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{{Infobox organization |
{{Infobox organization |
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| name = Misión Tiburón |
| name = Misión Tiburón |
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| founder = Ilena Zanella, Andres Lopez |
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| founding_location = Costa Rica |
| founding_location = Costa Rica |
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| type = [[Conservation |
| type = [[Conservation organization|Conservation association]] |
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| headquarters = Guanacaste, Costa Rica |
| headquarters = Guanacaste, Costa Rica |
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'''Misión Tiburón''' is a non profit organisation established in 2009, based on the Pacific coast of [[Costa Rica]]. Founded by marine biologists and conservationists Ilena Zanella and Andres Lopez, the organisation focuses on marine research concerning sharks, sea turtles and rays as well as education programs targeted at local coastal communities.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=http://misiontiburon.org/en/|title=Mision Tiburon – Mision Tiburon Costa Rica|access-date=2019-09-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190831054152/http://misiontiburon.org/en/|archive-date=2019-08-31|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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'''Misión Tiburón''' |
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is a non profit organisation established in 2009, based on the Pacific coast of [[Costa Rica]]. Founded by marine biologists and conservationists Ilena Zanella and Andres Lopez, the organisation focuses on marine research concerning sharks, sea turtles and rays as well as education programs targeted at local coastal communities<ref>http://misiontiburon.org/en/</ref>. |
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[[File:Illena Zanella and Andres Lopez.jpg|thumb|Illena Zanella and Andrez Lopez]] |
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<!--- Categories ---> |
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==Operations and organisations== |
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The conservationist association Misión Tiburón, based on the Pacific coast of [[Costa Rica]], is a non profit organisation established in 2009. Founded by marine biologists and conservationists Ilena Zanella and Andres Lopez, the organisation focuses on marine research concerning sharks, sea turtles and rays as well as education programs targeted at local coastal communities<ref>http://misiontiburon.org/en/</ref>. |
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==Operations== |
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Misión Tiburón has its operations center in Guanacaste Province, in the North Pacific of Costa Rica. Since 2019, Misión Tiburón also carries out regular shark tagging operations from Golfito, in southern Costa Rica. |
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The organisation focuses its efforts on three main areas: marine education, marine research and political and social advocacy.<ref name="auto"/> The main aim of its marine education operations is to raise awareness within Costa Rica as well as globally of the importance of sharks in the oceans, the threats that they are facing and their sharp population decline. The scientific marine research area focuses on sharks and other marine species in order to determine management strategies, hence promote their conservation and responsible use. It is the aim of its political and social advocacy area to use technical and scientific information as a tool for influencing civil society and public policy to promote the conservation of sharks and others marine species. |
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==Notable initiatives and programs== |
==Notable initiatives and programs== |
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[[File:Hammerhead shark, Cocos Island, Costa Rica.jpg|thumb|Hammerhead shark, [[Cocos Island]], [[Costa Rica]] ]] |
[[File:Hammerhead shark, Cocos Island, Costa Rica.jpg|thumb|Hammerhead shark, [[Cocos Island]], [[Costa Rica]] ]] |
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The [[scalloped hammerhead shark]] (''Sphyrna lewini'') suffered global population decreases of 95% as a result of horrific “[[Shark finning |
The [[scalloped hammerhead shark]] (''Sphyrna lewini'') suffered global population decreases of 95% as a result of horrific “[[Shark finning|finning]]” practices, as well as accidental bycatch in long line fishing in pelagic waters.<ref>Ocean Sentry (2018, January 27) ''Scalloped hammerhead shark''. Retrieved from http://www.oceansentry.org/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190828003820/http://www.oceansentry.org/ |date=2019-08-28 }} (2019, September 10)</ref> Juveniles, despite having too small fins, are still kept and used as bait for larger sharks.<ref>Mission Blue (2019, February 4). ''HOPE SPOT DECLARED AT GOLFO DULCE, COSTA RICA IN SUPPORT OF NURSERY FOR ENDANGERED SCALLOPED HAMMERHEAD SHARKS''. Retrieved from https://mission-blue.org/(2019, September 10)</ref> The scalloped hammerhead is one of the sharks most affected by such practises, and according to [[IUCN Red List]] is endangered; being a highly [[Animal migration | migratory species]], it is very vulnerable, as conservation efforts have to take place across many nations.<ref name="IUCN">{{Cite journal | author = Baum, J. | author2 = Clarke, S. | author3 = Domingo, A. | author4 = Ducrocq, M. | author5 = Lamónaca, A.F. | author6 = Gaibor, N. | author7 = Jorgensen, S. | author8 = Graham, R. | author9 = Kotas, J.E. | author10 = Medina, E. | author11 = Martinez-Ortiz, J. | author12 = Monzini Taccone di Sitizano, J | author13 = Morales, M.R. | author14 = Navarro, S.S. | author15 = Pérez-Jiménez, J.C. | author16 = Ruiz, C. | author17 = Smith, W. | author18 = Valenti, S.V. | author19 = Vooren, C.M. | name-list-style = amp | title = ''Sphyrna lewini.'' | journal = [[The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]] | volume = 2009 | page = e.T39385A10190088 | publisher = [[IUCN]] | date = 2009 | url = https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/39385/10190088 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2007.RLTS.T39385A10190088.en | access-date = 11 September 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190820232847/https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/39385/10190088 | archive-date = 20 August 2019 | url-status = live | doi-access = free }}</ref> In Costa Rica, the traditional dish [[ceviche]] incorporates Hammerhead shark meat, contributing to the decline of these vulnerable populations.