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[[File:Coat-of-Arms-Bulgaria.jpg|thumb|Bulgaria |
[[File:Coat-of-Arms-Bulgaria.jpg|thumb|Bulgaria – Coat of Arms "Unity Makes Strength"]] |
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This is a '''List of Bulgarian inventors and discoverers''', working locally or overseas, and also a list of Bulgarian inventions and creations. The list comprises people from [[Bulgaria]] and also people of predominantly Bulgarian heritage. |
This is a '''List of Bulgarian inventors and discoverers''', working locally or overseas, and also a list of Bulgarian inventions and creations. The list comprises people from [[Bulgaria]] and also people of predominantly Bulgarian heritage. |
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== Art and |
== Art and architecture == |
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* [[Early Renaissance]] of the [[Art School of Tarnovo|Tărnovo Artistic School]] |
* [[Early Renaissance]] of the [[Art School of Tarnovo|Tărnovo Artistic School]] – the world famous frescos in the [[Boyana Church]] from 1239 AD have been described by [[Andre Grabar]] and many scholars, as Early Renaissance or precursors of Renaissance Art well before this period started in Italy. The murals are work of the unknown Boyana Master and his disciples who are believed to have been [[Painting of the Tarnovo Artistic School|representatives]] of the Tarnovo Artistic School of the [[Second Bulgarian Empire]] (1185–1396AD). The frescos have been compared to the work of [[Giotto]] who is generally considered the first in a line of great artists who contributed to the Italian Renaissance. The Boyana Church has been declared by [[UNESCO]] a [[World Heritage Site]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Centre |first=UNESCO World Heritage |title=Boyana Church |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/42/ |access-date=2023-02-02 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |language=en}}</ref><ref>[http://archaeologyinbulgaria.com/2015/04/13/bulgarias-early-renaissance-boyana-church-has-the-most-impressive-crucifix-mural-curator-says/ Archeology in Bulgaria]</ref> |
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* [[Architecture of the Tarnovo Artistic School]] |
* [[Architecture of the Tarnovo Artistic School]] – characteristic for the Second Bulgarian Empire, influenced the architecture in many countries of [[Southeast Europe]] and parts of [[Central Europe]]. |
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== Medicine and |
== Medicine and pharmacology == |
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* [[Stamen Grigorov]] |
* [[Stamen Grigorov]] – discovered ''[[Lactobacillus bulgaricus]]'', patented [[bacteria]] used for the production of [[yogurt]] in 1905. The bacterium feeds on [[lactose]] to produce [[lactic acid]], which is used to preserve milk. He also made a major contribution to the creation of an anti-tuberculosis vaccine. |
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* [[Dimitar Paskov]] |
* [[Dimitar Paskov]] – created the medicine [[Galantamine|Nivalin]], used for the treatment of mild to moderate [[Alzheimer's disease]] and various other [[memory]] impairments, in particular those of [[vascular]] origin. |
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* [[Samuel Refetoff]] |
* [[Samuel Refetoff]] – discovered the [[Refetoff syndrome]], resistance to thyrotropin (RTSH) and the inherited defect that affects the metabolism of thyroid hormones through mutations in SECISBP2 gene.<ref>[https://www.endocrine.org/~/media/endosociety/Files/About%20Us/Sawin/Samuel-Refetoff_9-2011.pdf SAMUEL REFETOFF, MD, Interview conducted by Michael Chappelle, June 4, 2011]</ref> |
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*[[Ivan Mitev]] |
*[[Ivan Mitev]] – discovered the sixth [[heart sound]].<ref>{{cite journal| pmid=404983 | volume=70 | title=[The 6th heart sound] | year=1977 | journal=Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss | pages=265–72 | last1 = Mitev | first1 = I| issue=3 }}</ref> |
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== Literature and |
== Literature and education == |
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[[File:Cyrillic Alphabet as invented by St. Clement of Ohrid.jpg|thumb|The Cyrillic Alphabet created in the Pliska-Preslav Literary School, used by most Slavic people (right). Its predecessor |
