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(Top)
 


1 History  



1.1  New Copenhagen  





1.2  Creating the square  





1.3  Early buildings  







2 Features  



2.1  Equestrian statue  





2.2  Krinsen garden complex  





2.3  Old kiosk  







3 Surrounding buildings  



3.1  Nyhavn to Holmens kanal  





3.2  Nyhavn to Gothersgade  





3.3  Gothersgad to Holmens Kanale  







4 Use  



4.1  Outdoor exhibition space  





4.2  Ice skating rink  





4.3  High school graduation celebrations  







5 References  





6 Bibliography  





7 External links  














Kongens Nytorv: Difference between revisions






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Coordinates: 55°4049N 12°359E / 55.68028°N 12.58583°E / 55.68028; 12.58583

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{{distinguish|Nytorv}}

{{Short description|Public square in Copenhagen, Denmark}}

{{Infobox street

{{Infobox street

| name = Kongens Nytorv

| name = Kongens Nytorv

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| coordinates = {{coord|55|40|49|N|12|34|9|E}}

| coordinates = {{coord|55|40|49|N|12|34|9|E}}

}}

}}

[[File:Kongens Nytorv (The King's New Square).jpg|thumb|324x324px|Aerial image of the square]]

'''Kongens Nytorv''' ([[literal translation|lit.]] "The King's New Square") is a [[town square|public square]] in [[Copenhagen]], [[Denmark]], centrally located at the end of the [[Pedestrian zone|pedestrian street]] [[Strøget]]. The largest square of the city, it was laid out by [[Christian V of Denmark|Christian V]] in 1670 in connection with a major extension of the fortified city, and has an [[equestrian statue]] of him at its centre. The initiative moved the centre of the city from the medieval area around [[Gammeltorv]], at that time a muddy medieval [[marketplace]], to a [[cobblestone|cobble]]d new square with a garden complex, inspired by the Royal city planning seen in [[Paris]] from the early 17th century.<ref name="Kongens Nytorv">{{cite web|url=http://www.kobenhavnshistorie.dk/bog/kko/k/kko_k-27.html|title=Kongens Nytorv|publisher=Selskabet for Københavns Historie|accessdate=2009-08-25}}</ref>

'''Kongens Nytorv''' ([[literal translation|lit.]] "The King's New Square") is a [[town square|public square]] in [[Copenhagen]], [[Denmark]], centrally located at the end of the [[Pedestrian zone|pedestrian street]] [[Strøget]]. The largest square of the city, it was laid out by [[Christian V of Denmark|Christian V]] in 1670 in connection with a major extension of the fortified city, and has an [[equestrian statue]] of him at its centre. The initiative moved the centre of the city from the medieval area around [[Gammeltorv]], at that time a muddy medieval [[marketplace]], to a [[cobblestone|cobble]]d new square with a garden complex, inspired by the Royal city planning seen in [[Paris]] from the early 17th century.<ref name="Kongens Nytorv">{{cite web|url=http://www.kobenhavnshistorie.dk/bog/kko/k/kko_k-27.html|title=Kongens Nytorv|publisher=Selskabet for Københavns Historie|access-date=2009-08-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071022003721/http://www.kobenhavnshistorie.dk/bog/kko/k/kko_k-27.html|archive-date=2007-10-22|url-status=dead}}</ref>



Important buildings facing the square include the [[Royal Danish Theater]] from 1874, the [[Charlottenborg Palace]] from 1671 (now the [[Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts]]), the [[Embassy of France in Copenhagen#Thott Palace|Thott Palace]] from 1683 (now the [[Embassy of France in Copenhagen|French Embassy]]), the [[Hotel D'Angleterre]] and the [[Magasin du Nord]] department store.

Important buildings facing the square include the [[Royal Danish Theater]] from 1874, the [[Charlottenborg Palace]] from 1671 (now the [[Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts]]), the [[Embassy of France in Copenhagen#Thott Palace|Thott Palace]] from 1683 (now the [[Embassy of France in Copenhagen|French Embassy]]), the [[Hotel D'Angleterre]] and the [[Magasin du Nord]] department store.

