith | 28 | 2005, 2018 | |
Mario Gutierrez | 3 | 2012, 2016 |
116 trainers have won the Kentucky Derby, with 19 doing so multiple times. Six trainers have won the Derby in back-to-back years: Herbert J. Thompson (1932–33), Ben Jones (1948–49), Jimmy Jones (1957–58), Lucien Laurin (1972–73), D. Wayne Lukas (1995–96), and Bob Baffert (1997–98).
Trainer | Wins | Starts | Years Won |
---|---|---|---|
Ben Jones | 6 | 11 | 1938, 1941, 1944, 1948, 1949, 1952 |
Bob Baffert | 24 | 1997, 1998, 2002, 2015, 2018, 2020 | |
Herbert J. Thompson | 4 | 26 | 1921, 1926, 1932, 1933 |
D. Wayne Lukas | 49 | 1988, 1995, 1996, 1999 | |
James Fitzsimmons | 3 | 11 | 1930, 1935, 1939 |
Max Hirsch | 14 | 1936, 1946, 1950 | |
James Rowe Sr. | 2 | 17 | 1881, 1915 |
Jimmy Jones | 4 | 1957, 1958 | |
Horatio Luro | 4 | 1962, 1964 | |
Henry Forrest | 2 | 1966, 1968 | |
Lucien Laurin | 5 | 1972, 1973 | |
Laz Barrera | 5 | 1976, 1978 | |
LeRoy Jolley | 13 | 1975, 1980 | |
Woody Stephens | 14 | 1974, 1984 | |
Charlie Whittingham | 7 | 1986, 1989 | |
Nick Zito | 26 | 1991, 1994 | |
Carl Nafzger | 3 | 1990, 2007 | |
Doug O'Neill | 8 | 2012, 2016 | |
Todd Pletcher | 62 | 2010, 2017 |
Seventeen owners have won the Kentucky Derby multiple times with horses they fully or partially owned.
Owner | Wins | Starts | Years Won |
---|---|---|---|
Calumet Farm | 8 | 28 | 1941, 1944, 1948, 1949, 1952, 1957, 1958, 1968 |
Edward R. Bradley | 4 | 28 | 1921, 1926, 1932, 1933 |
Belair Stud | 3 | 8 | 1930, 1935, 1939 |
Bashford Manor Stable | 2 | 11 | 1892, 1906 |
Harry Payne Whitney | 19 | 1915, 1927 | |
Greentree Stable | 19 | 1931, 1942 | |
Fannie Hertz | 3 | 1928, 1943 | |
King Ranch | 5 | 1946, 1950 | |
Darby Dan Farm | 7 | 1963, 1967 | |
Meadow Stable | 4 | 1972, 1973 | |
Arthur B. Hancock III* | 6 | 1982, 1989 | |
William J. Condren* | 4 | 1991, 1994 | |
Joseph M. Cornacchia* | 3 | 1991, 1994 | |
Bob & Beverly Lewis | 9 | 1997, 1999 | |
J. Paul Reddam | 7 | 2012, 2016 | |
WinStar Farm* | 23 | 2010, 2018 | |
Starlight Racing* | 13 | 2018, 2020 |
* Partnered with other entities in an ownership group for one or more winning horses.
Jockeys, trainers, and owners competing in the Kentucky Derby often will compete in the Kentucky Oaks, a race for fillies held the day before the Derby. Winning both these races in the same year is referred to as an "Oaks/Derby Double;" 7 jockeys, 3 trainers, and 4 owners have accomplished this feat:
Year | Kentucky Oaks Winner | Kentucky Derby Winner | Jockey | Trainer | Owner |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2024 | Thorpedo Anna | Mystik Dan | Brian Hernandez Jr. | Kenneth G. McPeek | different |
2018 | Monomoy Girl | Justify | different | different | Head of Plains Partners/Monomoy Stables |
2009 | Rachel Alexandra | Mine That Bird | Calvin Borel | different | different |
1993 | Dispute | Sea Hero | Jerry Bailey | different | different |
1966 | Native Sunset | Kauai King | Don Brumfield | different | different |
1952 | Real Delight | Hill Gail | Eddie Arcaro | Ben Jones | Calumet Farm |
1950 | Ari's Mona | Middleground | Bill Boland | different | different |
1949 | Wistful | Ponder | different | Ben Jones | different |
1933* | Barn Swallow | Brokers Tip | Don Meade | Herbert J. Thompson | Edward R. Bradley |
1884* | Modesty | Buchanan | Isaac Murphy | different | different |
*Until the 1950s, the Oaks was held several days or weeks after the Derby.
Triple Crown winners are in bold and highlighted with gold.
# Designates a filly.
† Designates a horse that won American Horse of the Year in the same year they won the Derby.
‡ Designates a horse that was inducted in subsequent years into the National Racing Hall of Fame.
Winners of the Kentucky Derby can be connected to each other due to the practice of arranging horse breeding based on their previous success. All of the horses can be traced back to the three foundational sires, with Godolphin Arabian the ancestor of 7 winners, Byerley Turk the ancestor of 11 winners, and Darley Arabian the ancestor of 132 winners, including all winners since 1938.
The Darley Arabian (1700c) sire line (all branched through the Eclipse (1764) line)[47] produced 132 Derby winners (124 colts, 5 geldings, 3 fillies), including all winners from 1938 to present.[48] The main branches of this sire line are:
The Byerley Turk (1680c) sire line[65][66][67] produced 11 winners (8 colts, 3 geldings). The main branches of this sire (all branched through the Herod (1758) line) are:
The Godolphin Arabian (1724c) sire line[79] produced 7 winners (6 colts, 1 gelding).[48] The main branches of this sire (all branched through the West Australian (1850) line) are:
The Festival blasts off each year with the Opening Ceremonies – Thunder Over Louisville, one of the nation's largest annual fireworks extravaganzas! The ensuing two weeks of excitement and entertainment promise something for everyone.
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