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-48626224|title=One woman's mission to protect hammerhead shark|first=Helen|last=Briggs|work=BBC News|date=June 17, 2019|access-date=September 11, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190829100340/https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-48626224|archive-date=August 29, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Following empirical observations in the waters surrounding [[Cocos Island]] off the pacific coast of Costa Rica, it was found that populations of adult scalloped hammerhead sharks declined by 45% despite [[Cocos Island]] being a protected national park.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TqR96cUkkSw |title=Mission Shark Documentaries: Golfo Dulce and the Hammerhead shark |via=Youtube.com}}</ref> Misión Tiburón collected scientific data using satellite [[telemetry]] and acoustic telemetry shark tagging methods<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TqR96cUkkSw|title=Mission Shark Documentaries: Golfo Dulce and the Hammerhead shark|via=www.youtube.com}}</ref> providing evidence, from a high abundance of juveniles, that the coastal waters in Golfo Dulce were critical to the scalloped hammerhead’s survival. Misión Tiburón’s data indicated that whilst adult sharks feed in the rich [[pelagic waters]] surrounding [[Cocos Island]], they must migrate over 300 miles – along an [[Undersea mountain range | underwater mountain range]] – to reach the [[mangrove]] coastal region of Golfo Dulce where females give birth to live young. The pups then remain in the sheltered root system, thriving off rich nutrient waters and benefiting from the protection by avoiding predators.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://misiontiburon.org/en/hammerhead-shark/ |title= Hammerhead Shark Conservation |website= Misión Tiburón |access-date= 11 September 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190824233511/http://misiontiburon.org/en/hammerhead-shark/ |archive-date= 24 August 2019 |url-status= live }}</ref> As a result of Misión Tiburón’s work, the coastal regions of [[Golfo Dulce, Costa Rica|Golfo Dulce]] were assigned as the Scalloped Hammerhead Shark Sanctuary by the government of Costa Rica: this marked the first shark sanctuary in Costa Rica as well as the first shark sanctuary in the world focused on protecting juvenile sharks.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://whitleyaward.org/winners/strengthened-sanctuary-for-the-scalloped-hammerhead-shark/ |title= Strengthened sanctuary for the scalloped hammerhead shark |website= Whitley Fund for Nature |date= 24 April 2019 |access-date= 11 September 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190824233512/https://whitleyaward.org/winners/strengthened-sanctuary-for-the-scalloped-hammerhead-shark/ |archive-date= 24 August 2019 |url-status= live }}</ref> The protected area covers over 10,000 acres of habitat in the Golfo Dulce region.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.rainforesttrust.org/two-rainforest-trust-supported-projects-win-whitley-awards/ |title= Two Rainforest Trust Partners Win Whitley Awards |last= Lemelin |first= Madison |date= May 22, 2019 |website= Rainforest Trust |access-date= 11 September 2019 |quote= '10,000 acres of habitat necessary for the Scalloped Hammerhead and other species in Golfo Dulce’s rich array of biodiversity. ' |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190522214031/https://www.rainforesttrust.org/two-rainforest-trust-supported-projects-win-whitley-awards/ |archive-date= 22 May 2019 |url-status= live }}</ref> |
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[[File:Illena Zanella with a juvenile scalloped hammerhead shark in Golfo Dulce.jpg|thumb|Illena Zanella with a juvenile scalloped hammerhead shark in [[Golfo Dulce, Costa Rica|Golfo Dulce]]]] |
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|url= http://misiontiburon.org/en/hammerhead-shark/ |
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|title= Hammerhead Shark Conservation |
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|website= Misión Tiburón |
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|access-date= 11 September 2019 |
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|quote= }}</ref>. As a result of Misión Tiburón’s work, the coastal regions of [[Golfo Dulce]] were assigned as the Scalloped Hammerhead Shark Sanctuary by the government of Costa Rica: this marked the first shark sanctuary in Costa Rica as well as the first shark sanctuary in the world focused on protecting juvenile sharks<ref>{{cite web |
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|url= https://whitleyaward.org/winners/strengthened-sanctuary-for-the-scalloped-hammerhead-shark/ |
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|title= Strengthened sanctuary for the scalloped hammerhead shark |
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|last= |
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|website= Whitley Fund for Nature |
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|access-date= 11 September 2019 |
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|quote= }}</ref>. The protected area covers over 10,000 acres of habitat in the Golfo Dulce region<ref>{{cite web |
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|url= https://www.rainforesttrust.org/two-rainforest-trust-supported-projects-win-whitley-awards/ |
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|title= Two Rainforest Trust Partners Win Whitley Awards |
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|last= Lemelin |
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|first= Madison |
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|date= May 22, 2019 |
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|website= Rainforest Trust |
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|publisher= |
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|access-date= 11 September 2019 |