Line 20: Line 23:


===New Copenhagen===

===New Copenhagen===

In the beginning of the 17th century, the eastern city gate, [[Fortifications of Copenhagen (17th century)#Østerport|Østerport]], was located at the eastern rampartsofCopenhagen, [[Fortifications of Copenhagen (17th century)#Østervold|Østervold]], which ran along the western edge of the area later to become Kongens Nytorv with the eastern city gate located at the end of the street Østergade. Outside the gate, an undulating terrain extended towards the sea. As part of [[Christian IV of Denmark|Christian IV]]'s ambitious plans to strengthen Copenhagen as a regional centre, he wanted to double the area of the fortified city, he acquired 200 hectares of land outside Østerport in 1606. To protect the new city district, called ''New Copenhagen'' (Danish: Ny København) or ''Saint Anne's Town'' (Danish: Sankt Annæ By), he started construction of a [[redoubt]], ''Saint Anne's Post'' (Danish: Sankt Annæ Skanse), at the site later to become Kastellet. In 1627 a [[Custom House|customs house]] was added at the site. In the beginning of the 1640s the old Østervold was abandoned altogether in favour of the new ramperts further north, and the location of the King's new square, Kongens Nytorv, was decided in 1647 with the construction of the street Godtersgade in 1647. According to a masterplan from created by the fortification engineer Axel Urups, Kongens Nytorv was to be connected to the sea by a canal.<ref name="Kongens Nytorv"/>

In the beginning of the 17th century, the area later to become Kongens Nytorv was located outside the [[Fortifications of Copenhagen (17th century)|Fortifications of Copenhagen]], as the eastern sectionofthe ramparts, [[Østervold (Copenhagen)|Østervold]], ran along the western edge of the current square, with the eastern city gate, [[Østerport (Copenhagen)|Østerport]], located at the end of the street [[Østergade]]. Outside the gate, an undulating terrain extended towards the sea. As part of [[Christian IV of Denmark|Christian IV]]'s ambitious plans to strengthen Copenhagen as a regional centre, he wanted to double the area of the fortified city, he acquired 200 hectares of land outside Østerport in 1606. To protect the new city district, called ''New Copenhagen'' (Danish: Ny København) or ''Saint Anne's Town'' (Danish: Sankt Annæ By), he started construction of a [[redoubt]], ''Saint Anne's Post'' (Danish: Sankt Annæ Skanse), at the site later to become Kastellet. In 1627 a [[Custom house|customs house]] was added at the site. In the beginning of the 1640s the old Østervold was abandoned altogether in favour of the new ramparts further north, and the location of the King's new square, Kongens Nytorv, was decided in 1647 with the construction of the street [[Gothersgade]] in 1647. According to a masterplan from created by the fortification engineer Axel Urups, Kongens Nytorv was to be connected to the sea by a canal.<ref name="Kongens Nytorv"/>



===Creating the square===

===Creating the square===

Line 26: Line 29:

At this time, under the reign of [[Frederik III of Denmark|Frederik III]], the site was a chaotic area, dominated by remains of the old ramparts and piles of garbage, almost made unpassable when wet weather transformed it into a muddy morass. Due to the topography and obstructed character of the premises, the site was popularly known as [[Hallandsås]]en, a reference to the [[horst (geology)|horst]] by the same name which had to be traversed when traveling from [[Scania]] and [[Halland]].<ref name="Kongens Nytorv"/>

At this time, under the reign of [[Frederik III of Denmark|Frederik III]], the site was a chaotic area, dominated by remains of the old ramparts and piles of garbage, almost made unpassable when wet weather transformed it into a muddy morass. Due to the topography and obstructed character of the premises, the site was popularly known as [[Hallandsås]]en, a reference to the [[horst (geology)|horst]] by the same name which had to be traversed when traveling from [[Scania]] and [[Halland]].<ref name="Kongens Nytorv"/>



