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Only a few dozen [[cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinals]] of the [[Roman Catholic Church]] have been [[excommunication|excommunicated]]. A cardinal is a Roman Catholic [[priest]], [[deacon]], or [[bishop]] entitled to vote in a [[papal election]], collectively known as the [[College of Cardinals]]. Excommunication—literally, the denial of [[Full communion|communion]]—means that a person is barred from participating in the [[Sacraments of the Catholic Church|Sacraments]] or holding [[Catholic Church hierarchy|ecclesiastical office]]. ''[[Ne Romani]]'' (1311), promulgated by [[Pope Clement V]] during the [[Council of Vienne]], extended suffrage in papal election to excommunicated cardinals in an attempt to limit [[schism]]s.<ref>Miranda, S. 1998. "[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/guide-xiv.htm Guide to documents and events]". Florida International University.</ref> |
Only a few dozen [[cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinals]] of the [[Roman Catholic Church]] have been [[excommunication|excommunicated]]. A cardinal is a Roman Catholic [[priest]], [[deacon]], or [[bishop]] entitled to vote in a [[papal election]], collectively known as the [[College of Cardinals]]. Excommunication—literally, the denial of [[Full communion|communion]]—means that a person is barred from participating in the [[Sacraments of the Catholic Church|Sacraments]] or holding [[Catholic Church hierarchy|ecclesiastical office]]. ''[[Ne Romani]]'' (1311), promulgated by [[Pope Clement V]] during the [[Council of Vienne]], extended suffrage in papal election to excommunicated cardinals in an attempt to limit [[Schism (religion)|schism]]s.<ref>Miranda, S. 1998. "[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/guide-xiv.htm Guide to documents and events]". Florida International University.</ref> |
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This list includes only cardinals who have been explicitly excommunicated by a [[pope]] or [[ecumenical council]], rather than those who (depending on one's interpretation) may have been excommunicated ''[[latae sententiae]]''. For example, several precepts of papal election law proscribed automatic excommunication, such as ''[[Licet de vitanda]]'' of the [[Lateran Council]] which prohibited election by one-third, and [[Pope Pius X]]'s ''[[Commisum nobis]]'', which made the exercise of the ''[[jus exclusivae]]'' by any cardinal punishable by excommunication.<ref>Miranda, S. 1998. "[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/guide-xii.htm Guide to documents and events]". Florida International University.</ref><ref>Miranda, S. 1998. "[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/guide-xx.htm Guide to documents and events]". Florida International University.</ref> It also does not include excommunicated quasi-cardinals (cardinals elevated by [[antipope]]s) or clerics excommunicated before receiving the [[Galero|red hat]]. |
This list includes only cardinals who have been explicitly excommunicated by a [[pope]] or [[ecumenical council]], rather than those who (depending on one's interpretation) may have been excommunicated ''[[latae sententiae]]''. For example, several precepts of papal election law proscribed automatic excommunication, such as ''[[Licet de vitanda]]'' of the [[Lateran Council]] which prohibited election by one-third, and [[Pope Pius X]]'s ''[[Commisum nobis]]'', which made the exercise of the ''[[jus exclusivae]]'' by any cardinal punishable by excommunication.<ref>Miranda, S. 1998. "[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/guide-xii.htm Guide to documents and events]". Florida International University.</ref><ref>Miranda, S. 1998. "[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/guide-xx.htm Guide to documents and events]". Florida International University.</ref> It also does not include excommunicated quasi-cardinals (cardinals elevated by [[antipope]]s) or clerics excommunicated before receiving the [[Galero|red hat]]. |
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Only a few dozen cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church have been excommunicated. A cardinal is a Roman Catholic priest, deacon, or bishop entitled to vote in a papal election, collectively known as the College of Cardinals. Excommunication—literally, the denial of communion—means that a person is barred from participating in the Sacraments or holding ecclesiastical office. Ne Romani (1311), promulgated by Pope Clement V during the Council of Vienne, extended suffrage in papal election to excommunicated cardinals in an attempt to limit schisms.[1]
This list includes only cardinals who have been explicitly excommunicated by a popeorecumenical council, rather than those who (depending on one's interpretation) may have been excommunicated latae sententiae. For example, several precepts of papal election law proscribed automatic excommunication, such as Licet de vitanda of the Lateran Council which prohibited election by one-third, and Pope Pius X's Commisum nobis, which made the exercise of the jus exclusivae by any cardinal punishable by excommunication.[2][3] It also does not include excommunicated quasi-cardinals (cardinals elevated by antipopes) or clerics excommunicated before receiving the red hat.