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|quote= '10,000 acres of habitat necessary for the Scalloped Hammerhead and other species in Golfo Dulce’s rich array of biodiversity. '}}</ref>. |
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[[File:Illena Zanella with a juvenile scalloped hammerhead shark in Golfo Dulce.jpg|thumb|Illena Zanella with a juvenile scalloped hammerhead shark in [[Golfo Dulce]]]] |
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===Whitetip Shark Project=== |
===Whitetip Shark Project=== |
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The [[whitetip reef shark]] (''Triaenodon obesus'') gains its name from the unmissable white tipped dorsal and caudal fins, inhabiting global tropical coastal waters as well as [[coral reefs]]. The Whitetip shark populations are threatened by multiple human activities including fishing; in Costa Rica, Misión Tiburón is focusing on conserving these sharks through tagging programs to track their populations, of which little is currently known. The program focuses around [[Cocos Island National Park]] and other hot spots off the Pacific Coast of Costa Rica<ref>{{cite web |
The [[whitetip reef shark]] (''Triaenodon obesus'') gains its name from the unmissable white tipped dorsal and caudal fins, inhabiting global tropical coastal waters as well as [[coral reefs]]. The Whitetip shark populations are threatened by multiple human activities including fishing; in Costa Rica, Misión Tiburón is focusing on conserving these sharks through tagging programs to track their populations, of which little is currently known. The program focuses around [[Cocos Island National Park]] and other hot spots off the Pacific Coast of Costa Rica.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://misiontiburon.org/en/the-whitetip-project/ |title= The Whitetip Project |website= Misión Tiburón |access-date= 11 September 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190824233534/http://misiontiburon.org/en/the-whitetip-project/ |archive-date= 24 August 2019 |url-status= live }}</ref> |
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|url= http://misiontiburon.org/en/the-whitetip-project/ |
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|title= The Whitetip Project |
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|website= Misión Tiburón |
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|access-date= 11 September 2019 |
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|quote= }}</ref>. |
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===Bull Shark Project=== |
===Bull Shark Project=== |
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The [[bull shark]] (''Carcharhinus leucas'') is a [[Animal migration | migratory]] species distributed globally |
The [[bull shark]] (''Carcharhinus leucas'') is a [[Animal migration | migratory]] species distributed globally – in mostly warm, shallow waters such as rivers and estuaries, being fresh or [[salt water]]. Juvenile sharks require the protection of mangrove coastal regions, such as Potrero Grande Mangrove and Punta Respingue Mangrove in Costa Rica, to thrive. These important habitats and populations lack scientific data, which could aid in the conservation of this species vulnerable to fisheries. Misión Tiburón aims to collect such data using acoustic and satellite tagging programs, utilising their findings to promote conservation of the Bull Sharks by working with local communities and approaching the governmental sector.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://misiontiburon.org/en/the-bull-shark-project/ |title= The Bull Shark Project |website= Misión Tiburón |access-date= 11 September 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190824233536/http://misiontiburon.org/en/the-bull-shark-project/ |archive-date= 24 August 2019 |url-status= live }}</ref> |
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|url= http://misiontiburon.org/en/the-bull-shark-project/ |
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|title= The Bull Shark Project |
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|website= Misión Tiburón |
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|access-date= 11 September 2019 |
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|quote= }}</ref>. |
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===Marine Education=== |
===Marine Education=== |
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Misión Tiburón recognises that conservation involves education, their motto being “conocer para proteger”; as part of their work to conserve the [[scalloped hammerhead shark]], they run educational activities in local coastal communities as well as participatory workshops with local fishermen operating in the [[Golfo Dulce]] region. By communicating with such fisheries, they can prevent mortality rates of juvenile hammerhead sharks. “Shark Route” is another scheme that focuses on educating elementary aged students about marine resources and the importance of the sharks’ role in aquatic ecosystems, as well as their vulnerability to human activity<ref>{{cite web |
Misión Tiburón recognises that conservation involves education, their motto being “conocer para proteger”; as part of their work to conserve the [[scalloped hammerhead shark]], they run educational activities in local coastal communities as well as participatory workshops with local fishermen operating in the [[Golfo Dulce, Costa Rica|Golfo Dulce]] region. By communicating with such fisheries, they can prevent mortality rates of juvenile hammerhead sharks. “Shark Route” is another scheme that focuses on educating elementary aged students about marine resources and the importance of the sharks’ role in aquatic ecosystems, as well as their vulnerability to human activity.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://misiontiburon.org/en/marine-education/ |title= Save The Hammerhead Shark |website= Misión Tiburón |access-date= 11 September 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190824233607/http://misiontiburon.org/en/marine-education/ |archive-date= 24 August 2019 |url-status= live }}</ref> |