Shortly after Christian V was crowned in 1670, he decided to level and cobble the square. This decision was taken mainly for military reasons, its strategic location with almost the same distance to all points along the ramparts of the city making it well suited as a central alarm square. At the same time, the square was to serve as a ''[[Place des Vosges|place royale]]'' with inspiration from France.<ref name="copenhagenet.dk">{{cite web|url=http://www.copenhagenet.dk/CPH-Map/CPH-KongensNytorv.asp|title=Kongens Nytorv|publisher=Copenhagen Portal|accessdate=2009-08-25}}</ref>

Shortly after Christian V was crowned in 1670, he decided to level and cobble the square. This decision was taken mainly for military reasons, its strategic location with almost the same distance to all points along the ramparts of the city making it well suited as a central alarm square. At the same time, the square was to serve as a ''[[Place des Vosges|place royale]]'' with inspiration from France.<ref name="copenhagenet.dk">{{cite web|url=http://www.copenhagenet.dk/CPH-Map/CPH-KongensNytorv.asp|title=Kongens Nytorv|publisher=Copenhagen Portal|access-date=2009-08-25}}</ref>



===Rarly buildings===

===Early buildings===

[[File:Geheimeraad Grams Gaard 1749.png|thumb|The Gran Mansion]]

[[File:Geheimeraad Grams Gaard 1749.png|thumb|The Gran Mansion]]

Land around the new square was distributed among interested wealthy citizens, including people from the new ranks. Buildings facing the square were required to be in at least two stories and meet certain standards. [[Ulrik Frederik Gyldenløve]]m Christian V's half-brother, completed his [[Charlottenborg Palace|Gyldenløve Mansion]] on the square in the mid-1780s. Admiral [[Henrik Bjelke]] constructed another town mansion on the square in the 1670s. It was in 1721 acquired by [[Ulrik Adolf Holstein|Ulrik Adolf von Holstein]] and was from then on known as the Holstein Mansion (Danish: Holsteins PPalæ).<ref">{{cite web|url=http://www.kbh.dk/blogs/tillykke-til-den-gamle-dame-paa-kongens-nytorv-magasin-du-nord-fylder-150-aar-1|title=Tillykke til den gamle dame på Kongens Nytorv: Magasin du Nord fylder 150 år|publisher=Copenhagen kbh|accessdate=2009-08-25}}</ref>

Land around the new square was distributed among interested wealthy citizens, including people from the new ranks. Buildings facing the square were required to be in at least two stories and meet certain standards. [[Ulrik Frederik Gyldenløve]]m Christian V's half-brother, completed his [[Charlottenborg Palace|Gyldenløve Mansion]] on the square in the mid-1780s. Admiral [[Henrik Bjelke]] constructed another town mansion on the square in the 1670s. It was in 1721 acquired by [[Ulrik Adolf Holstein|Ulrik Adolf von Holstein]] and was from then on known as the Holstein Mansion (Danish: Holsteins Palæ).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kbh.dk/blogs/tillykke-til-den-gamle-dame-paa-kongens-nytorv-magasin-du-nord-fylder-150-aar-1|title=Tillykke til den gamle dame på Kongens Nytorv: Magasin du Nord fylder 150 år|publisher=Copenhagen kbh|access-date=2009-08-25}}</ref> The [[Thott Mansion|Juel Mansion]] was completed for the naval officer [[Niels Juel]] in 1683. [[Carl Christian von Gram]] was also the owner of a town mansion of the square.



In 1688, a baroque garden complex with trees around a parterre and a gilded equestrian statue of Christian V in its centre, was inaugurated. In 1747 the entire square was rebuilt by [[Frederik V of Denmark|Frederik V]] as a military drill and ceremony ground for the King's troops until 1908, where the square was re-shaped into its original design.

In 1688, a [[Baroque garden]] complex with trees around a parterre and a gilded equestrian statue of Christian V in its centre, was inaugurated. In 1747 the entire square was rebuilt by [[Frederik V of Denmark|Frederik V]] as a military drill and ceremony ground for the King's troops until 1908, where the square was re-shaped into its original design.