[[File:Cyrillic Alphabet as invented by St. Clement of Ohrid.jpg|thumb|The Cyrillic Alphabet created in the Pliska-Preslav Literary School, used by most Slavic people (right). Its predecessor – the Glagolitic alphabet by Sts. Cyril and Methodius (left).]] |
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[[File:Ivan ALexander and his family Tetraevangelia.jpg|thumb|right|200px|One of the 366 miniatures of the [[Tetraevangelia of Ivan Alexander]] ( |
[[File:Ivan ALexander and his family Tetraevangelia.jpg|thumb|right|200px|One of the 366 miniatures of the [[Tetraevangelia of Ivan Alexander]] (1355–1356) – one of the most famous works of the Tarnovo Literary School]] |
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[[File:Elias Canetti 2.jpg|thumb|Elias Canetti, Nobel laureate in Literature (1981) |
[[File:Elias Canetti 2.jpg|thumb|Elias Canetti, Nobel laureate in Literature (1981)]] |
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* The [[Early Cyrillic script]] created in the [[Preslav Literary School|Pliska-Preslav Literary School]] in the 9th century. The Bulgarian scholars and writers, as St. [[Clement of Ohrid]] and St. [[Naum of Preslav]], were among the most prominent and close disciples of [[Saints Cyril and Methodius]] and among the creators not only of the first [[Slavic languages|Slavic]] alphabet |
* The [[Early Cyrillic script]] created in the [[Preslav Literary School|Pliska-Preslav Literary School]] in the 9th century. The Bulgarian scholars and writers, as St. [[Clement of Ohrid]] and St. [[Naum of Preslav]], were among the most prominent and close disciples of [[Saints Cyril and Methodius]] and among the creators not only of the first [[Slavic languages|Slavic]] alphabet – the [[Glagolitic alphabet|Glagolitic]] (not officially used nowadays), but also of the new Bulgarian [[Cyrillic alphabet]], named after their teacher and mentor Saint Cyril. This alphabetic writing system is nowadays employed across [[Southeast Europe|Southeast]] and Eastern Europe, also in North and [[Central Asia]]. This is the major Bulgarian contribution to the European civilization produced during the [[Golden Age of Bulgaria]] during the [[First Bulgarian Empire]], the period of the [[Bulgarian culture|Bulgarian cultural]] prosperity during the reign of emperor [[Simeon I of Bulgaria|Simeon I the Great]] (889–927). |
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* The [[Tarnovo Literary School]] of the late 14th and 15th century was a major medieval Bulgarian cultural academy with important contribution to the [[Medieval Bulgarian literature]] established in the capital of Bulgaria [[Tarnovo]]. With the orthographic reform of Saint [[Patriarch Evtimiy of Bulgaria|Evtimiy of Tarnovo]] and prominent representatives such as [[Gregory Tsamblak]] or [[Constantine of Kostenets]]. It was part of the [[Art School of Tarnovo|Tarnovo School of Art]] which was characteristic for the culture of the [[Second Bulgarian Empire]]. The school influenced Russian, Serbian, Wallachian and Moldavian medieval culture. That is famous in Russia as the second [[South Slavs|South-Slavic]] influence. |
* The [[Tarnovo Literary School]] of the late 14th and 15th century was a major medieval Bulgarian cultural academy with important contribution to the [[Medieval Bulgarian literature]] established in the capital of Bulgaria [[Tarnovo]]. With the orthographic reform of Saint [[Patriarch Evtimiy of Bulgaria|Evtimiy of Tarnovo]] and prominent representatives such as [[Gregory Tsamblak]] or [[Constantine of Kostenets]]. It was part of the [[Art School of Tarnovo|Tarnovo School of Art]] which was characteristic for the culture of the [[Second Bulgarian Empire]]. The school influenced Russian, Serbian, Wallachian and Moldavian medieval culture. That is famous in Russia as the second [[South Slavs|South-Slavic]] influence. |
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*[[Georgi Lozanov]] |
*[[Georgi Lozanov]] – the teaching method [[Suggestopedia]], a portmanteau of "[[suggestion]]s" and "pedagogy" used to learn foreign languages, was first developed in the 1970s and utilize positive suggestions in teaching language. In 1978, the psychiatrist Lozanov presented the method to a commission in Paris at UNESCO.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000030087?posInSet=1&queryId=97c00842-1872-42c6-be70-3f81470da00a|access-date=2020-12-20|website=unesdoc.unesco.org}}</ref> |
