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Contents

   



(Top)
  


1 9th century  




2 11th century  




3 12th century  




4 13th century  




5 15th century  




6 16th century  




7 18th century  




8 See also  




9 References  













List of cardinals excommunicated by the Catholic Church: Difference between revisions







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{{short description|None}}

Only a few dozen [[cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinals]] of the [[Roman Catholic Church]] have been [[excommunication|excommunicated]]. A cardinal is a Roman Catholic [[priest]], [[deacon]], or [[bishop]] entitled to vote in a [[papal election]], collectively known as the [[College of Cardinals]]. Excommunication&mdash;literally, the denial of [[Full communion|communion]]&mdash;means that a person is barred from participating in the [[Sacraments of the Catholic Church|Sacraments]] or holding [[Catholic Church hierarchy|ecclesiastical office]]. ''[[Ne Romani]]'' (1311), promulgated by [[Pope Clement V]] during the [[Council of Vienne]], extended suffrage in papal election to excommunicated cardinals in an attempt to limit [[schism]]s.<ref>Miranda, S. 1998. "[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/guide-xiv.htm Guide to documents and events]". Florida International University.</ref>


{{one source|date=April 2016}}

This list includes only cardinals who have been explicitly excommunicated by a [[pope]] or [[ecumenical council]], rather than those who (depending on one's interpretation) may have been excommunicated ''[[latae sententiae]]''. For example, several precepts of papal election law proscribed automatic excommunication, such as ''[[Licet de vitanda]]'' of the [[Lateran Council]] which prohibited election by one-third, and [[Pope Pius X]]'s ''[[Commisum nobis]]'', which made the exercise of the ''[[jus exclusivae]]'' by any cardinal punishable by excommunication.<ref>Miranda, S. 1998. "[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/guide-xii.htm Guide to documents and events]". Florida International University.</ref><ref>Miranda, S. 1998. "[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/guide-xx.htm Guide to documents and events]". Florida International University.</ref> It also does not include excommunicated quasi-cardinals (cardinals elevated by [[antipope]]s) or clerics excommunicated before receiving the [[red hat]].

{{canon law}}

Only a few dozen [[Cardinal (Catholic Church)|cardinals]] of the [[Roman Catholic Church]] have been [[Excommunication in the Catholic Church|excommunicated]] by the [[Catholic Church]]. A cardinal is a Roman Catholic [[priest]], [[deacon]], or [[bishop]] entitled to vote in a [[papal election]]. They are collectively known as the [[College of Cardinals]].


Excommunication&mdash;literally, the denial of [[Full communion|communion]]&mdash;usually means that a person is barred from participating in the [[Sacraments of the Catholic Church|Sacraments]] or holding [[Catholic Church hierarchy|ecclesiastical office]]. ''[[Ne Romani]]'' (1311), [[Promulgation (Catholic canon law)|promulgated]] by [[Pope Clement V]] during the [[Council of Vienne]], extended suffrage in papal election to excommunicated cardinals in an attempt to limit [[Schism (religion)|schism]]s.<ref>Miranda, S. 1998. "[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/guide-xiv.htm Guide to documents and events]". Florida International University.</ref>

Many excommunicated cardinals reconciled (most often with the successor of their excommunicator) and had their offices restored. Some would later be elected [[pope]]; for example, [[Pope Formosus]] and [[Pope Sergius III]].



This list includes only cardinals who have been explicitly excommunicated by a [[pope]] or [[ecumenical council]], rather than those who (depending on one's interpretation) may have been excommunicated ''[[latae sententiae]]''. For example, several precepts of papal election law prescribed automatic excommunication, such as ''[[Licet de vitanda]]'' of the [[Lateran Council]] which prohibited election by one-third, and [[Pope Pius X]]'s ''[[Commissum Nobis]]'', which made the exercise of the ''[[jus exclusivae]]'' by any cardinal punishable by excommunication.<ref>Miranda, S. 1998. "[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/guide-xii.htm Guide to documents and events]". Florida International University.</ref><ref>Miranda, S. 1998. "[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/guide-xx.htm Guide to documents and events]". Florida International University.</ref> It also does not include excommunicated quasi-cardinals (cardinals elevated by [[antipope]]s) or clerics excommunicated before receiving the [[Galero|red hat]].