==Features==

==Features==



===Equestrian statue===

===Equestrian statue===

[[File:Kongens Nytorv - Christian V.jpg|thumb|200px|The equestrian statue of Christian V]]

[[File:Kongens Nytorv - Christian V.jpg|thumb|The equestrian statue of Christian V]]

The equestrian statue of Christian V was created by the French [[sculptor]] [[Abraham-César Lamoureux]]. Dating from 1688, it is the oldest equestrian statue in [[Scandinavia]].<ref name="Kongens Nytorv"/> Originally made in [[Gilding|gilded]] [[lead]], it was recast in [[bronze]] 1939.

The [[equestrian statue of Christian V]] was created by the French [[sculptor]] [[Abraham-César Lamoureux]]. Dating from 1688, it is the oldest equestrian statue in [[Scandinavia]].<ref name="Kongens Nytorv"/> Originally made in [[Gilding|gilded]] [[lead]], it was recast in [[bronze]] 1939.



With direct inspiration from the equestrian statue of [[Louis XIII of France|Louis XIII]] erected at the centre of [[Place des Vosges]] in Paris in 1639,<ref name="Kongens Nytorv"/> it depicts the king dressed like a [[Imperator|Roman imperator]] with a [[Laurel wreath]]ed [[helmet]].

With direct inspiration from the equestrian statue of [[Louis XIII of France|Louis XIII]] erected at the centre of [[Place des Vosges]] in Paris in 1639,<ref name="Kongens Nytorv"/> it depicts the king dressed like a [[Imperator|Roman imperator]] with a [[Laurel wreath]]ed [[helmet]].



At the foot of the [[plinth]], Lamoureux placed four [[Allegorical sculpture|allegorical statues]]. Facing Charlottenborg Palace stand figures of [[Minerva]] and [[Alexander the Great]], representing [[wisdom|prudence]] and [[courage|fortitude]], while the opposite side features statues of [[Herkules]] and [[Artemisia I of Caria|Artemisia]], personifications of [[Courage|strength]] and [[honour]].

At the foot of the [[plinth]], Lamoureux placed four [[Allegorical sculpture|allegorical statues]]. Facing Charlottenborg Palace stand figures of [[Minerva]] and [[Alexander the Great]], representing [[wisdom|prudence]] and [[courage|fortitude]], while the opposite side features statues of [[Hercules|Herkules]] and [[Artemisia I of Caria|Artemisia]], personifications of [[Courage|strength]] and [[honour]].



Even though Lamoureux depicted the horse in a [[Trot (horse gait)|trot]]-like [[Horse gait|gait]], with inspiration from [[Equestrian Statue of Marcus Aurelius|Marcus Aurelius]]' horse at the [[Capitoline Hill]], the design caused severe problems due to the soft metal used for the casting. The construction therefore had to be strengthened, and Lamoureux introduced a figure of a naked man crouched underneath the horse's hoof, personifying [[envy]] but in the same time affording support for the horse's barrel as the weakest point of the statue. However, over the centuries the problems with the statue continued, particularly with the horse's front left leg, and finally Professor [[Einar Utzon-Frank]] from the [[Danish Academy of Fine Arts]] was commissioned to recast the statue in bronze. This happened from 1939 to 1942 and the new cast was inaugurated on 22 May 1946.

Even though Lamoureux depicted the horse in a [[Trot (horse gait)|trot]]-like [[Horse gait|gait]], with inspiration from [[Equestrian Statue of Marcus Aurelius|Marcus Aurelius]]' horse at the [[Capitoline Hill]], the design caused severe problems due to the soft metal used for the casting. The construction therefore had to be strengthened, and Lamoureux introduced a figure of a naked man crouched underneath the horse's hoof, personifying [[envy]] but in the same time affording support for the horse's barrel as the weakest point of the statue. However, over the centuries the problems with the statue continued, particularly with the horse's front left leg, and finally Professor [[Einar Utzon-Frank]] from the [[Danish Academy of Fine Arts]] was commissioned to recast the statue in bronze. This happened from 1939 to 1942 and the new cast was inaugurated on 22 May 1946.



