List of Bulgarian inventors and discoverers: Difference between revisions

[[File:Coat-of-Arms-Bulgaria.jpg|thumb|Bulgaria – Coat of Arms "Unity Makes Strength"]]

* [[Early Renaissance]] of the [[Art School of Tarnovo|Tărnovo Artistic School]] – the world famous frescos in the [[Boyana Church]] from 1239 AD have been described by [[Andre Grabar]] and many scholars, as Early Renaissance or precursors of Renaissance Art well before this period started in Italy. The murals are work of the unknown Boyana Master and his disciples who are believed to have been [[Painting of the Tarnovo Artistic School|representatives]] of the Tarnovo Artistic School of the [[Second Bulgarian Empire]] (1185–1396AD). The frescos have been compared to the work of [[Giotto]] who is generally considered the first in a line of great artists who contributed to the Italian Renaissance. The Boyana Church has been declared by [[UNESCO]] a [[World Heritage Site]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Centre |first=UNESCO World Heritage |title=Boyana Church |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/42/ |access-date=2023-02-02 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |language=en}}</ref><ref>[http://archaeologyinbulgaria.com/2015/04/13/bulgarias-early-renaissance-boyana-church-has-the-most-impressive-crucifix-mural-curator-says/ Archeology in Bulgaria]</ref>

* [[Architecture of the Tarnovo Artistic School]] – characteristic for the Second Bulgarian Empire, influenced the architecture in many countries of [[Southeast Europe]] and parts of [[Central Europe]].

* [[Stamen Grigorov]] – discovered [[Lactobacillus bulgaricus|''Lactobacillus bulgaricus'']], patented [[bacteria]] used for the production of [[yogurt]] in 1905. The bacterium feeds on [[lactose]] to produce [[lactic acid]], which is used to preserve milk. He also made a major contribution to the creation of an anti-tuberculosis vaccine.

* [[Dimitar Paskov]] – created the medicine [[Galantamine|Nivalin]], used for the treatment of mild to moderate [[Alzheimer's disease]] and various other [[memory]] impairments, in particular those of [[vascular]] origin.

* [[Samuel Refetoff]] – discovered the [[Refetoff syndrome]], resistance to thyrotropin (RTSH) and the inherited defect that affects the metabolism of thyroid hormones through mutations in SECISBP2 gene.<ref>[https://www.endocrine.org/~/media/endosociety/Files/About%20Us/Sawin/Samuel-Refetoff_9-2011.pdf SAMUEL REFETOFF, MD, Interview conducted by Michael Chappelle, June 4, 2011]</ref>

*[[Ivan Mitev]] – discovered the sixth [[heart sound]].<ref>{{cite journal| pmid=404983 | volume=70 | title=[The 6th heart sound] | year=1977 | journal=Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss | pages=265–72 | last1 = Mitev | first1 = I| issue=3 }}</ref>

[[File:Cyrillic Alphabet as invented by St. Clement of Ohrid.jpg|thumb|The Cyrillic Alphabet created in the Pliska-Preslav Literary School, used by most Slavic people (right). Its predecessor – the Glagolitic alphabet by Sts. Cyril and Methodius (left).]]

[[File:Ivan ALexander and his family Tetraevangelia.jpg|thumb|right|200px|One of the 366 miniatures of the [[Tetraevangelia of Ivan Alexander]] (1355–1356) – one of the most famous works of the Tarnovo Literary School]]

* The [[Early Cyrillic script]] created in the [[Preslav Literary School|Pliska-Preslav Literary School]] in the 9th century. The Bulgarian scholars and writers, as St. [[Clement of Ohrid]] and St. [[Naum of Preslav]], were among the most prominent and close disciples of [[Saints Cyril and Methodius]] and among the creators not only of the first [[Slavic languages|Slavic]] alphabet – the [[Glagolitic alphabet|Glagolitic]] (not officially used nowadays), but also of the new Bulgarian [[Cyrillic alphabet]], named after their teacher and mentor Saint Cyril. This alphabetic writing system is nowadays employed across [[Southeast Europe|Southeast]] and Eastern Europe, also in North and [[Central Asia]]. This is the major Bulgarian contribution to the European civilization produced during the [[Golden Age of Bulgaria]] during the [[First Bulgarian Empire]], the period of the [[Bulgarian culture|Bulgarian cultural]] prosperity during the reign of emperor [[Simeon I of Bulgaria|Simeon I the Great]] (889–927).