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* [[Elias Canetti]] |
* [[Elias Canetti]] – Nobel laureate in Literature 1981 "for writings marked by a broad outlook, a wealth of ideas and artistic power"<ref name="Literature1981">{{cite web|url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1981/index.html|title=Nobel Prize in Literature 1981|publisher=Nobel Foundation|accessdate=2008-10-17}}</ref> |
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== Technology and |
== Technology and aviation == |
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[[File:Asen Jordanov.png|thumb|Assen Jordanoff, inventor, engineer, and aviator-pioneer |
[[File:Asen Jordanov.png|thumb|Assen Jordanoff, inventor, engineer, and aviator-pioneer]] |
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* The first technologically processed [[gold]] and oldest gold [[treasure]] and gold [[jewelry]] in the world, dating from 4,600 BC to 4,200 BC, was discovered at [[Varna Necropolis]].<ref> |
* The first technologically processed [[gold]] and oldest gold [[treasure]] and gold [[jewelry]] in the world, dating from 4,600 BC to 4,200 BC, was discovered at [[Varna Necropolis]].<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Grande |first1=Lance |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RnE9Fa4pbn0C&dq=varna+necropolis+oldest&pg=PA290 |title=Gems and Gemstones: Timeless Natural Beauty of the Mineral World |last2=Augustyn |first2=Allison |date=2009-11-15 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-30511-0 |language=en}}</ref> |
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* The first [[Ferris wheel]]s, the "Pleasure wheels" from [[Plovdiv]], whose passengers rode in chairs suspended from large wooden rings turned by strong men, may have originated in 17th-century Bulgaria.<ref name=stillturning>{{Cite web|url=http://www.illinoistimes.com/Springfield/article-410-still-turning.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120311200442/http://www.illinoistimes.com/Springfield/article-410-still-turning.html|url-status=dead|title=Still turning – Jacksonville built the world's first portable Ferris Wheel|archivedate=March 11, 2012}}</ref><ref name="eyes in the sky">{{Cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/581259.stm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060625210527/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/581259.stm|url-status=dead|title=BBC News | UK | Eyes in the sky|archivedate=June 25, 2006|website=news.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> |
* The first [[Ferris wheel]]s, the "Pleasure wheels" from [[Plovdiv]], whose passengers rode in chairs suspended from large wooden rings turned by strong men, may have originated in 17th-century Bulgaria.<ref name=stillturning>{{Cite web|url=http://www.illinoistimes.com/Springfield/article-410-still-turning.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120311200442/http://www.illinoistimes.com/Springfield/article-410-still-turning.html|url-status=dead|title=Still turning – Jacksonville built the world's first portable Ferris Wheel|archivedate=March 11, 2012}}</ref><ref name="eyes in the sky">{{Cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/581259.stm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060625210527/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/581259.stm|url-status=dead|title=BBC News | UK | Eyes in the sky|archivedate=June 25, 2006|website=news.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> |
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* Simeon Petrov – Captain Simeon Petrov, Bulgarian Air Force, invented the world's first purpose-built air-to-surface bomb in 1912. The innovations included aerodynamically stabilized x-tail and an impact detonator. The majority of aircraft bombs to date follow Petrov's design. The Bulgarian Air Force deployed the original prototype, thus becoming the first military force in the world to conduct tactical airplane bombing in a full-scale war in 1912. |
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* [[Assen Jordanoff]] (September 2, 1896 |
* [[Assen Jordanoff]] (September 2, 1896 – October 19, 1967) was a [[Bulgarian American]] [[inventor]], [[engineer]], and [[aviator]]. Jordanoff is considered to be the founder of [[aeronautical engineering]] in Bulgaria, as well as a contributor to the development of [[aviation]] in the United States. Inventor of: |