==="Krinsen" Garden Complex===

===Krinsen garden complex===

Krinsen is an old form of the Danish word Krans, meaning ''circle'' or ''[[wreath]]''. It is an [[ellipse|elliptical]] [[parterre]] surrounding the statue of Christian V. The ellipse was a favoured geometrical shape at the time, an obvious example bing the elliptical pattern in the paving around the Marcus Aurelius statue at [[Capitoline Hill#Piazza|Piazza del Campidoglio]]. Around the parterre, two rows of trees were planted. In 1711, the garden complex was remodelled, before it was given up in 1747 the garden was removed to make room for military drils, with some of the trees being dug altogether up, leaving only the equestrian statue. Some of the trees were dug up and reused for the establishment of the avenue Østre Allé. New rows of [[elm|elm trees]] were planted around the statue in 1855-56, but by 1998 they were dying from [[Dutch elm disease]] and removed. In 2001, 80 [[Tilia|lime trees]] were planted as part of a major refurbishment of the square.



[[File:Old Kiosk (Kongens Nytorv).jpg|thumb|2+0px|The old kiosk]]

{{wide image | File:Kongens Nytorv pano.jpg | 600px | Panoramic view from the edge of the Krinsen}}


''Krinsen'' is an old form of the Danish word Krans, meaning ''circle'' or ''[[wreath]]''. It is an [[ellipse|elliptical]] [[parterre]] surrounding the statue of Christian V. The ellipse was a favoured geometrical shape at the time, an obvious example bing the elliptical pattern in the paving around the Marcus Aurelius statue at [[Capitoline Hill#Piazza|Piazza del Campidoglio]]. Around the parterre, two rows of trees were planted. In 1711, the garden complex was remodelled, before it was given up in 1747 the garden was removed to make room for military drills, with some of the trees being dug altogether up, leaving only the equestrian statue. Some of the trees were dug up and reused for the establishment of the avenue Østre Allé. New rows of [[elm|elm trees]] were planted around the statue in 1855–56, but by 1998 they were dying from [[Dutch elm disease]] and removed. In 2001, 80 [[Tilia|lime trees]] were planted as part of a major refurbishment of the square.


[[File:Old Kiosk (Kongens Nytorv).jpg|thumb|200px|The old kiosk]]



===Old kiosk===

===Old kiosk===

Line 56: Line 62:

==Surrounding buildings==

==Surrounding buildings==

===Nyhavn to Holmens kanal===

===Nyhavn to Holmens kanal===

Built 1672-1683, [[Charlottenborg Palace]] is the olfest building on the square. It is now home to the [[Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts]] as well as the exhibition space [[Kunsthal Charlottenborg]].

Built 1672–1683, [[Charlottenborg Palace]] is the oldest building on the square. It is now home to the [[Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts]] as well as the exhibition space [[Kunsthal Charlottenborg]].



The [[Harsdorff House]] (No. 3-5,) was built in 1780 to design by [[Caspar Frederik Harsdorff]]. The building's facade was to serve as a model for the many master builders of the time who had little or no academic training.

The [[Harsdorff House]] (No. 3-5,) was built in 1780 to design by [[Caspar Frederik Harsdorff]]. The building's facade was to serve as a model for the many master builders of the time who had little or no academic training.



The [[Royal Danish Theatre]]'s current building (No. 1) is from from 1872–74 and was designed by [[Wilhelm Dahlerup]]. Its [[Art Nuveau]]-style 1931 extension [[Stærekassen]], which spans the street Tordenskjoldsgade, was built both as an extension of the theatre and a new home for [[DR (broadcaster)|Danmarks Radio]].

The [[Royal Danish Theatre]]'s current building (No. 1) is from 1872 to 1874 and was designed by [[Wilhelm Dahlerup]]. Its [[Art Nouveau]]-style 1931 extension [[Stærekassen]], which spans the street Tordenskjoldsgade, was built both as an extension of the theatre and a new home for [[DR (broadcaster)|Danmarks Radio]].



