Mega Manila: Difference between revisions

{{Short description|Megalopolis in the Philippines}}

{{Infobox settlement

| name = Mega Manila

| image_skyline = Taft Avenue (aerial view) (Ermita, Manila)(2018-02-20).jpg

| image_alt =

| image_caption = Metro Manila skyline

| image_map = Mega Manila location.PNG

| map_caption = Location of Mega Manila within the Philippines: blue (for the [[Greater Manila Area]]) and yellow, according to the [[Presidential Communications Group#Philippine Information Agency|Philippine Information Agency]]

| subdivision_type = Country

| subdivision_name = {{flagcountry|Philippines}}

| parts_type = [[Regions of the Philippines|Regions]]

| parts = [[Calabarzon]]<br />[[Central Luzon]]<br />[[Metro Manila]]<br />[[Mimaropa]] (except [[Palawan]])

| population_metro = 41099507

|population_density_metro_km2 = auto

| area_metro_km2 = 50525

| demographics_type2 = GDP

| demographics2_footnotes = <ref name="GDP">{{Cite web |title=2021 to 2023 Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP)|url=https://psa.gov.ph/statistics/grdp/tables|access-date=April 26, 2024 |publisher=[[Philippine Statistics Authority]]}}</ref>

| demographics2_title1 = Metro

| demographics2_info1 = [[Philippine peso|₱]] 14.131 trillion<br/>[[US$]] 254.364 billion (2023)

| demographics2_title2 = Per capita

| demographics2_info2 = ₱ 345,000<br/>US$ 6,200 (2023)

| timezone =

| utc_offset =

}}

[[File:Bacoor Aerial View Talaba.jpg|250px|thumb|[[Bacoor]] downtown area in [[Cavite]]]]

'''Mega Manila''' is a [[megalopolis]] on the island of [[Luzon]] in the Philippines. There are varying definitions of the megalopolis, but it is generally seen as encompassing the administrative regions of [[Central Luzon]], [[Calabarzon]], and [[Metro Manila]]. On some occasions, the administrative region of [[Mimaropa]] (excluding [[Palawan]]) is also included.

It is frequently used in the press, advertising, television, and radio to refer to provinces bound to Manila, in contrast to the term [[Greater Manila Area]], which is academically used to describe the [[urbanization]] process that has long spilled out of Metro Manila's borders, also known as the [[urban area|built-up area]]. Mapping out the built-up area around Manila requires finer [[granularity]] than the more generic term ''Mega Manila''.

It is also being used more and more recently in planning for infrastructure projects by the government, particularly by the [[National Economic and Development Authority]] (NEDA) and the [[Japan International Cooperation Agency]] (JICA).

''Mega Manila'' is used in general reference to the relationship of Metro Manila to the surrounding provinces. It references only provinces and not the exact settlement patterns of cities, towns, and barangays, which may be urban, suburban, mountainous, or rural areas that are still part of provinces close enough to Manila to be lumped into the definition.

Mega Manila, as a loose metropolitan area defined by the [[Presidential Communications Group#Philippine Information Agency|Philippine Information Agency]] (PIA), is divided into the National Capital Region ([[Metro Manila]]) and the suburbs of [[Central Luzon]], Calabarzon, and [[Mimaropa]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=MMIO Mandate and Objectives |url=http://www.pia.gov.ph/mmio.asp?fi=about |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060518173230/http://www.pia.gov.ph/mmio.asp?fi=about |archive-date=May 18, 2006 |access-date=February 18, 2023 |publisher=[[Presidential Communications Group#Philippine Information Agency|Philippine Information Agency]] |quote=The Mega Manila Information Office (MMIO) was created pursuant to PIA Order No. 6, series of 2004, consolidating the information services and delivery in the National Capital Region, Region 3 (Central Luzon) and Region 4A (CALABARZON) and 4B (MIMAROPA) and in adherence to the Agency's special order no. 341 rationalizing the regional organizational functions and structure of the Philippine Information Agency.}}</ref>

Mega Manila's 2015 population was projected at 40,368,979 or 40% of the country's population, and covers roughly half of Luzon, with an area of 52,097.66 square kilometers, including many rural areas.{{citation needed|date=February 2023}}

The [[National Economic and Development Authority]] (NEDA) defines Mega Manila as Metro Manila and the surrounding specific provinces of [[Bulacan]], [[Rizal (province)|Rizal]], [[Cavite]], and [[Laguna (province)|Laguna]], especially on its study "Roadmap for Transport Infrastructure Development for Metro Manila and its Surrounding Areas (Region III and Region IV-A)".<ref name="NEDA">{{Cite web |title=Roadmap for Transport Infrastructure Development for Metro Manila and its Surrounding Areas (Region III and Region IV-A) |url=https://neda.gov.ph/roadmap-transport-infrastructure-development-metro-manila-surrounding-areas-region-iii-region-iv/ |access-date=November 1, 2021 |website=[[National Economic and Development Authority]]}}</ref>