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Misión Tiburón aims to help educate over 3,000 public-school students with the message of “Save the Hammerhead Shark”, with plans to construct a learning station in the port town of Golifto, situated in the Golfo Dulce region along the pacific coast.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://ticotimes.net/2018/10/11/mision-tiburon-the-husband-and-wife-team-protecting-sharks-in-costa-rica |title= Misión Tiburón: The husband and wife team protecting sharks in Costa Rica |last= Sandoval |first= Sandy |date= 11 October 2018 |website= Tico Times |access-date= 12 September 2018 |quote= Misión Tiburón plans to implement a learning station in the southern Pacific port of Golfito, which is geographically close to Golfo Dulce’s hammerhead shark sanctuary. The organization expects to reach about 3,000 public-school students with its message. |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181011233422/http://www.ticotimes.net/2018/10/11/mision-tiburon-the-husband-and-wife-team-protecting-sharks-in-costa-rica |archive-date= 11 October 2018 |url-status= live }}</ref> |
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|url= http://misiontiburon.org/en/marine-education/ |
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|title= Save The Hammerhead Shark |
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|website= Misión Tiburón |
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|access-date= 11 September 2019 |
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|quote= }}</ref>. |
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Misión Tiburón aims to help educate over 3,000 public-school students with the message of “Save the Hammerhead Shark”, with plans to construct a learning station in the port town of Golifto, situated in the Golfo Dulce region along the pacific coast<ref>{{cite web |
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|url= https://ticotimes.net/2018/10/11/mision-tiburon-the-husband-and-wife-team-protecting-sharks-in-costa-rica |
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|title= Misión Tiburón: The husband and wife team protecting sharks in Costa Rica |
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|last= Sandoval |
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|first= Sandy |
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|date= 11 October 2018 |
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|website= Tico Times |
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|publisher= |
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|access-date= 12 September 2018 |
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|quote= |
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Misión Tiburón plans to implement a learning station in the southern Pacific port of Golfito, which is geographically close to Golfo Dulce’s hammerhead shark sanctuary. The organization expects to reach about 3,000 public-school students with its message.}}</ref>. |
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===Cocos Island's Training Program for Rangers=== |
===Cocos Island's Training Program for Rangers=== |
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[[File:CocosIslandCostaRica.jpg|thumb|[[Cocos Island]] [[Costa Rica]] ]] |
[[File:CocosIslandCostaRica.jpg|thumb|[[Cocos Island]] [[Costa Rica]] ]] |
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[[Cocos Island National Park]] is a marine life hotspot, hosting a variety of biodiversity, 530km from mainland Costa Rica in the Pacific ocean. There are no permanent residents inhabiting the Island apart from park rangers, visiting scientists and tourists on day trips.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/820/ |title= Protection and management requirements |website= UNESCO |access-date= 12 September 2019 |quote= 'Today the human presence is restricted to a rotating group of conservation staff, tourists, and visiting scientists' |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190903213123/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/820 |archive-date= 3 September 2019 |url-status= live }}</ref> Misión Tiburón is working with the rangers, conserving the island through education of new biological skills. By training the park rangers on how to obtain scientific data on the pelagic species through technical assistance, Misión Tiburón can collaborate with the research station on Cocos Island to help tackle illegal fishing.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://misiontiburon.org/en/our-partners/ |title= Our Partners |website= Misión Tiburón |access-date= 12 September 2019 |quote= Cocos Island Marine Conservation Area Since the beginning, has Mision Tiburon encouraged a close relationship with the Cocos Island Marine Conservation Area (ACMIC) to collaborate on education, research and training. |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190824233605/http://misiontiburon.org/en/our-partners/ |archive-date= 24 August 2019 |url-status= live }}</ref> |
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[[Cocos Island National Park]] is notably a marine life hotspot, hosting a variety of biodiversity, 530km from mainland Costa Rica in the pacific ocean. There are no permanent residents inhabiting the Island apart from park rangers, visiting scientists and tourists on day trips<ref>{{cite web |
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|url= https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/820/ |
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|title= Protection and management requirements |
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|website= UNESCO |
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|access-date= 12 September 2019 |
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|quote= 'Today the human presence is restricted to a rotating group of conservation staff, tourists, and visiting scientists' }}</ref>. Misión Tiburón is working with the rangers, conserving the important island through education of new biological skills. By training the park rangers on how to obtain scientific data on the pelagic species through technical assistance, Misión Tiburón can collaborate with the research station on Cocos Island to help tackle illegal fishing<ref>{{cite web |
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|url= http://misiontiburon.org/en/our-partners/ |
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|title= Our Partners |
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|website= Misión Tiburón |
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|access-date= 12 September 2019 |
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|quote= Cocos Island Marine Conservation Area Since the beginning, has Mision Tiburon encouraged a close relationship with the Cocos Island Marine Conservation Area (ACMIC) to collaborate on education, research and training.}}</ref>. |