==9th century==

[[File:Jean Paul Laurens Le Pape Formose et Etienne VII 1870.jpg|thumb|right|[[Pope Formosus]], who was posthumously exhumed and tried in the [[Cadaver Synod]], had previously been excommunicated by his predecessor as pope; all the participants in the Cadaver Synod themselves were later excommunicated]]

Many excommunicated cardinals reconciled (most often with the successor of their excommunicator) and had their offices restored. Some would later be elected [[pope]]; for example, [[Pope Formosus|Formosus]] and [[Pope Sergius III|Sergius III]].

{| class=prettytable

! width="10%"|Cardinal

== 9th century ==

! width="10%"|Elevating pope

[[File:Jean Paul Laurens Le Pape Formose et Etienne VI 1870.jpg|thumb|right|[[Pope Formosus]], who was posthumously exhumed and tried in the [[Cadaver Synod]], had previously been excommunicated by his predecessor as pope; all the participants in the Cadaver Synod themselves were later excommunicated]]

! width="10%"|Date of elevation

{|class=wikitable

! width="20%"|Excommunicating pope or council

! width="10%"|Date of excommunication

!width="10%"|Cardinal

! width="20%"|Reason

!width="10%"|Elevating pope

! width="20%"|Notes

!width="10%"|Date of elevation

!width="20%"|Excommunicating pope or council

!width="10%"|Date of excommunication

!width="20%"|Reason

!width="20%"|Notes

|-

|-

|Rodoaldo, bishop of Porto

|Rodoaldo, bishop of Porto
Line 22: Line 28:

|864

|864

|[[Simony]]

|[[Simony]]

|<ref name="m9">Miranda, S. 1998. "[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/consistories-ix.htm IX Century (795-900)]". Florida International University.</ref>

|<ref name="m9">Miranda, S. 1998. "[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/consistories-ix.htm 19th Century (795-900)]". Florida International University.</ref>

|-

|-

|Anastasio ''il Bibliotecario''

|Anastasio ''il Bibliotecario''
Line 45: Line 51:

|[[Pope John IX|John IX]]/Roman Synod

|[[Pope John IX|John IX]]/Roman Synod

|April 898

|April 898

|Role in the Cadaver Synod

|Role in the [[Cadaver Synod]]

|Later reconciled; future Pope Sergius III<ref name="m9"/>

|Later reconciled; future Pope Sergius III<ref name="m9"/>

|-

|-
Line 53: Line 59:

|[[Pope John IX|John IX]]/Roman Synod

|[[Pope John IX|John IX]]/Roman Synod

|April 898

|April 898

|Role in the Cadaver Synod

|Role in the [[Cadaver Synod]]

|<ref name="m9"/>

|<ref name="m9"/>

|-

|-
Line 61: Line 67:

|[[Pope John IX|John IX]]/Roman Synod

|[[Pope John IX|John IX]]/Roman Synod

|April 898

|April 898

|Role in the Cadaver Synod

|Role in the [[Cadaver Synod]]

|<ref name="m9"/>

|<ref name="m9"/>

|-

|-
Line 69: Line 75:

|[[Pope John IX|John IX]]/Roman Synod

|[[Pope John IX|John IX]]/Roman Synod

|April 898

|April 898

|Role in the Cadaver Synod

|Role in the [[Cadaver Synod]]

|<ref name="m9"/>

|<ref name="m9"/>

|-

|-
Line 77: Line 83:

|[[Pope John IX|John IX]]/Roman Synod

|[[Pope John IX|John IX]]/Roman Synod

|April 898

|April 898

|Role in the Cadaver Synod

|Role in the [[Cadaver Synod]]

|<ref name="m9"/>

|<ref name="m9"/>

|-

|-
Line 85: Line 91:

|[[Pope John IX|John IX]]/Roman Synod

|[[Pope John IX|John IX]]/Roman Synod

|April 898

|April 898

|Role in the Cadaver Synod

|Role in the [[Cadaver Synod]]

|<ref name="m9"/>

|<ref name="m9"/>

|-

|-
Line 93: Line 99:

|[[Pope John IX|John IX]]/Roman Synod

|[[Pope John IX|John IX]]/Roman Synod

|April 898

|April 898

|Role in the Cadaver Synod

|Role in the [[Cadaver Synod]]

|<ref name="m9"/>

|<ref name="m9"/>

|}

|}


==11th century==

== 11th century ==

[[File:Francisco de Borja.jpg|thumb|right|[[Francisco de Borja]] died before learning of his excommunication.]]