Many excommunicated cardinals reconciled (most often with the successor of their excommunicator) and had their offices restored. Some would later be elected pope; for example, Formosus and Sergius III.
| Cardinal | Elevating pope | Date of elevation | Excommunicating pope or council | Date of excommunication | Reason | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rodoaldo, bishop of Porto | Leo IV | 853 | Nicholas I | 864 | Simony | [4] |
| Anastasio il Bibliotecario | Leo IV | 847 | Council of Rome Council of Ravenna Council of Rome |
December 6, 860 May 29, 853 December 8, 853 |
Intrigue against the pope | Reconciled with Nicholas I and Adrian II[4] |
| Formoso | Nicholas I | 861 | John VIII | 867 | Various charges | Reconciled with Marinus I; future Pope Formosus; re-excommunicated posthumously by the Cadaver Synod[4] |
| Sergio | Stephen V | ante 897 | John IX/Roman Synod | April 898 | Role in the Cadaver Synod | Later reconciled; future Pope Sergius III[4] |
| Benedetto | Formosus | ante 896 | John IX/Roman Synod | April 898 | Role in the Cadaver Synod | [4] |
| Martino | Formosus | ante 896 | John IX/Roman Synod | April 898 | Role in the Cadaver Synod | [4] |
| Giovanni | Formosus | ante 896 | John IX/Roman Synod | April 898 | Role in the Cadaver Synod | [4] |
| Pasquale | Formosus | ante 896 | John IX/Roman Synod | April 898 | Role in the Cadaver Synod | [4] |
| Giovanni | Formosus | ante 896 | John IX/Roman Synod | April 898 | Role in the Cadaver Synod | [4] |
| Leone | Formosus | ante 896 | John IX/Roman Synod | April 898 | Role in the Cadaver Synod | [4] |
| Cardinal | Elevating pope | Date of elevation | Excommunicating pope or council | Date of excommunication | Reason | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hugues Le Blanc | Leo IX | Gregory VII/Roman synod of Letran | March 3, 1078 | Simony | Joined Antipope Clement III[5] |
| Cardinal | Elevating pope | Date of elevation | Excommunicating pope or council | Date of excommunication | Reason | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pietro Pierleoni | Paschal II | 1106 | Innocent II/Council of Reims | October 18, 1131 | Election as Antipope Anacletus II | [6] |
| Richard Milhau | Gregory VII | Ante May 7, 1078 | Victor III/Council of Benevento | August 1087 | Joined allegiance of Antipope Clement III | [7] |
| Ottaviano de' Monticelli | Innocent II | 1138 | Alexander III | 1162 and 1163 | Election as Antipope Victor IV | [6] |
| Cardinal | Elevating pope | Date of elevation | Excommunicating pope or council | Date of excommunication | Reason | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Louis Aleman | Eugene IV | Eugene IV | December 11, 1440 | Role in the Council of Basle | Reconciled with Nicholas V[8] |
| Cardinal | Elevating pope | Date of elevation | Excommunicating pope or council | Date of excommunication | Reason | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Francisco de Borja | Alexander VI | September 28, 1500 | Julius II | October 24, 1511 | Role in the Council of Pisa | Cardinal-nephew; Died before his concillar colleagues reconciled[9] |
| Federico di Sanseverino | Julius II | October 24, 1511 | Role in the Council of Pisa | Reconciled with Leo X[10] | ||
| Bernardino López de Carvajal | Alexander VI | September 20, 1493 | Julius II | October 24, 1511 | Role in the Council of Pisa | Reconciled with Leo X[10] |
| Guillaume Briçonnet | Alexander VI | January 16, 1495 | Julius II | October 24, 1511 | Role in the Council of Pisa | Reconciled with Leo X[10] |
| René de Prie | Julius II | October 24, 1511 | Role in the Council of Pisa | Reconciled with Leo X[10] |
| Cardinal | Elevating pope | Date of elevation | Excommunicating pope or council | Date of excommunication | Reason | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Niccolò Coscia | Benedict XIII | June 11, 1725 | Clement XII | May 9, 1733 | Reconciled with Clement XII[11] |