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==Sponsors and support== |
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Misión Tiburón signed a Cooperation Agreement with the [[National System of Conservation Areas | National System of Conservation]] in March 2010, formalising an alliance with Cocos Island Marine Conservation Area (ACMIC) allowing collaboration of education and technical training<ref>{{cite web |
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|url= http://misiontiburon.org/en/our-partners/ |
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|title= Our Partners |
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|website= Misión Tiburón |
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|access-date= 11 September 2019 |
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|quote= 'Mision Tiburon encouraged a close relationship with the Cocos Island Marine Conservation Area (ACMIC) to collaborate on education, research and training. As result of this alliance, in March 2010, Misión Tiburón, in order to formalize their relationship with ACMIC, signed a Cooperation Agreement with the National System of Conservation.'}}</ref>. Misión Tiburón also worked with the [[Rainforest Trust]] for the establishment of the juvenile shark sanctuary in [[Golfo Dulce]]. <ref>{{cite web |
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|url= https://www.rainforesttrust.org/international-whale-shark-day-aggregation-in-gulfo-dulces-shark-sanctuary/ |
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|title= International Whale Shark Day: Aggregation in Gulfo Dulce’s Shark Sanctuary |
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|last= Lemelin |
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|first= Madison |
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|date= |
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|website= Rainforest Trust |
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|access-date= 11 September 2019 |
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|quote= In May 2018, we worked with our local partner Misión Tiburón to safeguard a portion of the unique Golfo Dulce ecosystem, one of only four tropical fjords in the world. }}</ref>. Through Misión Tiburón's efforts, in 2018 [[Golfo Dulce]] was nominated and assigned a “[[Hope Spots | Hope Spot]]” following the regions recognition for being critical to the survival of the [[scalloped hammerhead shark]] species; in particular, the vulnerable juveniles and pups. Misión Tiburón is thus supported by the global organisation [[ Sylvia Earle#Mission Blue| Mission Blue]], a charity created by the world-famous oceanographer [[Sylvia Earle | Dr Sylvia Earle]]<ref>{{cite web |
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|url= https://mission-blue.org/2019/02/hope-spot-declared-at-golfo-dulce-costa-rica-in-support-of-nursery-for-endangered-scalloped-hammerhead-sharks/ |
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|title= HOPE SPOT DECLARED AT GOLFO DULCE, COSTA RICA IN SUPPORT OF NURSERY FOR ENDANGERED SCALLOPED HAMMERHEAD SHARKS |
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|date= 4 February 2019 |
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|website= Mission Blue |
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|access-date= 9 September 2019 |
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|quote= }}</ref>. After being presented with the [[Whitley Awards (UK) | Whitley Award]] in 2019, Misión Tiburón gained support from the [[Whitley Awards (UK) | Whitley Fund for Nature]]. This UK-registered charity, established in 1993, supports conservational organisation globally with funding and by helping to raise awareness, through social media<ref>{{cite web |
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|url= https://whitleyaward.org/winners/strengthened-sanctuary-for-the-scalloped-hammerhead-shark/ |
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|title= STRENGTHENED SANCTUARY FOR THE SCALLOPED HAMMERHEAD SHARK |
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|date= 2019 |
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|website= Whitley Fund For Nature |
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|access-date= 10 September 2019 |
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|quote= }}</ref>. |
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==Awards, Sponsors and support== |
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Misión Tiburón signed a Cooperation Agreement with the [[National System of Conservation Areas | National System of Conservation]] in March 2010, formalising an alliance with Cocos Island Marine Conservation Area (ACMIC) allowing collaboration of education and technical training.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://misiontiburon.org/en/our-partners/ |title= Our Partners |website= Misión Tiburón |access-date= 11 September 2019 |quote= 'Mision Tiburon encouraged a close relationship with the Cocos Island Marine Conservation Area (ACMIC) to collaborate on education, research and training. As result of this alliance, in March 2010, Misión Tiburón, in order to formalize their relationship with ACMIC, signed a Cooperation Agreement with the National System of Conservation.' |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190824233605/http://misiontiburon.org/en/our-partners/ |archive-date= 24 August 2019 |url-status= live }}</ref> Misión Tiburón also worked with the [[Rainforest Trust]] for the establishment of the juvenile shark sanctuary in [[Golfo Dulce, Costa Rica|Golfo Dulce]].<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.rainforesttrust.org/international-whale-shark-day-aggregation-in-gulfo-dulces-shark-sanctuary/ |title= International Whale Shark Day: Aggregation in Gulfo Dulce's Shark Sanctuary |last= Lemelin |first= Madison |website= Rainforest Trust |date= 30 August 2019 |access-date= 11 September 2019 |quote= In May 2018, we worked with our local partner Misión Tiburón to safeguard a portion of the unique Golfo Dulce ecosystem, one of only four tropical fjords in the world. |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190831032841/https://www.rainforesttrust.org/international-whale-shark-day-aggregation-in-gulfo-dulces-shark-sanctuary/ |archive-date= 31 August 2019 |url-status= live }}</ref> Through Misión Tiburón's efforts, in 2018 [[Golfo Dulce, Costa Rica|Golfo Dulce]] was nominated and assigned a "[[Hope Spots | Hope Spot]]” following the regions recognition for being critical to the survival of the [[scalloped hammerhead shark]] species; in particular, the vulnerable juveniles and pups. Misión Tiburón is thus supported by the global organisation [[ Sylvia Earle#Mission Blue| Mission Blue]], a charity created by the oceanographer [[Sylvia Earle|Dr Sylvia Earle]].