[[File:Francisco de Borja.jpg|thumb|right|[[Francisco de Borja]] died before learning of his excommunication.]]

{| class=prettytable

{|class=wikitable

! width="10%"|Cardinal

!width="10%"|Cardinal

! width="10%"|Elevating pope

!width="10%"|Elevating pope

! width="10%"|Date of elevation

!width="10%"|Date of elevation

! width="20%"|Excommunicating pope or council

!width="20%"|Excommunicating pope or council

! width="10%"|Date of excommunication

!width="10%"|Date of excommunication

! width="20%"|Reason

!width="20%"|Reason

! width="20%"|Notes

!width="20%"|Notes

|-

|-

|[[Hugues Le Blanc]]

|[[Hugh of Remiremont]]

|[[Pope Leo IX|Leo IX]]

|[[Pope Leo IX|Leo IX]]

|1049

|

|[[Pope Gregory VII|Gregory VII]]/Roman synod of Letran

|[[Pope Gregory VII|Gregory VII]]/Roman synod of Letran

|March 3, 1078

|March 3, 1078

|[[Simony]]

|[[Simony]]

|Joined [[Antipope Clement III]]<ref>Miranda, S. 1998. "[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/consistories-xi.htm XI Century (999-1099)]". Florida International University.</ref>

|Joined [[Antipope Clement III]]<ref>Miranda, S. 1998. "[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/consistories-xi.htm 11th Century (999-1099)]". Florida International University.</ref>

|}

==12th century==

{| class=prettytable

! width="10%"|Cardinal

! width="10%"|Elevating pope

! width="10%"|Date of elevation

! width="20%"|Excommunicating pope or council

! width="10%"|Date of excommunication

! width="20%"|Reason

! width="20%"|Notes

|-

|[[Antipope Anacletus II|Pietro Pierleoni]]

|[[Pope Paschal II|Paschal II]]

|1106

|[[Pope Innocent II|Innocent II]]/[[Council of Reims]]

|October 18, 1131

|Election as Antipope Anacletus II

|<ref name="m12">Miranda, S. 1998. "[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/consistories-xii.htm XII Century (1099-1198)]". Florida International University.</ref>

|-

|-

|[[Richard Milhau]]

|[[Richard Milhau]]
Line 142: Line 129:

|Joined allegiance of [[Antipope Clement III]]

|Joined allegiance of [[Antipope Clement III]]

|<ref>Miranda, S. 1998. "[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1078.htm Consistory of 1078 (V)]". Florida International University.</ref>

|<ref>Miranda, S. 1998. "[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1078.htm Consistory of 1078 (V)]". Florida International University.</ref>

|}

== 12th century ==

{|class=wikitable

!width="10%"|Cardinal

!width="10%"|Elevating pope

!width="10%"|Date of elevation

!width="20%"|Excommunicating pope or council

!width="10%"|Date of excommunication

!width="20%"|Reason

!width="20%"|Notes

|-

|[[Antipope Anacletus II|Pietro Pierleoni]]

|[[Pope Paschal II|Paschal II]]

|ca.1112

|[[Pope Innocent II|Innocent II]]/[[Council of Reims]]

|October 18, 1131

|Election as Antipope Anacletus II

|<ref name="m12">Miranda, S. 1998. "[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/consistories-xii.htm 12th Century (1099-1198)]". Florida International University.</ref>

|-

|-

|[[Antipope Victor IV|Ottaviano de' Monticelli]]

|[[Antipope Victor IV (1159–1164)|Ottaviano de' Monticelli]]

|[[Pope Innocent II|Innocent II]]

|[[Pope Innocent II|Innocent II]]

|1138

|1138
Line 152: Line 158:

|}

|}


==15th century==

== 13th century ==

{| class=prettytable

{|class=wikitable

! width="10%"|Cardinal

!width="10%"|Cardinal

! width="10%"|Elevating pope

!width="10%"|Elevating pope

! width="10%"|Date of elevation

!width="10%"|Date of elevation

! width="20%"|Excommunicating pope or council

!width="20%"|Excommunicating pope or council

! width="10%"|Date of excommunication

!width="10%"|Date of excommunication

! width="20%"|Reason

!width="20%"|Reason

! width="20%"|Notes

!width="20%"|Notes

|-

|[[Riccardo di Montecassino|Riccardo]]