===Nyhavn to Gothersgade===

===Nyhavn to Gothersgade===

* [[EThott Mansion]] (No. 4) is from 1683 and is now home to the [[Embassy of France in Copenhagen|French Embassy]]. No. 8 was built for [[A. P. Moller-Maersk Group]] in 10+9 and the shipping company was headquartered in the building until 1979. [[Jyllands-Posten]]'s Copenhagen office was then based in the building until 2010.

The [[Thott Mansion]] (No. 4) is from 1683 and is now home to the [[Embassy of France in Copenhagen|French Embassy]]. No. 8 was built for [[A. P. Moller-Maersk Group]] in 10+9 and the shipping company was headquartered in the building until 1979. [[Jyllands-Posten]]'s Copenhagen office was then based in the building until 2010.



The [[Lihme House[[ (No. 18( is from 1787.

The [[Lihme House]] (No. 18) is from 1787.



===Gothersgad to Holmens Kanale===

===Gothersgad to Holmens Kanale===

Np. 26 was built for the [[Great Northern Telegraph Company]] in 1898. The company was headquartered in the building until 2008. The building is from 1767. [[Hotel D’Angleterre]] (No. 34) is one of the oldest and most prestigious hotels in Copenhagen. The current building is from 1874)

No. 26 was built for the [[Great Northern Telegraph Company]] in 1898. The company was headquartered in the building until 2008. The building is from 1767. [[Hotel D'Angleterre]] (No. 34) is one of the oldest and most prestigious hotels in Copenhagen. The current building is from 1874)



[[Magasin du Nord]] (No. 13), a leading department, opened in 1893-94. [[Hviids Vinstue]] (No. 19( is the oldest tavern in Copenhagen.

[[Magasin du Nord]] (No. 13), a leading department, opened in 1893–94. [[Hviids Vinstue]] (No. 19) is the oldest tavern in Copenhagen.



==Use==

==Use==

Line 87: Line 93:

{{reflist}}

{{reflist}}



==Rxternal links==

==Bibliography==

* {{cite book|last1=Hartmann|first1=Sys|last2=Hartmann|first2=Godfred|editor-last=Bramsen|editor-first=Bo|title=København, før og nu - og aldrig|chapter=Bind 5: Kgs. Nytorv, Rosenborg og Nyboder|isbn=87-7248-033-5|year=1988|publisher=Forlaget Palle Fogtdal|location=Copenhagen|language=da}}


==External links==

{{Commons category|Kongens Nytorv}}

{{Commons category|Kongens Nytorv}}




Latest revision as of 11:01, 18 November 2023

Kongens Nytorv
Kongens Nytorv
LocationIndre By, Copenhagen, Denmark
Postal code1050, 1051
Nearest metro stationKongens Nytorv
Coordinates55°40′49N 12°34′9E / 55.68028°N 12.56917°E / 55.68028; 12.56917
Aerial image of the square

Kongens Nytorv (lit. "The King's New Square") is a public squareinCopenhagen, Denmark, centrally located at the end of the pedestrian street Strøget. The largest square of the city, it was laid out by Christian V in 1670 in connection with a major extension of the fortified city, and has an equestrian statue of him at its centre. The initiative moved the centre of the city from the medieval area around Gammeltorv, at that time a muddy medieval marketplace, to a cobbled new square with a garden complex, inspired by the Royal city planning seen in Paris from the early 17th century.[1]

Important buildings facing the square include the Royal Danish Theater from 1874, the Charlottenborg Palace from 1671 (now the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts), the Thott Palace from 1683 (now the French Embassy), the Hotel D'Angleterre and the Magasin du Nord department store.