Notably, these collection of areas is also known as the ''[[Greater Manila Area]]''. Meanwhile, the NEDA study, which is a collaboration with the [[Japan International Cooperation Agency]] (JICA), considers Metro Manila, Central Luzon, and Calabarzon as the ''Greater Capital Region (GCR)''.<ref name="NEDA" />

TV ratings agency [[AGB Nielsen Philippines]] and [[Kantar Media Philippines]] consider Metro Manila and the [[Provinces of the Philippines|provinces]] of [[Bulacan]], [[Cavite]], [[Laguna (province)|Laguna]] and [[Rizal (province)|Rizal]] as "Mega Manila"<ref>{{Cite book |url=http://www.agbnielsen.com.ph/news/newsletter/monitor2.pdf |title=The Monitor |publisher=[[AGB Nielsen Philippines]] |volume=1 |publication-date=October 2001 |page=1 |format=PDF |access-date=February 18, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160411232553/http://www.agbnielsen.com.ph/news/newsletter/monitor2.pdf |archive-date=April 11, 2016 |url-status=dead |issue=1}}</ref> for their [[Audience measurement|TV ratings]] gathering (area highlighted in blue on the map), a much stricter definition than the PIA. Using census population in 2010<ref>{{Cite web |title=2000 Census-based Population Projections Table |url=https://www.census.gov.ph/data/sectordata/popproj_tab3r.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414212601/https://www.census.gov.ph/data/sectordata/popproj_tab3r.html |archive-date=April 14, 2012 |access-date=February 18, 2023 |publisher=[[Philippine Statistics Authority|National Statistics Office]]}}</ref> the area has a population of 25,066,000 or about 26.6% of the population in an area roughly the size of [[Los Angeles County]] and average density over 2000 people per square kilometer. As a comparison, only the cities of [[Tokyo]], [[Jakarta]], and [[Mexico City]] have reached 25 million people, [[Shanghai]] may have but there is not enough detail in suburban statistics on it. Both Mega Manila definitions only include entire provinces, without finer detail.

This Nielsen defined area has a higher ownership of televisions per household anywhere in the country due to its relative economic prosperity as compared to other areas in the country. Radio ratings agency Radio Research Council (provided by [[Kapisanan ng mga Brodkaster ng Pilipinas|KBP]]) also provide measurement of audience ratings.

{| class="wikitable"

|+Comparison of definitions by source

! rowspan="2" |Source

! rowspan="2" |Term

! rowspan="2" |[[Metro Manila|NCR]]

! colspan="7" |[[Central Luzon]]

! colspan="5" |[[Calabarzon]]

! colspan="5" |[[Mimaropa]]

|-

![[Aurora (province)|AUR]]

![[Bataan|BAN]]

![[Bulacan|BUL]]

![[Nueva Ecija|NUE]]

![[Pampanga|PAM]]

![[Tarlac|TAR]]

![[Zambales|ZMB]]

![[Batangas|BTG]]

![[Cavite|CAV]]

![[Laguna (province)|LAG]]

![[Quezon|QUE]]

![[Rizal (province)|RIZ]]

![[Marinduque|MAD]]

![[Palawan|PLW]]

![[Romblon|ROM]]

![[Occidental Mindoro|MDC]]

![[Oriental Mindoro|MDR]]

|-

! colspan="20" |Mega Manila

|-

|[[Philippine Information Agency|PIA]]

| rowspan="4" |Mega Manila

|{{Ya}}

|{{Ya}}

|{{Ya}}

|{{Ya}}

|{{Ya}}

|{{Ya}}

|{{Ya}}

|{{Ya}}

|{{Ya}}

|{{Ya}}

|{{Ya}}

|{{Ya}}

|{{Ya}}

|{{Ya}}

|{{Ya}}

|{{Ya}}

|{{Ya}}

|X{{Ya}}

|-

|[[AGB Nielsen Philippines|AGB Nielsen]]

|{{Ya}}

|

|

|{{Ya}}

|

|

|

|

|

|{{Ya}}

|{{Ya}}

|

|{{Ya}}

|

|

|

|

|

|-

|[[Kantar Media Philippines|Kantar Media]]

|{{Ya}}

|

|

|{{Ya}}

|

|

|

|

|

|{{Ya}}

|{{Ya}}

|

|{{Ya}}

|

|

|

|

|

|-

|[[National Economic and Development Authority|NEDA]], [[Japan International Cooperation Agency|JICA]]