|[[Pope Innocent IV|Innocent IV]] or [[Pope Alexander IV|Alexander IV]]

|Between 1252 and 1256

|[[Pope Alexander IV|Alexander IV]]

|April 10, 1259

|He participated in the coronation of [[Manfred of Sicily|Manfred Hohenstauf]]

|<ref name="m13">Miranda, S. 1998. "[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/consistories-xiii.htm 13th Century (1198-1303)]". Florida International University.</ref><ref>Klaus Ganzer: ''Die Entwicklung des auswärtigen Kardinalats im hohen Mittelalter'', Max Niemeyer Verlag Tübingen 1963, pp. 169-171 no. 86.</ref>

|-

|[[Giacomo Colonna (cardinal)|Giacomo Colonna]]

|[[Pope Nicholas III|Nicholas III]]

|March 12, 1278

|[[Pope Boniface VIII|Boniface VIII]]

|May 10, 1297

|He corresponded secretly with [[Frederick III of Sicily]] and with [[Philip IV of France]]; and refused to surrender to the pope the fortresses that he possessed

|Rehabilitated by Benedict XI (1303–1304) and reinstated by Clement V on December 17, 1305<ref name="m13"/>

|-

|[[Pietro Colonna]]

|[[Pope Nicholas IV|Nicholas IV]]

|May 16, 1288

|[[Pope Boniface VIII|Boniface VIII]]

|May 10, 1297

|He corresponded secretly with [[Frederick III of Sicily]] and with [[Philip IV of France]]; and refused to surrender to the pope the fortresses that he possessed

|Rehabilitated by Benedict XI (1303–1304) and reinstated by Clement V on December 17, 1305<ref name="m13"/>

|}

== 15th century ==

{|class=wikitable

!width="10%"|Cardinal

!width="10%"|Elevating pope

!width="10%"|Date of elevation

!width="20%"|Excommunicating pope or council

!width="10%"|Date of excommunication

!width="20%"|Reason

!width="20%"|Notes

|-

|-

|[[Louis Aleman]]

|[[Louis Aleman]]
Line 167: Line 208:

|[[Pope Eugene IV|Eugene IV]]

|[[Pope Eugene IV|Eugene IV]]

|December 11, 1440

|December 11, 1440

|Role in the [[Council of Basle]]

|Role in the [[Council of Basel]]

|Reconciled with Nicholas V<ref>Miranda, S. 1998. "[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1449-ii.htm Consistory of December 19, 1449 (IV)]". Florida International University.</ref>

|Reconciled with Nicholas V<ref>Miranda, S. 1998. "[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1449-ii.htm Consistory of December 19, 1449 (IV)]". Florida International University.</ref>

|}

|}


==16th century==

== 16th century ==

[[File:09julius.jpg|thumb|right|[[Pope Julius II]] excommunicated all cardinals who participated in the Council of Pisa (1511).]]

[[File:Pope_Julius_II.jpg|thumb|right|[[Pope Julius II]] excommunicated all cardinals who participated in the [[Fifth Council of the Lateran|Council of Pisa]] (1511).]]

{| class=prettytable

{|class=wikitable

! width="10%"|Cardinal

!width="10%"|Cardinal

! width="10%"|Elevating pope

!width="10%"|Elevating pope

! width="10%"|Date of elevation

!width="10%"|Date of elevation

! width="20%"|Excommunicating pope or council

!width="20%"|Excommunicating pope or council

! width="10%"|Date of excommunication

!width="10%"|Date of excommunication

! width="20%"|Reason

!width="20%"|Reason

! width="20%"|Notes

!width="20%"|Notes

|-

|-

|[[Francisco de Borja]]

|[[Francisco de Borja]]
Line 187: Line 228:

|[[Pope Julius II|Julius II]]

|[[Pope Julius II|Julius II]]

|October 24, 1511

|October 24, 1511

|Role in the Council of Pisa

|Role in the [[Fifth Council of the Lateran|Council of Pisa]]

|[[Cardinal-nephew]]; Died before his concillar colleagues reconciled<ref>Miranda, S. 1998. "[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1500-ii.htm Consistory of September 28, 1500 (IX)]". Florida International University.</ref>