<ref>{{cite web |url= https://mission-blue.org/2019/02/hope-spot-declared-at-golfo-dulce-costa-rica-in-support-of-nursery-for-endangered-scalloped-hammerhead-sharks/ |title= HOPE SPOT DECLARED AT GOLFO DULCE, COSTA RICA IN SUPPORT OF NURSERY FOR ENDANGERED SCALLOPED HAMMERHEAD SHARKS |date= 4 February 2019 |website= Mission Blue |access-date= 9 September 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190612192740/https://mission-blue.org/2019/02/hope-spot-declared-at-golfo-dulce-costa-rica-in-support-of-nursery-for-endangered-scalloped-hammerhead-sharks/ |archive-date= 12 June 2019 |url-status= live }}</ref> After being presented with the [[Whitley Awards (UK)|Whitley Award]] in 2019,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/gallery/2019/may/21/environmental-heroes-the-2019-whitley-award-winners|title=Environmental heroes: the 2019 Whitley Award winners|newspaper=The Guardian|date=May 21, 2019|via=www.theguardian.com|access-date=September 26, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190926135141/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/gallery/2019/may/21/environmental-heroes-the-2019-whitley-award-winners|archive-date=September 26, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Ilena Zanella secured £40,000<ref>{{cite web |url= https://whitleyaward.org/2019/04/27/the-whitley-awards-2019/ |title= The Whitley Awards 2019 |website= Whitley Fund for Nature |date= 27 April 2019 |access-date= 12 September 2019 |quote= benefit thanks to the 2019 Whitley Awards, each worth £40,000 in project funding. The prize is accompanied by a significant boost in profile, helping winners to leverage new connections and further funding.}}</ref> of funding for one year and her organisation Misión Tiburón gained support from the [[Whitley Awards (UK)|Whitley Fund for Nature]]. This UK-registered charity, established in 1993, supports conservational organisation globally with funding and by helping to raise awareness, through social media.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://whitleyaward.org/winners/strengthened-sanctuary-for-the-scalloped-hammerhead-shark/ |title= STRENGTHENED SANCTUARY FOR THE SCALLOPED HAMMERHEAD SHARK |date= 2019 |website= Whitley Fund For Nature |publisher= |access-date= 10 September 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190824233512/https://whitleyaward.org/winners/strengthened-sanctuary-for-the-scalloped-hammerhead-shark/ |archive-date= 24 August 2019 |url-status= live }}</ref> |
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==In the media== |
==In the media== |
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As part of the Whitley Award recognition to Ilena Zanella in 2019, a short film of Misión Tiburón’s work was released,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ojWJ9_-Yizo|title=Ilena Zanella, Costa Rica – Whitley Awards 2019|via=www.youtube.com|access-date=2019-09-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190824233529/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ojWJ9_-Yizo|archive-date=2019-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> narrated by [[Sir David Attenborough]].<ref>{{cite web |url= https://whitleyaward.org/winners/strengthened-sanctuary-for-the-scalloped-hammerhead-shark/ |title= STRENGTHENED SANCTUARY FOR THE SCALLOPED HAMMERHEAD SHARK |website= Whitley Fund for Nature |date= 24 April 2019 |access-date= 12 September 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190824233512/https://whitleyaward.org/winners/strengthened-sanctuary-for-the-scalloped-hammerhead-shark/ |archive-date= 24 August 2019 |url-status= live }}</ref> In July 2020, Ilena Zanella was interviewed by Kate on Conservation<ref>{{cite web |url= https://kateonconservation.com/category/blog-feed/interviews/conservationists/|title= National Geographic Kids meets shark hero Ilena Zanella |website= www.kateonconservation.com |access-date= 24 July 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200815231125/https://kateonconservation.com/2020/07/24/national-geographic-kids-meets-shark-hero-ilena-zanella/ |archive-date= 15 August 2020 |url-status= live }}</ref> and the article was published in [[National Geographic Kids]] Ocean Special issue. |
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In 2019, Misión Tiburón’s project leader Illena Zanella was awarded the prestigious Whitley Award for her efforts in conservation of the [[scalloped hammerhead shark]]. The award entails funding over one year, worth £40,000<ref>{{cite web |
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|url= https://whitleyaward.org/2019/04/27/the-whitley-awards-2019/ |
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|title= The Whitley Awards 2019 |
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|access-date= 12 September 2019 |
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|quote= benefit thanks to the 2019 Whitley Awards, each worth £40,000 in project funding. The prize is accompanied by a significant boost in profile, helping winners to leverage new connections and further funding.}}</ref>. As part of this recognition, a short film of Misión Tiburón’s work was released<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ojWJ9_-Yizo</ref>, narrated by [[Sir David Attenborough]]<ref>{{cite web |
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|url= https://whitleyaward.org/winners/strengthened-sanctuary-for-the-scalloped-hammerhead-shark/ |
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|title= STRENGTHENED SANCTUARY FOR THE SCALLOPED HAMMERHEAD SHARK |
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|access-date= 12 September 2019 |
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|quote= }}</ref>. |
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Misión Tiburón in the international media: |
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*https://www.corriere.it/ambiente/19_luglio_26/ilena-gli-squali-martellosono-timidi-io-li-salvo-e4919b58-afe1-11e9-a962-3591a4d44a20.shtml |