History[edit]

New Copenhagen[edit]

In the beginning of the 17th century, the area later to become Kongens Nytorv was located outside the Fortifications of Copenhagen, as the eastern section of the ramparts, Østervold, ran along the western edge of the current square, with the eastern city gate, Østerport, located at the end of the street Østergade. Outside the gate, an undulating terrain extended towards the sea. As part of Christian IV's ambitious plans to strengthen Copenhagen as a regional centre, he wanted to double the area of the fortified city, he acquired 200 hectares of land outside Østerport in 1606. To protect the new city district, called New Copenhagen (Danish: Ny København) or Saint Anne's Town (Danish: Sankt Annæ By), he started construction of a redoubt, Saint Anne's Post (Danish: Sankt Annæ Skanse), at the site later to become Kastellet. In 1627 a customs house was added at the site. In the beginning of the 1640s the old Østervold was abandoned altogether in favour of the new ramparts further north, and the location of the King's new square, Kongens Nytorv, was decided in 1647 with the construction of the street Gothersgade in 1647. According to a masterplan from created by the fortification engineer Axel Urups, Kongens Nytorv was to be connected to the sea by a canal.[1]

Creating the square[edit]

Kongens Nytorv, anno 1715

At this time, under the reign of Frederik III, the site was a chaotic area, dominated by remains of the old ramparts and piles of garbage, almost made unpassable when wet weather transformed it into a muddy morass. Due to the topography and obstructed character of the premises, the site was popularly known as Hallandsåsen, a reference to the horst by the same name which had to be traversed when traveling from Scania and Halland.[1]

Shortly after Christian V was crowned in 1670, he decided to level and cobble the square. This decision was taken mainly for military reasons, its strategic location with almost the same distance to all points along the ramparts of the city making it well suited as a central alarm square. At the same time, the square was to serve as a place royale with inspiration from France.[2]

Early buildings[edit]

The Gran Mansion

Land around the new square was distributed among interested wealthy citizens, including people from the new ranks. Buildings facing the square were required to be in at least two stories and meet certain standards. Ulrik Frederik Gyldenløvem Christian V's half-brother, completed his Gyldenløve Mansion on the square in the mid-1780s. Admiral Henrik Bjelke constructed another town mansion on the square in the 1670s. It was in 1721 acquired by Ulrik Adolf von Holstein and was from then on known as the Holstein Mansion (Danish: Holsteins Palæ).[3] The Juel Mansion was completed for the naval officer Niels Juel in 1683. Carl Christian von Gram was also the owner of a town mansion of the square.

In 1688, a Baroque garden complex with trees around a parterre and a gilded equestrian statue of Christian V in its centre, was inaugurated. In 1747 the entire square was rebuilt by Frederik V as a military drill and ceremony ground for the King's troops until 1908, where the square was re-shaped into its original design.

Features[edit]

Equestrian statue[edit]

The equestrian statue of Christian V

The equestrian statue of Christian V was created by the French sculptor Abraham-César Lamoureux. Dating from 1688, it is the oldest equestrian statue in Scandinavia.[1] Originally made in gilded lead, it was recast in bronze 1939.

With direct inspiration from the equestrian statue of Louis XIII erected at the centre of Place des Vosges in Paris in 1639,[1] it depicts the king dressed like a Roman imperator with a Laurel wreathed helmet.

At the foot of the plinth, Lamoureux placed four allegorical statues. Facing Charlottenborg Palace stand figures of Minerva and Alexander the Great, representing prudence and fortitude, while the opposite side features statues of Herkules and Artemisia, personifications of strength and honour.

Even though Lamoureux depicted the horse in a trot-like gait, with inspiration from Marcus Aurelius' horse at the Capitoline Hill, the design caused severe problems due to the soft metal used for the casting. The construction therefore had to be strengthened, and Lamoureux introduced a figure of a naked man crouched underneath the horse's hoof, personifying envy but in the same time affording support for the horse's barrel as the weakest point of the statue. However, over the centuries the problems with the statue continued, particularly with the horse's front left leg, and finally Professor Einar Utzon-Frank from the Danish Academy of Fine Arts was commissioned to recast the statue in bronze. This happened from 1939 to 1942 and the new cast was inaugurated on 22 May 1946.