|[[Cardinal-nephew]]; Died before his concillar colleagues reconciled<ref>Miranda, S. 1998. "[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1500-ii.htm Consistory of September 28, 1500 (IX)]". Florida International University.</ref>

|-

|-

|[[Federico di Sanseverino]]

|[[Federico di Sanseverino]]

|[[Pope Innocent VIII|Innocent VIII]]

|

|March 9, 1489

|

|[[Pope Julius II|Julius II]]

|[[Pope Julius II|Julius II]]

|October 24, 1511

|October 24, 1511

|Role in the Council of Pisa

|Role in the Council of Pisa

|Reconciled with Leo X<ref name="mc16">Miranda, S. 1998. "[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/conclave-xvi.htm Conclaves of the XVI Century (1503-1592)]". Florida International University.</ref>

|Reconciled with Leo X<ref name="mc16">Miranda, S. 1998. "[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/conclave-xvi.htm Conclaves of the 16th Century (1503-1592)]". Florida International University.</ref>

|-

|-

|[[Bernardino López de Carvajal]]

|[[Bernardino López de Carvajal]]

|[[Pope Alexander VI|Alexander VI]]

|

|September 20, 1493

|September 20, 1493

|[[Pope Julius II|Julius II]]

|[[Pope Julius II|Julius II]]

|October 24, 1511

|October 24, 1511

|Role in the Council of Pisa

|Role in the Council of Pisa

|Reconciled with Leo X<ref name="mc16">Miranda, S. 1998. "[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/conclave-xvi.htm Conclaves of the XVI Century (1503-1592)]". Florida International University.</ref>

|Reconciled with Leo X<ref name="mc16"/>

|-

|-

|[[Guillaume Briçonnet]]

|[[Guillaume Briçonnet (Cardinal)|Guillaume Briçonnet]]

|[[Pope Alexander VI|Alexander VI]]

|

|January 16, 1495

|January 16, 1495

|[[Pope Julius II|Julius II]]

|[[Pope Julius II|Julius II]]

|October 24, 1511

|October 24, 1511

|Role in the Council of Pisa

|Role in the Council of Pisa

|Reconciled with Leo X<ref name="mc16">Miranda, S. 1998. "[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/conclave-xvi.htm Conclaves of the XVI Century (1503-1592)]". Florida International University.</ref>

|Reconciled with Leo X<ref name="mc16"/>

|-

|-

|[[René de Prie]]

|[[René de Prie]]

|[[Pope Julius II|Julius II]]

|

|December 18, 1506

|

|[[Pope Julius II|Julius II]]

|[[Pope Julius II|Julius II]]

|October 24, 1511

|October 24, 1511

|Role in the Council of Pisa

|Role in the Council of Pisa

|Reconciled with Leo X<ref name="mc16">Miranda, S. 1998. "[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/conclave-xvi.htm Conclaves of the XVI Century (1503-1592)]". Florida International University.</ref>

|Reconciled with Leo X<ref name="mc16"/>

|-

|[[Odet de Coligny]]

|[[Pope Clement VII|Clement VII]]

|7 November 1533

|[[Pope Pius IV|Pius IV]]

|31 March 1563

|Apostasy (conversion to Calvinism)

|Never ordained. Died in exile in England, buried in [[Canterbury Cathedral]]

|}

|}


==18th century==

== 18th century ==

{| class=prettytable

{|class=wikitable

! width="10%"|Cardinal

!width="10%"|Cardinal

! width="10%"|Elevating pope

!width="10%"|Elevating pope

! width="10%"|Date of elevation

!width="10%"|Date of elevation

! width="20%"|Excommunicating pope or council

!width="20%"|Excommunicating pope or council

! width="10%"|Date of excommunication

!width="10%"|Date of excommunication

! width="20%"|Reason

!width="20%"|Reason

! width="20%"|Notes

!width="20%"|Notes

|-

|-

|[[Niccolò Coscia]]

|[[Niccolò Coscia]]
Line 238: Line 287:

|[[Pope Clement XII|Clement XII]]

|[[Pope Clement XII|Clement XII]]

|May 9, 1733

|May 9, 1733

|Financial irregularities

|

|Reconciled with Clement XII<ref>Miranda, S. 1998. "[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/consistories-xviii.htm XVIII Century (1700-1799)]". Florida International University.</ref>

|Reconciled with Clement XII<ref>Miranda, S. 1998. "[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/consistories-xviii.htm 18th Century (1700-1799)]". Florida International University.</ref>

|}

|}


==References==

==See also==

*[[List of people excommunicated by the Roman Catholic Church]]