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*https://www.theguardian.com/environment/gallery/2019/may/21/environmental-heroes-the-2019-whitley-award-winners |
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*https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-48229719 |
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*https://www.oceanographicmagazine.com/features/costa-rica-hammerhead/ |
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*https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ojWJ9_-Yizo |
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*https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n4w0GPT _qLw |
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*https://www.teletica.com/Multimedia/Videos/994919 |
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Several other articles on Misión Tiburón and its founders Ilena and Andres have been published nationally and internationally: |
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*https://www.teletica.com/224983_undefined?fbclid=IwAR36133jvuF8eIeGvyeEUUOVssh0MiDfON-YwoFLaqtLNxyO3J-VICen2a0 |
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*{{Cite web|url=https://www.corriere.it/ambiente/19_luglio_26/ilena-gli-squali-martellosono-timidi-io-li-salvo-e4919b58-afe1-11e9-a962-3591a4d44a20.shtml|title=Ilena Zanella tra gli squali martello: «Sono timidi, li salvo»|first=Paolo|last=Virtuani|date=July 26, 2019|website=Corriere della Sera}} |
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*{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-48229719|title=La científica que ganó el "Oscar verde" por ayudar a crear el primer santuario de tiburones de Costa Rica|first=Alejandra|last=Martins|newspaper=BBC News Mundo|date=May 13, 2019}} |
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*{{Cite web|url=https://www.oceanographicmagazine.com/features/costa-rica-hammerhead/|title=Protecting tomorrow: conserving hammerhead sharks in Costa Rica – oceanographic – Oceanographic}} |
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*{{Cite web|url=https://www.teletica.com/Multimedia/Videos/994919|title=Teletica.com | Con vos|website=www.teletica.com}} |
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*{{Cite web|url=https://www.teletica.com/224983_undefined|title=Tica recibe prestigioso premio por su labor en la conservación del tiburón martillo | Teletica|website=www.teletica.com}} |
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*{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/andrewwight/2020/01/17/conserving-these-weird-sharks-could-help-hammer-climate-challenges-in-costa-rica/#4782f2434186|title=Conserving These Weird Sharks Could Help Hammer Climate Challenges In Costa Rica|first=Andrew|last=Wight|date=January 17, 2020|website=www.forbes.com}} |
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=== |
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== References == |
== References == |
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{{Reflist}} |
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== External links == |
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* [http://www.example.com www.example.com] |
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[[Category:Shark conservation]] |
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[[Category:Organizations based in Costa Rica]] |
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[[Category:2009 establishments in Costa Rica]] |
Founder | Ilena Zanella, Andres Lopez |
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Founded at | Costa Rica |
Type | Conservation association |
Purpose |
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Headquarters | Guanacaste, Costa Rica |
Misión Tiburón is a non profit organisation established in 2009, based on the Pacific coast of Costa Rica. Founded by marine biologists and conservationists Ilena Zanella and Andres Lopez, the organisation focuses on marine research concerning sharks, sea turtles and rays as well as education programs targeted at local coastal communities.[1]
Misión Tiburón has its operations center in Guanacaste Province, in the North Pacific of Costa Rica. Since 2019, Misión Tiburón also carries out regular shark tagging operations from Golfito, in southern Costa Rica. The organisation focuses its efforts on three main areas: marine education, marine research and political and social advocacy.[1] The main aim of its marine education operations is to raise awareness within Costa Rica as well as globally of the importance of sharks in the oceans, the threats that they are facing and their sharp population decline. The scientific marine research area focuses on sharks and other marine species in order to determine management strategies, hence promote their conservation and responsible use. It is the aim of its political and social advocacy area to use technical and scientific information as a tool for influencing civil society and public policy to promote the conservation of sharks and others marine species.
The scalloped hammerhead shark (Sphyrna lewini) suffered global population decreases of 95% as a result of horrific “finning” practices, as well as accidental bycatch in long line fishing in pelagic waters.[2] Juveniles, despite having too small fins, are still kept and used as bait for larger sharks.[3] The scalloped hammerhead is one of the sharks most affected by such practises, and according to IUCN Red List is endangered; being a highly migratory species, it is very vulnerable, as conservation efforts have to take place across many nations.[4] In Costa Rica, the traditional dish ceviche incorporates Hammerhead shark meat, contributing to the decline of these vulnerable populations.[5] Following empirical observations in the waters surrounding Cocos Island off the pacific coast of Costa Rica, it was found that populations of adult scalloped hammerhead sharks declined by 45% despite Cocos Island being a protected national park.[6] Misión Tiburón collected scientific data using satellite telemetry and acoustic telemetry shark tagging methods[7] providing evidence, from a high abundance of juveniles, that the coastal waters in Golfo Dulce were critical to the scalloped hammerhead’s survival. Misión Tiburón’s data indicated that whilst adult sharks feed in the rich pelagic waters surrounding Cocos Island, they must migrate over 300 miles – along an underwater mountain range – to reach the mangrove coastal region of Golfo Dulce where females give birth to live young. The pups then remain in the sheltered root system, thriving off rich nutrient waters and benefiting from the protection by avoiding predators.[8] As a result of Misión Tiburón’s work, the coastal regions of Golfo Dulce were assigned as the Scalloped Hammerhead Shark Sanctuary by the government of Costa Rica: this marked the first shark sanctuary in Costa Rica as well as the first shark sanctuary in the world focused on protecting juvenile sharks.[9] The protected area covers over 10,000 acres of habitat in the Golfo Dulce region.[10]