Krinsen garden complex[edit]

Panoramic view from the edge of the Krinsen

Krinsen is an old form of the Danish word Krans, meaning circleorwreath. It is an elliptical parterre surrounding the statue of Christian V. The ellipse was a favoured geometrical shape at the time, an obvious example bing the elliptical pattern in the paving around the Marcus Aurelius statue at Piazza del Campidoglio. Around the parterre, two rows of trees were planted. In 1711, the garden complex was remodelled, before it was given up in 1747 the garden was removed to make room for military drills, with some of the trees being dug altogether up, leaving only the equestrian statue. Some of the trees were dug up and reused for the establishment of the avenue Østre Allé. New rows of elm trees were planted around the statue in 1855–56, but by 1998 they were dying from Dutch elm disease and removed. In 2001, 80 lime trees were planted as part of a major refurbishment of the square.

The old kiosk

Old kiosk[edit]

On the square stands an old kiosk and telephone stand from 1913. It is built in Baroque Revival style with a copper-clad roof and hand-carved ornamentation. It also used to offer the first public telephonic connection in Copenhagen from where it was possible to call every day except Sunday from 10 am to 8 pm.[2] Today it houses a small café with outdoor service.

Surrounding buildings[edit]

Nyhavn to Holmens kanal[edit]

Built 1672–1683, Charlottenborg Palace is the oldest building on the square. It is now home to the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts as well as the exhibition space Kunsthal Charlottenborg.

The Harsdorff House (No. 3-5,) was built in 1780 to design by Caspar Frederik Harsdorff. The building's facade was to serve as a model for the many master builders of the time who had little or no academic training.

The Royal Danish Theatre's current building (No. 1) is from 1872 to 1874 and was designed by Wilhelm Dahlerup. Its Art Nouveau-style 1931 extension Stærekassen, which spans the street Tordenskjoldsgade, was built both as an extension of the theatre and a new home for Danmarks Radio.

Nyhavn to Gothersgade[edit]

The Thott Mansion (No. 4) is from 1683 and is now home to the French Embassy. No. 8 was built for A. P. Moller-Maersk Group in 10+9 and the shipping company was headquartered in the building until 1979. Jyllands-Posten's Copenhagen office was then based in the building until 2010.

The Lihme House (No. 18) is from 1787.

Gothersgad to Holmens Kanale[edit]

No. 26 was built for the Great Northern Telegraph Company in 1898. The company was headquartered in the building until 2008. The building is from 1767. Hotel D'Angleterre (No. 34) is one of the oldest and most prestigious hotels in Copenhagen. The current building is from 1874)

Magasin du Nord (No. 13), a leading department, opened in 1893–94. Hviids Vinstue (No. 19) is the oldest tavern in Copenhagen.

Use[edit]

Skaters at Kongens nytorv

Outdoor exhibition space[edit]

The square is frequently used as an open-air exhibition venue, especially for photo exhibitions.

Ice skating rink[edit]

In winter a 2,200 m2 (23,681 sq ft) circular ice skating rink is constructed around Krinsen. Skating is free of charge and ice skate rental is available.

High school graduation celebrations[edit]

As an old tradition, graduating high school students from the Copenhagen area, when they graduate in June, come to Kongens Nytorv in buses, trucks or horse wagons to dance and run around Krinsen, throwing their graduation caps into the air, celebrating their graduation.

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d e "Kongens Nytorv". Selskabet for Københavns Historie. Archived from the original on 2007-10-22. Retrieved 2009-08-25.
  • ^ a b "Kongens Nytorv". Copenhagen Portal. Retrieved 2009-08-25.
  • ^ "Tillykke til den gamle dame på Kongens Nytorv: Magasin du Nord fylder 150 år". Copenhagen kbh. Retrieved 2009-08-25.
  • Bibliography[edit]

    External links[edit]

    55°40′49N 12°35′9E / 55.68028°N 12.58583°E / 55.68028; 12.58583


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