== References ==

{{reflist|2}}

{{reflist|2}}


[[Category:People excommunicated by the Roman Catholic Church| ]]

[[Category:People excommunicated by the Catholic Church| ]]

[[Category:Lists of Roman Catholics|Excommunicated]]

[[Category:Lists of cardinals|Excommunicated]]

Latest revision as of 22:52, 12 April 2024

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    • Only a few dozen cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church have been excommunicated by the Catholic Church. A cardinal is a Roman Catholic priest, deacon, or bishop entitled to vote in a papal election. They are collectively known as the College of Cardinals.

    Excommunication—literally, the denial of communion—usually means that a person is barred from participating in the Sacraments or holding ecclesiastical office. Ne Romani (1311), promulgatedbyPope Clement V during the Council of Vienne, extended suffrage in papal election to excommunicated cardinals in an attempt to limit schisms.[1]

    This list includes only cardinals who have been explicitly excommunicated by a popeorecumenical council, rather than those who (depending on one's interpretation) may have been excommunicated latae sententiae. For example, several precepts of papal election law prescribed automatic excommunication, such as Licet de vitanda of the Lateran Council which prohibited election by one-third, and Pope Pius X's Commissum Nobis, which made the exercise of the jus exclusivae by any cardinal punishable by excommunication.[2][3] It also does not include excommunicated quasi-cardinals (cardinals elevated by antipopes) or clerics excommunicated before receiving the red hat.

    Many excommunicated cardinals reconciled (most often with the successor of their excommunicator) and had their offices restored. Some would later be elected pope; for example, Formosus and Sergius III.

    9th century[edit]

    Pope Formosus, who was posthumously exhumed and tried in the Cadaver Synod, had previously been excommunicated by his predecessor as pope; all the participants in the Cadaver Synod themselves were later excommunicated
    Cardinal Elevating pope Date of elevation Excommunicating pope or council Date of excommunication Reason Notes
    Rodoaldo, bishop of Porto Leo IV 853 Nicholas I 864 Simony [4]
    Anastasio il Bibliotecario Leo IV 847 Council of Rome
    Council of Ravenna
    Council of Rome     		December 6, 860
    May 29, 853
    December 8, 853     		Intrigue against the pope Reconciled with Nicholas I and Adrian II[4]
    Formoso Nicholas I 861 John VIII 867 Various charges Reconciled with Marinus I; future Pope Formosus; re-excommunicated posthumously by the Cadaver Synod[4]
    Sergio Stephen V ante 897 John IX/Roman Synod April 898 Role in the Cadaver Synod Later reconciled; future Pope Sergius III[4]
    Benedetto Formosus ante 896 John IX/Roman Synod April 898 Role in the Cadaver Synod [4]
    Martino Formosus ante 896 John IX/Roman Synod April 898 Role in the Cadaver Synod [4]
    Giovanni Formosus ante 896 John IX/Roman Synod April 898 Role in the Cadaver Synod [4]
    Pasquale Formosus ante 896 John IX/Roman Synod April 898 Role in the Cadaver Synod [4]
    Giovanni Formosus ante 896 John IX/Roman Synod April 898 Role in the Cadaver Synod [4]
    Leone Formosus ante 896 John IX/Roman Synod April 898 Role in the Cadaver Synod [4]

    11th century[edit]

    Francisco de Borja died before learning of his excommunication.
    Cardinal Elevating pope Date of elevation Excommunicating pope or council Date of excommunication Reason Notes
    Hugh of Remiremont Leo IX 1049 Gregory VII/Roman synod of Letran March 3, 1078 Simony Joined Antipope Clement III[5]
    Richard Milhau Gregory VII Ante May 7, 1078 Victor III/Council of Benevento August 1087 Joined allegiance of Antipope Clement III [6]

    12th century[edit]

    Cardinal Elevating pope Date of elevation Excommunicating pope or council Date of excommunication Reason Notes
    Pietro Pierleoni Paschal II ca.1112 Innocent II/Council of Reims October 18, 1131 Election as Antipope Anacletus II [7]
    Ottaviano de' Monticelli Innocent II 1138 Alexander III 1162 and 1163 Election as Antipope Victor IV [7]