|{{Ya}}

|

|

|{{Ya}}

|

|

|

|

|

|{{Ya}}

|{{Ya}}

|

|{{Ya}}

|

|

|

|

|

|-

! colspan="20" |Other terms

|-

|—

|[[Greater Manila Area]]

|{{Ya}}

|

|

|{{Ya}}

|

|

|

|

|

|{{Ya}}

|{{Ya}}

|

|{{Ya}}

|

|

|

|

|

|-

|[[National Economic and Development Authority|NEDA]], [[Japan International Cooperation Agency|JICA]]

|Greater Capital Region

|{{Ya}}

|{{Ya}}

|{{Ya}}

|{{Ya}}

|{{Ya}}

|{{Ya}}

|{{Ya}}

|{{Ya}}

|{{Ya}}

|{{Ya}}

|{{Ya}}

|{{Ya}}

|{{Ya}}

|

|

|

|

|

|}

== Statistics ==

Mega Manila encompasses the county's three most populated administrative regions – Calabarzon at number one, followed by [[Metro Manila]], and [[Central Luzon]] at third. The total population of Metro Manila and all the 12 provinces, including their three [[Independent cities of the Philippines|independent cities]], 47 [[Cities of the Philippines|component cities]], and 238 [[Municipalities of the Philippines|municipalities]], is 41,099,507 as of 2020. This means 38.6 percent of Philippine's total population all live inside Mega Manila.<ref>{{cite press release |title=2020 Census of Population and Housing|url=https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/attachments/ird/pressrelease/Press%20Release%20-%202020%20CPH%20Population%20Counts%20Press%20Release.pdf | access-date=9 December 2022 |publisher=[[Philippine Statistics Authority]]}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"

!Region

!Provinces

!{{Abbr|HUC|Highly urbanized cities}}

!{{Abbr|Ind.|Independent}} cities

!{{Abbr|Com.|Component}} cities

!Municipalities

!Population (2020)

|-

|[[Metro Manila]]

|{{NA}}

|16

|{{NA}}

|{{NA}}

|1

|13,484,462

|-

| rowspan="7" |[[Central Luzon]]

|[[Aurora (province)|Aurora]]

| colspan="2" rowspan="4" |0

|0

|8

|235,750

|-

|[[Bataan]]

|1

|11

|853,373

|-

|[[Bulacan]]

|3

|21

|3,708,890

|-

|[[Nueva Ecija]]

|5

|27

|2,310,134

|-

|[[Pampanga]]

|1

|[[Angeles City]]

|2

|19

|2,437,709

|-

|[[Tarlac]]

| colspan="2" |0

|1

|17

|1,503,456

|-

|[[Zambales]]

|1

|[[Olongapo]]

|0

|13

|649,615

|-

| rowspan="5" |[[Calabarzon]]

|[[Batangas]]

| colspan="2" rowspan="4" |0

|5

|29

|2,908,494

|-

|[[Cavite]]

|7

|16

|4,344,829

|-

|[[Laguna (province)|Laguna]]

|6

|24

|3,382,193

|-

|[[Rizal (province)|Rizal]]

|1

|13

|3,330,143

|-

|[[Quezon]]

|1

|[[Lucena]]

|0

|39

|1,950,459

|-

!Total

!12

!19

!3

!47

!238

!41,099,507

|}

== Areas under Mega Manila ==

=== Metro Manila ===

{{Main|Metro Manila}}

Officially called the [[Metro Manila|National Capital Region]], it consists the Philippines' capital city [[Manila]], 15 other cities, and one municipality. It is the seat of government of the Philippines. The cities of Metro Manila are the following:

{{Columns-list|colwidth=20em|

* [[Manila|City of Manila]]

* [[Quezon City]]

* [[Caloocan]]

* [[Las Piñas]]

* [[Makati]]

* [[Malabon]]

* [[Mandaluyong]]

* [[Marikina]]

* [[Muntinlupa]]

* [[Navotas]]

* [[Parañaque]]

* [[Pasay]]

* [[Pasig]]

* [[San Juan, Metro Manila|San Juan]]

* [[Taguig]]

* [[Valenzuela, Metro Manila|Valenzuela]]

* [[Pateros]] (municipality)

}}

=== Greater Manila Area ===

{{Main|Greater Manila Area}}

The continuous region surrounding the Metropolitan Manila area. The provinces and the cities inside Greater Manila Area are the following:

{{Columns-list|colwidth=20em|

* [[Metro Manila|Metropolitan Manila]]