The whitetip reef shark (Triaenodon obesus) gains its name from the unmissable white tipped dorsal and caudal fins, inhabiting global tropical coastal waters as well as coral reefs. The Whitetip shark populations are threatened by multiple human activities including fishing; in Costa Rica, Misión Tiburón is focusing on conserving these sharks through tagging programs to track their populations, of which little is currently known. The program focuses around Cocos Island National Park and other hot spots off the Pacific Coast of Costa Rica.[11]
The bull shark (Carcharhinus leucas) is a migratory species distributed globally – in mostly warm, shallow waters such as rivers and estuaries, being fresh or salt water. Juvenile sharks require the protection of mangrove coastal regions, such as Potrero Grande Mangrove and Punta Respingue Mangrove in Costa Rica, to thrive. These important habitats and populations lack scientific data, which could aid in the conservation of this species vulnerable to fisheries. Misión Tiburón aims to collect such data using acoustic and satellite tagging programs, utilising their findings to promote conservation of the Bull Sharks by working with local communities and approaching the governmental sector.[12]
Misión Tiburón recognises that conservation involves education, their motto being “conocer para proteger”; as part of their work to conserve the scalloped hammerhead shark, they run educational activities in local coastal communities as well as participatory workshops with local fishermen operating in the Golfo Dulce region. By communicating with such fisheries, they can prevent mortality rates of juvenile hammerhead sharks. “Shark Route” is another scheme that focuses on educating elementary aged students about marine resources and the importance of the sharks’ role in aquatic ecosystems, as well as their vulnerability to human activity.[13] Misión Tiburón aims to help educate over 3,000 public-school students with the message of “Save the Hammerhead Shark”, with plans to construct a learning station in the port town of Golifto, situated in the Golfo Dulce region along the pacific coast.[14]
Cocos Island National Park is a marine life hotspot, hosting a variety of biodiversity, 530km from mainland Costa Rica in the Pacific ocean. There are no permanent residents inhabiting the Island apart from park rangers, visiting scientists and tourists on day trips.[15] Misión Tiburón is working with the rangers, conserving the island through education of new biological skills. By training the park rangers on how to obtain scientific data on the pelagic species through technical assistance, Misión Tiburón can collaborate with the research station on Cocos Island to help tackle illegal fishing.[16]
Misión Tiburón signed a Cooperation Agreement with the National System of Conservation in March 2010, formalising an alliance with Cocos Island Marine Conservation Area (ACMIC) allowing collaboration of education and technical training.[17] Misión Tiburón also worked with the Rainforest Trust for the establishment of the juvenile shark sanctuary in Golfo Dulce.[18] Through Misión Tiburón's efforts, in 2018 Golfo Dulce was nominated and assigned a " Hope Spot” following the regions recognition for being critical to the survival of the scalloped hammerhead shark species; in particular, the vulnerable juveniles and pups. Misión Tiburón is thus supported by the global organisation Mission Blue, a charity created by the oceanographer Dr Sylvia Earle.[19] After being presented with the Whitley Award in 2019,[20] Ilena Zanella secured £40,000[21] of funding for one year and her organisation Misión Tiburón gained support from the Whitley Fund for Nature. This UK-registered charity, established in 1993, supports conservational organisation globally with funding and by helping to raise awareness, through social media.[22]
As part of the Whitley Award recognition to Ilena Zanella in 2019, a short film of Misión Tiburón’s work was released,[23] narrated by Sir David Attenborough.[24] In July 2020, Ilena Zanella was interviewed by Kate on Conservation[25] and the article was published in National Geographic Kids Ocean Special issue.
Several other articles on Misión Tiburón and its founders Ilena and Andres have been published nationally and internationally:
'10,000 acres of habitat necessary for the Scalloped Hammerhead and other species in Golfo Dulce's rich array of biodiversity. '
Misión Tiburón plans to implement a learning station in the southern Pacific port of Golfito, which is geographically close to Golfo Dulce's hammerhead shark sanctuary. The organization expects to reach about 3,000 public-school students with its message.
'Today the human presence is restricted to a rotating group of conservation staff, tourists, and visiting scientists'
Cocos Island Marine Conservation Area Since the beginning, has Mision Tiburon encouraged a close relationship with the Cocos Island Marine Conservation Area (ACMIC) to collaborate on education, research and training.
'Mision Tiburon encouraged a close relationship with the Cocos Island Marine Conservation Area (ACMIC) to collaborate on education, research and training. As result of this alliance, in March 2010, Misión Tiburón, in order to formalize their relationship with ACMIC, signed a Cooperation Agreement with the National System of Conservation.'
In May 2018, we worked with our local partner Misión Tiburón to safeguard a portion of the unique Golfo Dulce ecosystem, one of only four tropical fjords in the world.
benefit thanks to the 2019 Whitley Awards, each worth £40,000 in project funding. The prize is accompanied by a significant boost in profile, helping winners to leverage new connections and further funding.