    13th century[edit]

    Cardinal Elevating pope Date of elevation Excommunicating pope or council Date of excommunication Reason Notes
    Riccardo Innocent IVorAlexander IV Between 1252 and 1256 Alexander IV April 10, 1259 He participated in the coronation of Manfred Hohenstauf [8][9]
    Giacomo Colonna Nicholas III March 12, 1278 Boniface VIII May 10, 1297 He corresponded secretly with Frederick III of Sicily and with Philip IV of France; and refused to surrender to the pope the fortresses that he possessed Rehabilitated by Benedict XI (1303–1304) and reinstated by Clement V on December 17, 1305[8]
    Pietro Colonna Nicholas IV May 16, 1288 Boniface VIII May 10, 1297 He corresponded secretly with Frederick III of Sicily and with Philip IV of France; and refused to surrender to the pope the fortresses that he possessed Rehabilitated by Benedict XI (1303–1304) and reinstated by Clement V on December 17, 1305[8]

    15th century[edit]

    Cardinal Elevating pope Date of elevation Excommunicating pope or council Date of excommunication Reason Notes
    Louis Aleman Eugene IV Eugene IV December 11, 1440 Role in the Council of Basel Reconciled with Nicholas V[10]

    16th century[edit]

    Pope Julius II excommunicated all cardinals who participated in the Council of Pisa (1511).
    Cardinal Elevating pope Date of elevation Excommunicating pope or council Date of excommunication Reason Notes
    Francisco de Borja Alexander VI September 28, 1500 Julius II October 24, 1511 Role in the Council of Pisa Cardinal-nephew; Died before his concillar colleagues reconciled[11]
    Federico di Sanseverino Innocent VIII March 9, 1489 Julius II October 24, 1511 Role in the Council of Pisa Reconciled with Leo X[12]
    Bernardino López de Carvajal Alexander VI September 20, 1493 Julius II October 24, 1511 Role in the Council of Pisa Reconciled with Leo X[12]
    Guillaume Briçonnet Alexander VI January 16, 1495 Julius II October 24, 1511 Role in the Council of Pisa Reconciled with Leo X[12]
    René de Prie Julius II December 18, 1506 Julius II October 24, 1511 Role in the Council of Pisa Reconciled with Leo X[12]
    Odet de Coligny Clement VII 7 November 1533 Pius IV 31 March 1563 Apostasy (conversion to Calvinism) Never ordained. Died in exile in England, buried in Canterbury Cathedral

    18th century[edit]

    Cardinal Elevating pope Date of elevation Excommunicating pope or council Date of excommunication Reason Notes
    Niccolò Coscia Benedict XIII June 11, 1725 Clement XII May 9, 1733 Financial irregularities Reconciled with Clement XII[13]

    See also[edit]

    References[edit]

    1. ^ Miranda, S. 1998. "Guide to documents and events". Florida International University.
  • ^ Miranda, S. 1998. "Guide to documents and events". Florida International University.
  • ^ Miranda, S. 1998. "Guide to documents and events". Florida International University.
  • ^ a b c d e f g h i j Miranda, S. 1998. "19th Century (795-900)". Florida International University.
  • ^ Miranda, S. 1998. "11th Century (999-1099)". Florida International University.
  • ^ Miranda, S. 1998. "Consistory of 1078 (V)". Florida International University.
  • ^ a b Miranda, S. 1998. "12th Century (1099-1198)". Florida International University.
  • ^ a b c Miranda, S. 1998. "13th Century (1198-1303)". Florida International University.
  • ^ Klaus Ganzer: Die Entwicklung des auswärtigen Kardinalats im hohen Mittelalter, Max Niemeyer Verlag Tübingen 1963, pp. 169-171 no. 86.
  • ^ Miranda, S. 1998. "Consistory of December 19, 1449 (IV)". Florida International University.
  • ^ Miranda, S. 1998. "Consistory of September 28, 1500 (IX)". Florida International University.
  • ^ a b c d Miranda, S. 1998. "Conclaves of the 16th Century (1503-1592)". Florida International University.
  • ^ Miranda, S. 1998. "18th Century (1700-1799)". Florida International University.

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