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** the [[Airbag]] for aircraft pilots that is nowadays used in automobiles; |
** the [[Airbag]] for aircraft pilots that is nowadays used in automobiles; |
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** the Jordaphone |
** the Jordaphone – the predecessor of the modern [[Answering machine]] and [[Tape recorder]]; |
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** the Frozen Gasoline System for airplanes; |
** the Frozen Gasoline System for airplanes; |
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** the [[Thrust reversal|Reverse thrust]] device for jet engines. |
** the [[Thrust reversal|Reverse thrust]] device for jet engines. |
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* [[John Vincent Atanasoff]] (October 4, 1903 – June 15, 1995) was an American physicist and inventor of Bulgarian origin, best known for being credited with<!--others contest this claim--> inventing the first electronic [[digital computer]].<ref>{{cite book |chapter=ATANASOFF, JOHN VINCENT |title= Who's Who in America 1995 |place= New Providence, NJ |publisher=Marquis Who's Who |year=1994 |volume= 1 (A-K)|page=129 |edition=49th |isbn= 0837901596|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/whoswhoinamerica10marq/page/128 |chapter-url-access= registration |via= Internet Archive |access-date= January 22, 2020}}</ref> |
* [[John Vincent Atanasoff]] (October 4, 1903 – June 15, 1995) was an American physicist and inventor of Bulgarian origin, best known for being credited with<!--others contest this claim--> inventing the first electronic [[digital computer]].<ref>{{cite book |chapter=ATANASOFF, JOHN VINCENT |title= Who's Who in America 1995 |place= New Providence, NJ |publisher=Marquis Who's Who |year=1994 |volume= 1 (A-K)|page=129 |edition=49th |isbn= 0837901596|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/whoswhoinamerica10marq/page/128 |chapter-url-access= registration |via= Internet Archive |access-date= January 22, 2020}}</ref> |
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* [[Peter Petroff]] (21 October 1919 – 27 February 2003<ref name="nytimes"> |
* [[Peter Petroff]] (21 October 1919 – 27 February 2003<ref name="nytimes">{{Cite news |last=Saxon |first=Wolfgang |date=2003-03-09 |title=Peter D. Petroff Dies at 83; Devised a Digital Wristwatch |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/03/09/business/peter-d-petroff-dies-at-83-devised-a-digital-wristwatch.html |access-date=2023-02-02 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>) was a Bulgarian American [[inventor]], [[engineer]], [[NASA]] [[scientist]], and [[adventurer]]. He was involved in the NASA space program. Among his many accomplishments, Petroff assisted in development of one of the earliest computerized pollution monitoring system and [[telemetry]] devices for early weather and [[communications satellites]]. Petroff helped develop components of one of the world's first [[digital watches]]<ref name="nytimes" /> and an early wireless [[heart monitor]], and many other important devices and methods. |
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* Ivan (John) Notchev |
* Ivan (John) Notchev – Bulgarian American aviation engineer and invertor of the jet engines of the [[Lunar Module Eagle|Eagle lunar module]]. They provide the smooth landing of the module with the cosmonauts, and then their successful return and docking with the spacecraft waiting for them in orbit. |
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* [[Angel Balevski]] (4 March 1910 – 15 September 1997) |
* [[Angel Balevski]] (4 March 1910 – 15 September 1997) – famous [[Bulgaria]]n [[inventor]] and [[engineer]] who developed, together with [[Ivan Dimov (scientist)|Ivan Dimov]], a counter-pressure casting method which was a novelty in world foundry technology and was protected by over 100 patent documents in Bulgaria and abroad. |
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* Roumen Antonov |
* Roumen Antonov – invented a revolutionary continuously variable transmission,<ref>Linde, Arvid, 2011, Preston Tucker & Others: Tales of Brilliant Automotive Innovations, Veloce Publishing PLC, {{ISBN|978-1-84584-017-4}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Antonov's multi-speed transmission for electric cars won an award in the U.K. {{!}} MotorNature: cars for green drivers |url=http://www.motornature.com/2010/11/antonovs-multi-speed-transmission-for-electric-cars-won-an-award-in-the-u-k/ |access-date=2023-02-02 |language=en-US}}</ref> which was never produced.<ref>[https://fd.nl/binaries/08/98/27/Krant-20130506%20-0-017-023.pdf Mysterie achter Antonov zal nog blijven voortleven]. Financieel Dagblad, May 6th, 2013</ref> |
