according to the source cited, it is 20.596 ± 7.098 Mpc
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{{short description| |
{{short description|Galaxy in the constellation Ursa Major}} |
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{{Infobox galaxy |
{{Infobox galaxy |
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| name=[[Messier Catalogue|Messier]] 109<ref name="AnA"/> |
| name=[[Messier Catalogue|Messier]] 109<ref name="AnA"/> |
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| image=[[Image: |
| image=[[Image:Messier109 - SDSS DR14 (panorama).jpg|300px]] |
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| caption=Barred spiral galaxy Messier 109 |
| caption=Barred spiral galaxy Messier 109 |
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| epoch=[[J2000]] |
| epoch=[[J2000]] |
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|z = {{val|0.003496|0.000004}}<ref name=ned/> |
|z = {{val|0.003496|0.000004}}<ref name=ned/> |
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| gal_v={{val|1121|3|u=km/s}}<ref name=ned/> |
| gal_v={{val|1121|3|u=km/s}}<ref name=ned/> |
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|dist_ly = {{convert|67.2|+/-|23|Mly|Mpc| |
|dist_ly = {{convert|67.2|+/-|23.2|Mly|Mpc|1|lk=on|abbr=on}} |
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| names={{odlist|NGC=3992|PGC=37617|UGC=6937|MCG=+09-20-044|IRAS=11549+5339}}<ref name=ned/> |
| names={{odlist|NGC=3992|PGC=37617|UGC=6937|MCG=+09-20-044|IRAS=11549+5339}}<ref name=ned/> |
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| references = [[SIMBAD]]: [http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=M109 Search M109] |
| references = [[SIMBAD]]: [http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=M109 Search M109] |
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}} |
}} |
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'''Messier 109''' (also known as '''NGC 3992''') is a [[barred spiral galaxy]] exhibiting a weak inner ring structure around the central bar approximately {{nowrap|67.2 ± 23 million [[light-year]]s}}<ref name=ned-dist/> away in the [[celestial hemisphere|northern]] [[constellation]] [[Ursa Major]]. M109 can be seen south-east of the star [[Phecda]] (γ UMa, Gamma Ursa Majoris). |
'''Messier 109''' (also known as '''NGC 3992''' or the '''Vacuum Cleaner Galaxy''') is a [[barred spiral galaxy]] exhibiting a weak inner ring structure around the central bar approximately {{nowrap|67.2 ± 23 million [[light-year]]s}}<ref name=ned-dist/> away in the [[celestial hemisphere|northern]] [[constellation]] [[Ursa Major]]. M109 can be seen south-east of the star [[Phecda]] (γ UMa, Gamma Ursa Majoris). |
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==History== |
==History== |
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In March 1956 came M109's sole event-observed [[supernova]], SN 1956A. It was a [[type Ia supernova]] in the south-east part of the galaxy, glowing at magnitude 12.8, reaching 12.3 at its maximum. |
In March 1956 came M109's sole event-observed [[supernova]], SN 1956A. It was a [[type Ia supernova]] in the south-east part of the galaxy, glowing at magnitude 12.8, reaching 12.3 at its maximum. |
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This galaxy is |
This galaxy is the most distant object in the Messier Catalog, followed by [[Messier 91|M91]]. |
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M109 has three [[satellite galaxies]] ([[UGC 6923]], [[UGC 6940]] and [[UGC 6969]]) and possibly more. Detailed [[hydrogen line]] observations have been obtained from M109 and its satellites. M109's [[H I region|H I (H one)]] distribution is regular with a low-level radial extension outside the stellar disc, while in the bar is a central H I hole in the gas distribution. Possibly the gas has been transported inwards by the bar, and because of the emptiness of the hole no large accretion events can have happened in the recent past.<ref name="bott"/> |