** [[Manila|City of Manila]]

** [[Quezon City]]

** [[Caloocan]]

** [[Las Piñas]]

** [[Makati]]

** [[Malabon]]

** [[Mandaluyong]]

** [[Marikina]]

** [[Muntinlupa]]

** [[Navotas]]

** [[Parañaque]]

** [[Pasay]]

** [[Pasig]]

** [[San Juan, Metro Manila|San Juan]]

** [[Taguig]]

** [[Valenzuela, Metro Manila|Valenzuela]]

** [[Pateros]] (municipality)

* [[Bulacan]]

** [[Baliwag]]

** [[Malolos]]

** [[Meycauayan]]

** [[San Jose del Monte]]

** ''and 20 municipalities''

* [[Cavite]]

** [[Bacoor]]

** [[Carmona, Cavite|Carmona]]

** [[Cavite City]]

** [[Dasmariñas]]

** [[General Trias]]

** [[Imus]]

** [[Tagaytay]]

** [[Trece Martires]]

** ''and 15 municipalities''

* [[Laguna (province)|Laguna]]

** [[Biñan]]

** [[Cabuyao]]

** [[Calamba, Laguna|Calamba]]

** [[San Pablo, Laguna|San Pablo]]

** [[San Pedro, Laguna|San Pedro]]

** [[Santa Rosa, Laguna|Santa Rosa]]

** ''and 24 municipalities''

* [[Rizal (province)|Rizal]]

** [[Antipolo]]

** ''and 13 municipalities''

}}

=== Greater Capital Region ===

A concept used by urban planners to refer to a region consisting the three regions of [[Metro Manila]], [[Central Luzon]], and Calabarzon. It is used by JICA and NEDA as reference in their planning works. The provinces and cities in the Greater Capital Region are the following:

{{col-begin}}

{{col-3}}

* [[Metro Manila]]

** [[Manila|City of Manila]]

** [[Quezon City]]

** [[Caloocan]]

** [[Las Piñas]]

** [[Makati]]

** [[Malabon]]

** [[Mandaluyong]]

** [[Marikina]]

** [[Muntinlupa]]

** [[Navotas]]

** [[Parañaque]]

** [[Pasay]]

** [[Pasig]]

** [[San Juan, Metro Manila|San Juan]]

** [[Taguig]]

** [[Valenzuela, Metro Manila|Valenzuela]]

** [[Pateros]] (municipality)

{{col-3}}

*[[Aurora (province)|Aurora]]

** ''With 8 municipalities''

* [[Bataan]]

** [[Balanga, Bataan|Balanga]]

** ''And 11 municipalities''

*[[Bulacan]]

** [[Baliwag]]

** [[Malolos]]

** [[Meycauayan]]

** [[San Jose del Monte]]

** ''and 20 municipalities''

* [[Nueva Ecija]]

** [[Cabanatuan]]

** [[Gapan]]

** [[Muñoz, Nueva Ecija|Muñoz]]

** [[Palayan]]

** [[San Jose, Nueva Ecija|San Jose]]

** ''and 27 municipalities''

* [[Pampanga]]

** [[Angeles City]]

** [[Mabalacat]]

** [[San Fernando, Pampanga|San Fernando]]

** ''and 19 municipalities''

*[[Tarlac]]

** [[Tarlac City]]

** ''and 17 municipalities''

* [[Zambales]]

** [[Olongapo]]

** ''and 13 municipalities''

{{col-3}}

* [[Batangas]]

** [[Batangas City]]

** [[Calaca, Batangas|Calaca]]

** [[Lipa, Batangas|Lipa]]

** [[Santo Tomas, Batangas|Santo Tomas]]

** [[Tanauan, Batangas|Tanauan]]

** ''and 29 municipalities''

* [[Cavite]]

** [[Bacoor]]

** [[Carmona, Cavite|Carmona]]

** [[Cavite City]]

** [[Dasmariñas]]

** [[General Trias]]

** [[Imus]]

** [[Tagaytay]]

** [[Trece Martires]]

** ''and 15 municipalities''

* [[Laguna (province)|Laguna]]

** [[Biñan]]

** [[Cabuyao]]

** [[Calamba, Laguna|Calamba]]

** [[San Pablo, Laguna|San Pablo]]

** [[San Pedro, Laguna|San Pedro]]

** [[Santa Rosa, Laguna|Santa Rosa]]

** ''and 24 municipalities''

*[[Rizal (province)|Rizal]]

** [[Antipolo]]

** ''and 13 municipalities''

* [[Quezon]]

** [[Lucena]]

** [[Tayabas, Quezon|Tayabas]]

** ''and 39 municipalities''

{{col-end}}

== See also ==

* Mega Manila

** [[Greater Manila Area]]

*** [[Metro Manila]]