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== Science == |
== Science == |
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[[File:Gsnadjakov.jpg|thumb|Prof. Georgi Nadjakov discovered the photoelectrets.]] |
[[File:Gsnadjakov.jpg|thumb|Prof. Georgi Nadjakov discovered the photoelectrets.]] |
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[[File:Ivan Stranski professor 1940.jpg|thumb|Prof. Ivan Stranski, the father of the kinetic theory of crystal growth (1940)]] |
[[File:Ivan Stranski professor 1940.jpg|thumb|Prof. Ivan Stranski, the father of the kinetic theory of crystal growth (1940)]] |
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* [[Georgi Nadjakov]] |
* [[Georgi Nadjakov]] – discovered the [[photoelectret state]] essential to modern [[photocopying processes|photocopying]]. |
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* [[Ivan Stranski]] |
* [[Ivan Stranski]] – Prof. Stranski is considered the father of the kinetic theory of crystal growth research.<ref name="union">{{cite web|url=http://www.usb-bg.org/Bg/Abstract_Sretenova.htm|title=Ivan N. Stranski: An Exciting Journey to the Academic Top|last=Sretenova|first=Nikolina|publisher=Union of Scientists in Bulgaria|accessdate=2009-08-06}}</ref><ref name="quantum">{{cite web|url=http://quantum-history.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/news/lecturesColloquia|title=Iwan Nikolà STRANSKI (1897 – Sofia – 1979)|publisher=History and Foundations of Quantum Physics |language=German|accessdate=2009-08-06}}</ref> The Stranski-Krastanov growth and the Kossel-Stranski model have been named after him. |
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* [[Dimitar Ivanov Popov]] |
* [[Dimitar Ivanov Popov]] – [[Ivanov reaction]] is the [[chemical reaction]] of the di[[anion]]s (endiolates) of [[aryl]] [[acetic acid]]s (Ivanov reagents) with electrophiles, primarily [[carbonyl]] compounds or [[isocyanate]]s.{{Ref|Ivanov1931}}{{Ref|Ivanov1932}}{{Ref|Blagoev1970}}{{Ref|Ivanov1975}} |
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*[[Dimitar Sasselov]] |
*[[Dimitar Sasselov]] – in 2002 sighted the farthest planet from the [[Earth]] discovered until then – [[OGLE-TR-56b]]. |
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* [[Boicho Kokinov]] |
* [[Boicho Kokinov]] – [[DUAL (cognitive architecture)]]. |
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== See also == |
== See also == |
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[[List of Bulgarian inventions and creations]] |
* [[List of Bulgarian inventions and creations]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Inventions}} |
{{Inventions}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT: |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bulgarian Inventions and Discoveries}} |
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[[Category:Bulgarian inventions]] |
[[Category:Bulgarian inventions| ]] |
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[[Category:Lists of inventors |
[[Category:Lists of inventors]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Lists of Bulgarian people|Inventors and discoverers]] |
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[[Category:Bulgarian inventors]] |
[[Category:Bulgarian inventors| ]] |
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[[Category:History of science and technology by country |
[[Category:History of science and technology by country]] |
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[[Category:Lists of inventions or discoveries |
[[Category:Lists of inventions or discoveries]] |
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[[Category:Bulgaria history-related lists|Inventors]] |
This is a List of Bulgarian inventors and discoverers, working locally or overseas, and also a list of Bulgarian inventions and creations. The list comprises people from Bulgaria and also people of predominantly Bulgarian heritage.
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Lists of inventions or discoveries by country/region |
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Lists of inventors or discoverers by country/region |
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