M109 has three [[satellite galaxies]] ([[UGC 6923]], [[UGC 6940]] and [[UGC 6969]]) and possibly more. Detailed [[hydrogen line]] observations have been obtained from M109 and its satellites. M109's [[H I region|H I (H one)]] distribution is regular with a low-level radial extension outside the stellar disc, while in the bar is a central H I hole in the gas distribution. Possibly the gas has been transported inwards by the bar, and because of the emptiness of the hole no large accretion events can have happened in the recent past.<ref name="bott"/> |
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== Gallery == |
== Gallery == |
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<gallery heights=180 widths=180> |
<gallery heights=180 widths=180> |
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File:M109 NGC 3992.png|M109 NGC3992, J87 Observatory |
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File:Messier109 - SDSS DR14 (panorama).jpg|M109 image by Sloan Digital Sky Survey |
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File:M109HunterWilson09.jpg|Amateur image of Messier 109 |
File:M109HunterWilson09.jpg|Amateur image of Messier 109 |
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File:M109 wfc3 2flat new-1-cropped.jpg|Core of galaxy M109, Hubble image captured by Wide Field Camera 3 |
File:M109 wfc3 2flat new-1-cropped.jpg|Core of galaxy M109, Hubble image captured by Wide Field Camera 3 |
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[[Category:Barred spiral galaxies]] |
[[Category:Barred spiral galaxies]] |
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[[Category:M109 Group]] |
[[Category:M109 Group]] |
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[[Category:Ursa Major |
[[Category:Ursa Major]] |
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[[Category:Messier objects|109]] |
[[Category:Messier objects|109]] |
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[[Category:NGC objects]] |
[[Category:NGC objects]] |
Messier 109[1] | |
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Observation data (J2000 epoch) | |
Constellation | Ursa Major |
Right ascension | 11h57m 36.0s[2] |
Declination | +53° 22′ 28″[2] |
Redshift | 0.003496±0.000004[2] |
Heliocentric radial velocity | 1048±1 km/s[2] |
Galactocentric velocity | 1121±3 km/s[2] |
Distance | 67.2 ± 23.2 Mly (20.6 ± 7.1 Mpc) |
Apparent magnitude (V) | 9.8[3] |
Characteristics | |
Type | SB(rs)bc,[2] LINER/HII[2] |
Apparent size (V) | 7.6 × 4.7 moa[2] |
Other designations | |
IRAS 11549+5339, NGC 3992, UGC 6937, MCG +09-20-044, PGC 37617[2] | |
References: SIMBAD: Search M109 |
Messier 109 (also known as NGC 3992 or the Vacuum Cleaner Galaxy) is a barred spiral galaxy exhibiting a weak inner ring structure around the central bar approximately 67.2 ± 23 million light-years[4] away in the northern constellation Ursa Major. M109 can be seen south-east of the star Phecda (γ UMa, Gamma Ursa Majoris).
Messier 109 was discovered by Pierre Méchain in 1781. Two years later Charles Messier catalogued the object, as an appended object to his publication.
Between the 1920s through the 1950s, it was considered that Messier objects over 103 were not official, but later the additions, further referred target objects from Méchain, became more widely accepted. David H. Levy mentions the modern 110 object catalog while Sir Patrick Moore places the limit at 104 objects but has M105 to 109 listed as addenda. By the late 1970s all 110 objects are commonly used among astronomers and remain so.
In March 1956 came M109's sole event-observed supernova, SN 1956A. It was a type Ia supernova in the south-east part of the galaxy, glowing at magnitude 12.8, reaching 12.3 at its maximum.
This galaxy is the most distant object in the Messier Catalog, followed by M91.
M109 has three satellite galaxies (UGC 6923, UGC 6940 and UGC 6969) and possibly more. Detailed hydrogen line observations have been obtained from M109 and its satellites. M109's H I (H one) distribution is regular with a low-level radial extension outside the stellar disc, while in the bar is a central H I hole in the gas distribution. Possibly the gas has been transported inwards by the bar, and because of the emptiness of the hole no large accretion events can have happened in the recent past.[5]
M109 is the brightest galaxy in the M109 Group, a large group of galaxies in the constellation Ursa Major that may number over 50.[6][7][8][9]
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