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'''Lensmann''' in modern Norwegian or '''lensmand''' in Danish and older Norwegian spelling ( |
'''{{Lang|no|Lensmann}}''' in modern Norwegian or '''{{Lang|da|lensmand}}''' in Danish and older Norwegian spelling ({{Literal translation|fief man}}; {{Lang-non|lénsmaðr}}) is a term with several distinct meanings in [[Nordic countries|Nordic]] history. The Icelandic equivalent was a {{Lang|is|hreppstjóri}}. |
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==Fief-holder== |
==Fief-holder== |
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{{see also|Lendmann}} |
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The term traditionally referred to a holder of a royal fief. As the fiefs were renamed ''[[Amt (country subdivision)| |
The term {{Lang|no|lensmann}} traditionally referred to a holder of a royal [[fief]] in Denmark and Norway. As the fiefs were renamed ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|amt]]'' in 1662, the term {{Lang|no|lensmand}} was replaced with ''[[amtmand]]''. In Norway these offices evolved into the modern ''[[fylkesmann]]'' office. Modern Norwegian historians often use the term {{Lang|no|lensherre}} (English: 'fief lord') instead of {{Lang|no|lensmann}}, although from the legal point of view, the king was the fief lord, and the title used by contemporaries was {{Lang|no|lensmand}}, not {{Lang|no|lensherre}}.<ref>Mikael Berglund, [https://books.google.com/books?id=-s6Zh8qzPxEC Cross-border Enforcement of Claims in the EU: History, Present Time and Future], {{ISBN|9041128611}}, 2009, page 101</ref> |
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While the {{Lang|no|lensmann}} was a fief-holder from the [[nobility]], the {{Lang|no|amtmann}} was a [[civil servant]] who might be [[ennobled]] as a reward. |
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==Farmer lensmann and the modern police office== |
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[[File:Norwegian police rank 008.jpg|thumb|upright|100px| |
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|+Differences between {{Lang|no|lensmann}} and {{Lang|no|amtmann}}<ref>Steinar Imsen & Harald Winge (1999). ''Norsk historisk lexikon.'' Oslo: Cappelen Akademisk Forlag, p. 21.</ref> |
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The title lensmann is also used in an entirely different meaning in Norway, denoting the leader of a rural police district known as ''lensmannsdistrikt''.<ref>[http://www.regjeringen.no/nb/dep/jd/dok/regpubl/stmeld/20002001/Stmeld-nr-22-2000-2001-/3.html?id=431893 Stortingsmelding nr 22 (2000-2201) punkt 3]</ref> This modern lensmann office descends directly from the medieval and post-medieval ''bondelensmann'' (English: ''farmer lensmann''). The farmer lensmann was originally appointed among farmers by the [[sysselmann]]. In post-medieval times a typical candidate to the lensmann office was a so-called ''good farmer'', being of a wealthy family and/or enjoying respect or holding a leading position in the local society, and he was also elected by other good farmers in their function as [[Court of appeal (Norway)#History|lagrette]] (English: ''lay judge''). When the office of [[Vogt|fogd]] (bailiff) was introduced the farmer lensmanns in each ''fogderi'' were placed under him. In 1660 there were between 300 and 350 lensmanns in Norway. In the hierarchy of the state administration in a county (''len'' and later ''amt''), the farmer lensmann was subordinate to the bailiffs, the district judges and ultimately to the head of the county administration, the ''lensmand'' (fief-holder), later retitled ''amtmand''. |
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! Office |
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! {{Lang|no|Lensmann}} |
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! {{Lang|no|Amtmann}} |
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| General governing power || Yes || No |
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| Military commander || Yes || No |
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| Tax collector || Yes || No |
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|- |
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| Fiscal accountability || No || Yes |
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|- |
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⚫ | |}[[File:Norwegian police rank 008.jpg|thumb|upright|100px|Rank badge of a modern Norwegian police {{Lang|no|lensmann}}.]] |
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== |
==Modern police officer== |
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The title {{Lang|no|lensmann}} is also used in an entirely different meaning in modern Norway, denoting the leader of a rural police district known as a {{Lang|no|lensmannsdistrikt}}.<ref>[http://www.regjeringen.no/nb/dep/jd/dok/regpubl/stmeld/20002001/Stmeld-nr-22-2000-2001-/3.html?id=431893 Stortingsmelding nr 22 (2000-2201) punkt 3]</ref> |
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==See also== |
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* [[Sheriff]] |
* [[Sheriff]] |
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[[Category:Law enforcement in Norway]] |
[[Category:Law enforcement in Norway]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Police ranks]] |
Lensmann in modern Norwegian or lensmand in Danish and older Norwegian spelling (lit. 'fief man'; Old Norse: lénsmaðr) is a term with several distinct meanings in Nordic history. The Icelandic equivalent was a hreppstjóri.
The term lensmann traditionally referred to a holder of a royal fief in Denmark and Norway. As the fiefs were renamed amt in 1662, the term lensmand was replaced with amtmand. In Norway these offices evolved into the modern fylkesmann office. Modern Norwegian historians often use the term lensherre (English: 'fief lord') instead of lensmann, although from the legal point of view, the king was the fief lord, and the title used by contemporaries was lensmand, not lensherre.[1]
While the lensmann was a fief-holder from the nobility, the amtmann was a civil servant who might be ennobled as a reward.
Office | Lensmann | Amtmann |
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General governing power | Yes | No |
Military commander | Yes | No |
Tax collector | Yes | No |
Fiscal accountability | No | Yes |
The title lensmann is also used in an entirely different meaning in modern Norway, denoting the leader of a rural police district known as a lensmannsdistrikt.[3]