*[[Georgi Lozanov]] – the teaching method [[Suggestopedia]], a portmanteau of "[[suggestion]]s" and "pedagogy" used to learn foreign languages, was first developed in the 1970s and utilize positive suggestions in teaching language. In 1978, the psychiatrist Lozanov presented the method to a commission in Paris at UNESCO.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000030087?posInSet=1&queryId=97c00842-1872-42c6-be70-3f81470da00a|access-date=2020-12-20|website=unesdoc.unesco.org}}</ref>

* [[Elias Canetti]] – Nobel laureate in Literature 1981 "for writings marked by a broad outlook, a wealth of ideas and artistic power"<ref name="Literature1981">{{cite web|url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1981/index.html|title=Nobel Prize in Literature 1981|publisher=Nobel Foundation|accessdate=2008-10-17}}</ref>

* Simeon Petrov – Captain Simeon Petrov, Bulgarian Air Force, invented the world's first purpose-built air-to-surface bomb in 1912. The innovations included aerodynamically stabilized x-tail and an impact detonator. The majority of aircraft bombs to date follow Petrov's design. The Bulgarian Air Force deployed the original prototype, thus becoming the first military force in the world to conduct tactical airplane bombing in a full-scale war in 1912.

* [[Assen Jordanoff]] (September 2, 1896 – October 19, 1967) was a [[Bulgarian American]] [[inventor]], [[engineer]], and [[aviator]]. Jordanoff is considered to be the founder of [[aeronautical engineering]] in Bulgaria, as well as a contributor to the development of [[aviation]] in the United States. Inventor of:

** the Jordaphone – the predecessor of the modern [[Answering machine]] and [[Tape recorder]];

* Ivan (John) Notchev – Bulgarian American aviation engineer and invertor of the jet engines of the [[Lunar Module Eagle|Eagle lunar module]]. They provide the smooth landing of the module module with the cosmonauts, and then their successful return and docking with the spacecraft waiting for them in orbit.

* [[Angel Balevski]] (4 March 1910 – 15 September 1997) – famous [[Bulgaria]]n [[inventor]] and [[engineer]] who developed, together with [[Ivan Dimov (scientist)|Ivan Dimov]], a counter-pressure casting method which was a novelty in world foundry technology and was protected by over 100 patent documents in Bulgaria and abroad.

* Roumen Antonov – invented a revolutionary continuously variable transmission,<ref>Linde, Arvid, 2011, Preston Tucker & Others: Tales of Brilliant Automotive Innovations, Veloce Publishing PLC, {{ISBN|978-1-84584-017-4}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Antonov's multi-speed transmission for electric cars won an award in the U.K. {{!}} MotorNature: cars for green drivers |url=http://www.motornature.com/2010/11/antonovs-multi-speed-transmission-for-electric-cars-won-an-award-in-the-u-k/ |access-date=2023-02-02 |language=en-US}}</ref> which was never produced.<ref>[https://fd.nl/binaries/08/98/27/Krant-20130506%20-0-017-023.pdf Mysterie achter Antonov zal nog blijven voortleven]. Financieel Dagblad, May 6th, 2013</ref>

* [[Georgi Nadjakov]] – discovered the [[photoelectret state]] essential to modern [[photocopying processes|photocopying]].

* [[Ivan Stranski]] – Prof. Stranski is considered the father of the kinetic theory of crystal growth research.<ref name="union">{{cite web|url=http://www.usb-bg.org/Bg/Abstract_Sretenova.htm|title=Ivan N. Stranski: An Exciting Journey to the Academic Top|last=Sretenova|first=Nikolina|publisher=Union of Scientists in Bulgaria|accessdate=2009-08-06}}</ref><ref name="quantum">{{cite web|url=http://quantum-history.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/news/lecturesColloquia|title=Iwan Nikolà STRANSKI (1897&nbsp;– Sofia&nbsp;– 1979)|publisher=History and Foundations of Quantum Physics |language=German|accessdate=2009-08-06}}</ref> The Stranski-Krastanov growth and the Kossel-Stranski model have been named after him.

* [[Dimitar Ivanov Popov]] – [[Ivanov reaction]] is the [[chemical reaction]] of the di[[anion]]s (endiolates) of [[aryl]] [[acetic acid]]s (Ivanov reagents) with electrophiles, primarily [[carbonyl]] compounds or [[isocyanate]]s.{{Ref|Ivanov1931}}{{Ref|Ivanov1932}}{{Ref|Blagoev1970}}{{Ref|Ivanov1975}}

*[[Dimitar Sasselov]] – in 2002 sighted the farthest planet from the [[Earth]] discovered until then – [[OGLE-TR-56b]].

* [[Boicho Kokinov]] – [[DUAL (cognitive architecture)]].